RU237223U1 - A portable finger trainer for conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train eye muscles in various conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine, to the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and ophthalmology, and can be used in conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes in neurological patients with visual agnosia, as well as for training the eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment when working on a computer, and exercises aimed at improving visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired ocular muscle function. The utility model is a device consisting of a control object (1) designed to concentrate the gaze and control the eye movement of the student during exercises, and in the lower part of the control object (1) there is an internal cavity (2) with a rounded outer edge, allowing the control object (1) to be placed and fixed on the end of one of the fingers of the student's hand. Thus, the "Portable Finger Trainer" is a compact, easy-to-manufacture, and convenient device designed for training both the central and peripheral visual systems. Its effectiveness is ensured by the fact that, from the very first sessions, the training process is carried out using an external device that facilitates eye movement control and eye muscle training. This allows for eye movement rehabilitation sessions for a wide range of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including those with impaired hand and finger movement, as well as eye muscle training sessions to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, and eye muscle training sessions to improve visual acuity in various conditions associated with eye muscle dysfunction. Moreover, the "Portable Finger Trainer" further enhances the effectiveness of eye movement rehabilitation and eye muscle training sessions by allowing participants to carry it with them for rehabilitation and training sessions in a variety of settings.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, to the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and ophthalmology, and can be used in conducting classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia, as well as for training the eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes aimed at improving visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles.

An important feature of the device is that its portability and compact size allow users to carry it with them, making it possible to conduct eye movement rehabilitation and eye muscle training sessions in various settings, such as while walking.

The process of eye movements is one of the necessary components that ensure the functioning of the human visual analyzer, in the functioning of which the normal functioning of the eye muscles plays an important role.

The visual analyzer is a complex neuroreceptor system that perceives and analyzes visual stimuli. It consists of three sections: peripheral (the eye), conductive (the optic nerve, optic and subcortical nerve structures), and central (the visual cortex) (Dictionary of Correctional Pedagogy and Special Psychology. Visual Analyzer, found online at https://correction_pedagogy.academic.ru/741/Зрительный_анализатор).

One of the disorders of the central part of the visual analyzer is visual agnosia, which occurs with damage to the occipital and frontal parts of the cerebral cortex, as a result of which patients have difficulty perceiving "noisy" images of objects, and with more severe damage to the occipital parts of the cerebral cortex and real objects.

The process of visual perception has a complex structure and can be disrupted due to damage to its various components.

One of the important components necessary for the normal functioning of visual perception is the process of eye movements that trace the contour of the perceived object or subject, and perform a number of other complex movements during the perception of various objects and subjects (Yarbus A.L. The role of eye movements in the process of image perception. Moscow: Nauka, 1965).

In the cerebral cortex there are two oculomotor "centers" that control gaze movements: the posterior "center" is located in the parietal-occipital regions of the cerebral cortex and serves for the reflex regulation of gaze movements, ensuring the act of fixation and tracking of a moving point, and the anterior "center" is located in the middle sections of the premotor zone (Brodmann's area 8) and is the apparatus that regulates voluntary translation of the eyes and active searching movements of the gaze (Luria A.R. Lectures on General Psychology, St. Petersburg: Piter, 2006).

Currently, various methods are used to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia.

Thus, a well-known method of M.G. Khrakovskaya is designed to restore the process of eye movements, their optomotor activity in neurological patients with visual perception disorders. In the early stages of work according to this method, tasks are used aimed at restoring eye movements according to automated reading algorithms: from left to right and top to bottom, line by line. Gradually, during the course of lessons, the volume of visual information and the complexity of the tasks increase. This type of tasks allows for increasing readiness for perception due to the regulation of movement and fixation of gaze. Further tasks are used aimed at identifying and classifying the details of objects according to given visual characteristics, etc. (Khrakovskaya M.G. Optimization of neuropsychological rehabilitation strategies using the example of restoration of visual gnosis. // Neurorehabilitation-2009: Proceedings of the I International Congress. - M., 2009. - P. 48).

The disadvantages of this method when used for conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this technique is based on the use of automated eye movement algorithms, without the use of any additional external means that make it easier for the patient to control eye movement;

b) this technique provides the possibility of restoring eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

d) This technique is intended for use during classes only at a desk.

L.S. Tsvetkova's method is also well-known, designed to restore reading skills in cases of eye movement disorders. This method is based on the use of an additional external aid that guides the patient's gaze and facilitates the impaired eye movement process. This external aid is a special cardboard frame placed over a word, leaving the entire word or a few of its letters visible for the patient to read. The frame then gradually moves along the line from word to word, guiding the patient's gaze and engaging their intact kinesthetic senses (L.S. Tsvetkova, "Restorative Training for Localized Brain Lesions." Moscow: Pedagogy, 1972).

The disadvantages of this method when used for conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this technique is intended only for the restoration of eye movements in case of reading process disorders;

b) this technique provides the possibility of restoring eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

d) This technique is intended for use during classes only at a desk.

Also known is the method of L.E. Selyavko, designed to restore the impaired process of eye movements based on the "Methodological manual "Linear simulator for group classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements and voluntary attention in neurological patients"" (Patent RU 109874 S dated 07/24/2018).

This manual contains worksheets in the form of circles connected by lines. One patient writes the letters of a phrase into these circles, while the other patient reads them, moving their gaze along the lines connecting the circles with the letters inscribed within them in different directions: horizontally, vertically, and diagonally. A pointer is used as an external aid to facilitate the patient's impaired eye movement (Selyavko, L.E., Neuropsychological Manual "Linear Trainer for Exercises to Restore Impaired Eye Movement and Voluntary Attention," Methodological Almanac "Neurorehabilitator" No. 1. Moscow: Sputnik+ Publishing House, 2020. pp. 52-55).

The disadvantages of this method when used for conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this technique provides the possibility of restoring eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

b) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique is intended for use during classes only at a desk.

Thus, the methods discussed above promote training of the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, and are not intended to train the eye muscle (ciliary muscle), which ensures clear perception of objects located in space at different distances from the patient.

The ciliary muscle (ciliary muscle) is an internal muscle of the eye, having a ring-shaped form, which provides accommodation for viewing objects at different distances (Wikipedia. Ciliary muscle, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Цилиарная_мышца).

Accommodation is the eye's adaptation to clearly see objects at different distances by focusing the image on the retina. When viewing an object at close range, signals are sent to the brain due to its blurred image on the retina. Stimulation from the oculomotor nerve is transmitted to the ciliary muscle, which contracts. This causes the ciliary body ring to narrow, the tension of the zonule of Zinn to weaken, and the lens, particularly its anterior surface, to become more convex. The refractive power of the eye increases, and the image of a nearby object becomes clear. When the visual axis of the eye is shifted to a distant object, irritation of the oculomotor nerve ceases, the ciliary muscle relaxes, the ciliary body ring expands, the zonule of Zinn is stretched, and the lens takes on a flatter shape (Great Russian Encyclopedia. Accommodation, found on the Internet at https://bigenc.ru/c/akkomodatsiia-aba563?ysclid=m6tfpmbicu886157737).

Along with methods based on the use of printed materials, various devices and simulators are used to restore the impaired process of eye movements.

Thus, from the existing level of technology, a device is known called “A simulator for exercises to restore eye movements in patients in a neurological clinic with a disorder of the visual perception process” (Patent RU 153548 U1 dated 07/27/2015).

Structurally, this device is a plastic frame in which a sheet of working material in the form of various images (objects, labyrinths, etc.) is installed, and an eye movement control object (made of metal with magnetic properties) is installed on the surface of the sheet being used, under which a magnet is located.

When using this device, the patient moves the magnet so that the object that controls eye movement moves along the contours or other parts of the image being used, while tracking its movement with the gaze.

Thus, this device enables the restoration of eye movement within the plane of the worksheet. However, eye movement is a more complex process, enabling visual perception not only in a plane but also in real three-dimensional space.

The disadvantages of this device when used for conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this device provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

b) this device helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, but is not intended for training the ciliary muscle;

c) the need to use additional materials in the form of sheets with working materials;

d) This technique is intended for use during classes only at a desk.

To train the ciliary muscles of the eyes, various sets of exercises are used, one of which is, for example, the set of "Visual exercises for relaxation and training of the ciliary muscle", which includes the following exercises: a) a mark with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm is put on the window glass, and the practitioner, being at a distance of 30-35 cm from the window glass, should move his gaze from the mark to some object located outside the window at a distance of at least 5 meters, and back; b) the practitioner should stretch his hand forward and look at the tip of the index finger, then slowly bring the finger to the nose, without taking his eyes off it, until the finger begins to double; c) the practitioner places the finger of his right hand at face level, at a distance of 25-30 cm from the eyes and looks with both eyes at the tip of the finger for 5 seconds, covering his left eye with his hand for 5 seconds, after which he removes his palm and again looks at the finger with both eyes for 5 seconds, then changes hands. (Ophthalmology Center. Eye exercises - ciliary muscle training, found online on July 20, 2025 at https://optika-r.ru/zdorove-glaz/uprazhneniya-dlya-glaz-trenirovka-ciliarnoy-myshtsy/).

The disadvantages of these exercises when used for conducting training sessions to restore impaired eye movement processes and train the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) these exercises are not intended for training in restoring impaired eye movement processes;

b) these exercises provide training only for the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

c) in these exercises, the fingers of the practitioner’s hand are used as an object for fixing the gaze and controlling the process of eye movement.

The use of fingers as an object for fixing the gaze and controlling the process of eye movement is also widely used in various other sets of exercises aimed at training the eye muscles, for example, in the set "The Best Exercises for Restoring Visual Acuity", which includes the following exercises based on the use of fingers: a) direct your gaze forward, wait a few seconds, then bring the index finger of one hand closer to the center of the face at a distance of 20 cm from the eyes, and then slowly direct your gaze to the tip of the phalanx of the finger and hold it for 5-6 seconds; b) raise your straight arms forward at head level, then hold your attention on the tip of the finger of one hand, and without moving it, slowly bring the finger closer to your face until its phalanx begins to double; c) place the index finger of one hand at head level, 20-30 cm from the eyes and focus your gaze on the tip of the finger, holding it for 5-6 seconds, then cover one half of your face with the palm of your other hand and continue looking at the index finger with your unclosed eye, then perform the exercise with the other hand; d) slowly move the index finger of your right hand from side to side and follow its movement with your gaze, focusing on its tip, without moving your head (Serchenko O.G. The best exercises for restoring visual acuity, found on 07/20/2025 on the Internet at https://uteka.ru/articles/sovety/uprazhneniya-dlya-vosstanovleniya-zreniya/).

The disadvantages of using the fingers as an object for fixing the gaze and controlling the eye movements of the student during exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles, are:

a) the fingers have an elongated cylindrical shape, making it difficult to focus the gaze on them;

b) fixing the gaze on the fingers is also made difficult by the fact that the fingers, being part of the hand, are not separated from it by any clear boundary;

c) the means of fixing the gaze in various exercises is either the whole finger of the hand or its parts (fingertip, phalanx of the finger), which introduces uncertainty in the performance of these exercises.

Along with the exercises discussed above, various devices and exercise machines are also used to train the ciliary muscles of the eyes.

Thus, from the existing level of technology, a device “Trainer for the correction of presbyopia” is known (Patent RU 138750 U1 dated 03/20/2014).

Structurally, this device is a hollow tube with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 240 mm with a longitudinal slot, while plugs are installed on both sides of the tube, and a ball with a diameter of 12 mm is placed inside it.

When using this device, the practitioner holds it perpendicularly at a distance of 15-30 cm from the eyes, so that the ball is visible through the tube's slit. By rocking the tube along its longitudinal axis, the patient sets the ball in motion. The ball moves away from the eyes and back, at a speed the practitioner adjusts to ensure convergence of the eye axes and bifixation of the ball as it approaches without causing discomfort. The closer the distance and the slower the speed of the ball, the more effective the effect on the ciliary muscles.

By continuously tracking the ball moving forward and backward perpendicular to the eyes for a short period of time and by using it daily and repeatedly, it has a direct effect on the ciliary muscles, restoring their tone and correcting vision in presbyopia.

Thus, this device provides the opportunity to train the ciliary muscles of the eyes due to the possibility of free movement of the ball in the cavity of the tube and tracking its movement through a longitudinal slot.

The disadvantages of this device when used for conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this device is not intended for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes;

b) this device is intended for training only the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

c) the need to hold the device with both hands, which complicates its use for neurological patients with impaired movement in one hand.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the device “Trainer for exercises to restore eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia” (Patent RU 160587 U1 dated 03/27/2016).

This device is a handle movably mounted on a flat stand, in the upper and lower parts of which two groups of telescopically connected tubes are located, while the end of the central tube, located in the lower part of the handle, is connected to the stand, and at the end of the central tube, located in the upper part of the handle, a ball with a diameter of 10-20 mm is fixed, which is a control object designed to fix the gaze and control the process of eye movement of the patient.

During the exercises, the device is placed on the surface of the table, and the ball is raised to a height corresponding to the eye level of the patient, who, holding the handle with one hand, begins to slowly move the ball, tracking its movement with his gaze.

This movement can be carried out in a plane either parallel or perpendicular to the patient’s face, or be of a more complex circular nature with periodic alternation of the direction of rotation.

At the same time, the patient, holding the stand of the device with one hand, smoothly lifts the ball by the handle with the other hand (pushing apart the lower tubes) above eye level, after which he also lowers it below eye level, as a result of which vertical movements are added to the trajectory of the ball's movement.

Thus, this device provides the ability to continuously track a ball with the gaze, performing complex movements in three spatial coordinates.

An important feature of this device is that it provides the ability to work aimed at both restoring the process of eye movements (implemented under the control of the oculomotor “centers” of the brain, which are part of the central section of the visual analyzer), and work aimed at training the eye muscles (which are part of the peripheral section of the visual analyzer).

The disadvantages of this device when used for conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this device is stationary, therefore it can only be used if there is a desktop on which it is installed;

b) this device is not portable, as it contains a stand that does not allow you to carry it with you for training in various conditions;

c) the presence of a stand limits the ability to perform movements of the ball along complex trajectories, allowing only relatively simple movements: left-right, up-down, perpendicular to the eyes, in a circle;

d) the need to hold the handle with one hand and the stand of the device with the other, which complicates its use for neurological patients with impaired movement in one of the hands.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned devices and training devices, a device called "Portable finger trainer for conducting exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements and to train the eye muscles in various conditions" (hereinafter referred to as "Portable finger trainer") has been developed. This device is easy to use and compact, providing the ability to conduct exercises in various conditions aimed at both restoring the process of eye movements (implemented under the control of the oculomotor "centers" of the brain, included in the central section of the visual analyzer), and exercises aimed at training the eye muscles (included in the peripheral section of the visual analyzer).

The tasks that the declared technical solution is aimed at solving are:

a) the versatility of the device, which provides the possibility of conducting exercises aimed at both the central and peripheral parts of the visual analyzer, which allows it to be used in various areas of medical rehabilitation;

b) portability and compactness of the device, allowing students to carry it with them at all times to conduct classes in various conditions, for example, on walks;

c) providing the opportunity to conduct classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia;

d) providing the opportunity to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer;

d) providing the opportunity to train the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with dysfunction of the eye muscles;

e) ensuring the ability of the device to perform various movements along trajectories of varying degrees of complexity in three spatial coordinates;

g) providing the opportunity to conduct classes for neurological patients with impaired movement of one of the arms;

c) providing the opportunity to conduct classes for neurological patients with impaired finger movement;

i) simplicity of the device design, which facilitates its wide implementation in the practical sphere.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is an increase in the effectiveness of exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements and to train the eye muscles, achieved through the design elements and compactness of the claimed "Portable Finger Trainer", which allows trainees to constantly carry it with them for conducting exercises in various conditions, and allows for conducting exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including patients with impaired movement of one of the hands and impaired movement of the fingers, as well as exercises to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, and exercises to train the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the "Portable Finger Trainer" is a device consisting of a control object designed to concentrate the gaze and control the eye movement of the exerciser during the exercise, and in the lower part of the control object there is an internal cavity with a rounded outer edge, which allows the control object to be placed and fixed on the end of one of the fingers of the exerciser's hand.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Portable Finger Trainer", the control object is designed as a three-dimensional geometric figure.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Portable Finger Trainer", the control object is made in the form of an object.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Portable Finger Trainer", the internal cavity has the shape of a straight cylinder.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Portable Finger Trainer", the internal cavity has the shape of a right truncated cone.

The essence of the utility model "Portable finger trainer for conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train eye muscles in various conditions" is explained by drawings, which depict:

Fig. 1 - general view of the "Portable finger trainer";

Fig. 2 shows a bottom view of the "Portable Finger Trainer".

The claimed "Portable Finger Trainer" (see Fig. 1, 2) is a device in the form of a control object (1) designed to concentrate the gaze and control the eye movements of the person exercising (a patient with an eye movement disorder or visual acuity disorder, as well as a person training their vision) during the execution of exercises, and in the lower part of the control object (1) there is an internal cavity (2) with a rounded outer edge, providing the possibility of placing and fixing the control object (1) on the end part (corresponding to the distal (nail) phalanx) of one of the fingers of the person exercising.

The term "portable" means "small in size, convenient to carry" (Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary. Portable, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/960734).

The term "object" is understood as "anything that has properties and with which you can perform any actions" (Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary. Object, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dmitriev/3034).

The term “gaze” refers to “the direction, the focus of the eyes towards someone or something” (Efremova’s Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. Gaze, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/146522/Vzor).

The control object (1) of the "Portable finger trainer" is designed to concentrate the gaze and control the eye movements of the person exercising (a patient with impaired eye movements or visual acuity, as well as a person training vision) during the performance of exercises aimed at restoring the impaired process of eye movements or training the eye muscles.

The control object (1) of the “Portable finger trainer” can be made in the form of:

a) a three-dimensional geometric figure, for example, a sphere (see Fig. 1, 2), a polyhedron (dodecahedron, icosahedron), a cylinder, a cone, etc.;

b) a three-dimensional object, for example, an apple, a flower bud, a bird, etc.;

Along with this, the control object (1) can have any shape that provides the ability to concentrate the gaze and control the movement of the eyes of the person practicing, as well as its placement and fixation on the end of one of the fingers of the hand by means of an internal cavity (2) made in the lower part of the control object (1).

The term "polyhedron" refers to a closed surface composed of polygons. There are different types of polyhedrons, such as the dodecahedron (a twelve-sided polyhedron), the icosahedron (an icosahedron), and so on. (Wikipedia: Polyhedron, found online at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Многогранник.)

The term "object" refers to any specific material phenomenon perceived by the senses and thought as something distinctly existing. Seeing an object. Animate or inanimate object. Discovering an object, etc. (Website: Academician. Encyclopedic Dictionary. Object, found online at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/45885/predmet).

The dimensions of this particular "Portable Finger Exerciser" given below are not intended to limit the scope of legal protection, as they may change during the course of its creation.

If the control object (1) is made in the form of a ball, its diameter can range from 25 to 50 millimeters or more.

If the control object (1) is made in the form of some other volumetric geometric figure or in the form of an object, then its length, width and height are within the range of 25 to 50 millimeters or more.

Thus, the shape and dimensions of the control object (1) must ensure the possibility of creating an internal cavity (2) in its lower part (see Fig. 1, 2), intended for placing and fixing the control object (1) on the end part of one of the fingers of the practitioner’s hand.

The control object (1) can be made of plastic, rubber, polyurethane foam, wood, metal or any other material.

In this case, the control object (1) can be monolithic or hollow.

If the control object (1) is hollow, then the thickness of its wall can be 1-3 mm.

The outer surface of the control object (1) can be matte or shiny.

The outer surface of the control object (1) may be coated with a coating of any color or a combination of several different colors. Various graphic elements in the form of dots, lines, and geometric shapes may also be applied to the outer surface of the control object (1), either arranged in any order or in accordance with the appearance of an object, such as a soccer ball. Furthermore, images of various objects, symbols (letters, numbers, hieroglyphs), words, or phrases may be applied to the outer surface of the control object (1).

If the control object (1) is made of plastic and is hollow, it may be additionally equipped with internal illumination consisting of one or more LEDs installed within it, a coin-cell battery, and a switch located, for example, in the center of its upper portion. However, illumination of the control object (1) is not a mandatory design element of the "Portable Finger Trainer."

The internal cavity (2) formed in the lower part of the control object (1) can have: a) the shape of a straight cylinder; b) the shape of a right truncated cone (see Fig. 1, 2).

A cylinder is a body that consists of two circles (called bases), which can be superposed by parallel translation, and all the segments connecting the corresponding points of these circles (Cylinder, found on the Internet at https://uztest.ru/abstracts/?idabstract=99).

A truncated cone is a solid of revolution formed by rotating a rectangular trapezoid about a lateral side perpendicular to the bases. (Truncated cone. https://uztest.ru/abstracts/?idabstract=85&ysclid=m8glxyjy86164235562).

The dimensions of the internal cavity (2) must ensure the possibility of securely fixing the “Portable Finger Trainer” on the end part (corresponding to the distal (nail) phalanx) of one of the fingers of the person exercising.

If the internal cavity (2) has the shape of a straight cylinder, then its diameter can be 15-20 mm.

If the internal cavity (2) has the shape of a right truncated cone, then the diameter of its base can be 15-20 mm, and the diameter of its upper side can be 11-16 mm.

The depth of the internal cavity (2) can be 20-30 mm.

In this case, the internal cavity (2) has a rounded outer edge (not shown in the figures), which ensures easy entry of a finger into it when placing and fixing the control object (1) on the end of the finger of the user’s hand.

Thus, the design elements of the “Portable Finger Trainer” provide:

a) increasing the effectiveness of recovery and training sessions due to the compactness of the device, which allows trainees to carry it with them for training in various conditions;

b) the ability to fix the device on the end of one of the fingers of the hand (left or right) to perform various exercises aimed at restoring the impaired process of eye movements or training the eye muscles;

c) the ability to implement various movements of the control object along various trajectories of any degree of complexity;

d) the ability to use the device in various conditions, in the absence of a horizontal surface;

d) the possibility of conducting classes with neurological patients who have impaired movement in one of their hands;

e) the possibility of conducting classes with neurological patients who have impaired finger movement;

g) the possibility of conducting long-term courses of independent training to restore the process of eye movements or train the eye muscles.

The device "Portable finger trainer for conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train eye muscles in various conditions" is used using methods determined by the objectives of the rehabilitation or training exercises.

Restoration of the eye movement process in patients with visual agnosia

The relevance of using the "Portable Finger Trainer" during training sessions to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia is due to the fact that most existing trainers and manuals provide the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, in contrast to which the "Portable Finger Trainer" provides the ability to restore eye movements in real three-dimensional space.

An important feature of the Portable Finger Trainer is that patients can carry it with them at all times and use it to conduct exercises in various conditions, such as while walking.

Classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia are conducted under the guidance of a neuropsychologist or other specialist in this field.

During a course of exercises to restore impaired eye movement, the specialist demonstrates various types of exercises to the patient, teaching him how to independently use the "Portable Finger Trainer."

The first type of exercise involves the simplest movements of the control object (1) in a single imaginary plane, located in front of the patient's face at arm's length. For example, movements left and right, up and down, movements along the diagonals of an imaginary rectangle, etc.

After the specialist demonstrates these exercises, the control object (1) is placed and secured to the tip of one of the fingers (e.g., the thumb) of the patient's hand (e.g., the right). The patient then performs slow, even movements with the hand and control object (1) along these trajectories, tracking its movement with their gaze without straining their eyes or moving their head. The specialist monitors the patient's performance of these exercises to ensure smooth and calm movements, and that the maximum deflection of the control object (1) is comfortable for the patient (this also applies to other types of exercises).

The second type of exercise involves the patient positioning their hand with a control object (1) attached to one finger so that it remains motionless in front of their face at arm's length. Then, while looking at the control object (1), the patient performs smooth head movements left and right, up and down, and so on, under the supervision of a specialist.

The third type of exercise is a more complex version of the first type of exercise and involves more complex hand movements with the control object (1), performed in a fixed plane located approximately at arm's length in front of the patient's face. For example, circular movements (clockwise and counterclockwise), movements along the contour of a horizontal figure eight (clockwise and counterclockwise), and others.

The fourth type of exercise is a more complex version of the second type of exercise. The patient positions the hand holding the control object (1) so that it remains motionless in front of their face at arm's length. The patient then performs more complex head movements, such as circular movements (clockwise and counterclockwise), horizontal figure-eight movements (clockwise and counterclockwise), and other movements, all under the supervision of a specialist.

The fifth type of exercise involves hand movements with a control object (1), performed in a vertical plane perpendicular to the center of the patient's face. For example, linear movements away from the patient's face and back, circular movements (clockwise and counterclockwise), etc.

The sixth type of exercise involves more complex hand movements with the control object (1), performed not in a single plane, as in the first, third, and fifth types of exercises, but in three-dimensional space. For example, movements along the contour of an imaginary ball or any other three-dimensional figure, etc.

The above-described types of exercises using the "Portable Finger Trainer" vary in difficulty and are gradually incorporated into the training process by the specialist, taking into account the degree of impairment of the patient's eye movement process and his ability to perform certain eye movements.

Each exercise is repeated by the patient, depending on his condition, from two to five times, with certain breaks, the duration of which is determined by a specialist.

As the patient achieves positive results in restoring the process of eye movements, a gradual increase in the number of exercises of the sixth type is carried out, which are distinguished by a more complex trajectory of hand movements with the control object (1).

Training the eye muscles to prevent vision impairment.

The relevance of using the "Portable Finger Trainer" for training the eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment is due to the fact that currently, work, study, and other activities of most people are connected with a computer, the active use of which contributes to the development of computer vision syndrome.

A computer user's visual performance and visual fatigue are closely linked to their accommodation (the ability of the visual apparatus to focus on objects located at different distances) and convergence (the convergence of the visual axes of both eyes on a fixed object). The development of computer vision syndrome is based on the mechanism of overstrain of the accommodative apparatus of the eye. Because text on electronic media is not presented as continuous lines, but consists of scattered dots and pixels, images on electronic media and paper differ greatly, and the eyes are unable to maintain focus. This leads to disruption of the function and uneven contraction of the muscle that provides accommodation (ciliary muscle) and the development of accommodation spasm (A.I. Oleynik. Computer vision syndrome, found on July 20, 2025 on the Internet at https://gkb-23.m/tag/elektrostimulyatsiya-ciliarnoj-myshtsy/).

One of the ways to combat computer vision syndrome is visual gymnastics, based on regularly performing a set of exercises to relieve eye strain: a) look alternately to the right and left, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; b) look alternately up and down, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; c) perform circular movements with your eyes, first clockwise, then counterclockwise; d) open and close your eyes sufficiently intensively; e) look alternately diagonally up to the right and down to the left, up to the left and down to the right, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; e) bring the index finger of the hand closer to the nose, focusing the gaze on the tip of the finger, thus bringing the eyes to the nose and fixing the gaze for 1-2 seconds (Daria Lebedinets. How working at a computer affects vision, found on July 20, 2025 on the Internet at https://oft.nika-nn.ru/articles/kak-rabota-za-kompyuterom-vliyaet-na-zrenie/?ysclid=m6xq31ajuc266778241).

The developed "Portable Finger Trainer" facilitates the performance of this and similar sets of exercises based on eye movement, making their performance more convenient and comfortable due to the ability to track the movement of the control object (1) with the gaze during the performance of these exercises.

The important value of the Portable Finger Trainer is that practitioners can carry it with them at all times and use it to conduct exercises in various conditions, for example, while walking.

The use of the "Portable Finger Trainer" is particularly relevant for conducting visual gymnastics for neurological patients during classes on the restoration of impaired mental functions using computer technologies, which are widely used in the practice of neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with organic brain damage (Selyavko L.E., Tsvetkova L.S. Computer technologies in rehabilitation training. Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 14, Psychology. 2006. No. 2. Pp. 71-78).

This is due to the fact that the visual system of neurological patients is more susceptible to the effects of a computer monitor and therefore has a greater need for rest and preventative training.

The use of the "Portable Finger Trainer" during exercises aimed at training the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairments is carried out through visual gymnastics exercises to overcome computer vision syndrome and various exercises similar to the exercises described above aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia.

The main differences between training sessions aimed at training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment in computer vision syndrome and sessions aimed at restoring the eye movement process in neurological patients with visual agnosia are:

a) shorter classes, held more regularly;

b) the use of additional exercises that promote better eye function: blinking, eye massage, etc.;

c) some increase in the number of exercises of the fifth and sixth types aimed at training the ciliary muscle.

All exercises performed using the "Portable Finger Trainer" should be performed slowly, calmly, smoothly, without straining the eye muscles.

Along with exercises aimed at training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, the "Portable Finger Trainer" can be effectively used to prevent visual impairment during any other activity involving prolonged concentration of gaze on objects located close to the eyes, for example, when reading books, writing on a piece of paper, drawing, etc.

Eye muscle training to improve visual acuity

The relevance of using the "Portable Finger Trainer" for training the eye muscles in order to improve visual acuity is due to the fact that various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles have become widespread at present, the most common of which include myopia and presbyopia.

Eye muscle training sessions to improve visual acuity are conducted under the guidance of an ophthalmologist or other specialist in this field.

Various exercise programs are currently available, such as "Vision Restoration Exercises," which help improve visual acuity through specialized visual gymnastics. These exercises include a series of exercises aimed at restoring eye muscle tone and improving the condition of the visual apparatus. Regularly performing these exercises helps relieve tension and oxygenate the eye tissue. Visual gymnastics improves visual acuity, relieves tension in the frontal lobe, and stimulates the tear ducts. These visual gymnastics include blinking exercises, which improve blood circulation, and squeezing the eyes, which helps relieve tension. eyelid massage, which improves the circulation of ocular fluid, etc. This complex also includes exercises that involve "drawing" with the eyes images of a figure eight, arrows in different directions, the letter "S", etc. It is recommended to print these images on a sheet of paper and use them during the exercises as eye movement trajectories (Ophthalmological Clinic. V.A. Parshina. Exercises for vision restoration, found 20.07.2925 on the Internet at https://www.sfe.ru/info/stati/uprazhneniya-dlya-vosstanovleniya-zreni/).

The developed “Portable Finger Trainer” facilitates the performance of this and similar sets of exercises (for example, the set “The Best Exercises for Restoring Visual Acuity” described above), making their performance more convenient and comfortable due to the ability to track the movement of the control object (1) with the gaze during the performance of these exercises.

The important value of the Portable Finger Trainer is that practitioners can carry it with them at all times and use it to conduct exercises in various conditions, for example, while walking.

The use of the "Portable Finger Trainer" during exercises aimed at training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity is carried out through visual gymnastics exercises to improve visual acuity, and various exercises similar to the exercises described above aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia and exercises to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment.

The main difference between training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity and training for the prevention of visual impairment is:

a) increasing the duration of classes;

b) increasing the number of additional exercises aimed at relieving tension, improving blood circulation in the eye, etc.;

c) increasing the number of exercises of the fifth and sixth types aimed at training the ciliary muscle.

Along with exercises aimed at restoring impaired eye movement and training the eye muscles, the "Portable Finger Trainer" can be effectively used:

a) when conducting corrective and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of the eye movement process;

b) when conducting classes with children to prevent visual impairments when working on a computer, as well as classes to improve visual acuity in cases of myopia;

c) when conducting classes with neurological patients with alexia, whose reading difficulties are caused by a disorder of the eye movement process, therefore, in working with these patients, the set of exercises described above is used to restore the eye movement process;

d) when conducting classes with neurological patients with unilateral visual-spatial agnosia, in which the perception of objects in the left visual field is impaired, therefore, in working with these patients, the above-described exercises are used to restore eye movements, based on tracking the movement of the control object with the gaze, which periodically goes beyond the visual field perceived by the patient;

d) when conducting classes with neurological patients who have a disorder of voluntary attention, due to the fact that exercises in tracking the movements of the controlled object with the gaze will help improve concentration.

Thus, the "Portable Finger Trainer" is a compact device that is easy to manufacture and easy to use, designed for work aimed at both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer, the effectiveness of which is ensured by the fact that, starting from the first lessons, the work process is carried out using an external means that facilitates the control of eye movements and training of the eye muscles of the student, allowing for classes to be held to restore the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including patients with impaired movement of one of the hands and impaired movement of the fingers, as well as classes to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes to train the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

At the same time, the "Portable Finger Trainer" helps to further increase the effectiveness of exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train the eye muscles by allowing trainees to carry it with them for restorative and training exercises in various conditions.

Claims (5)

1. A portable finger trainer for conducting exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes and train the eye muscles under various conditions, characterized by the fact that it is a device consisting of a control object designed to concentrate the gaze and control the eye movement of the student during the exercise, and in the lower part of the control object there is an internal cavity with a rounded outer edge, which allows the control object to be placed and fixed on the end of one of the fingers of the student's hand. 2. A portable finger trainer according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the control object is made in the form of a three-dimensional geometric figure. 3. A portable finger trainer according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the control object is made in the form of an object. 4. A portable finger trainer according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the internal cavity has the shape of a straight cylinder. 5. A portable finger trainer according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the internal cavity has the shape of a right truncated cone.