RU236700U1 - Table-top and wall-mounted trainer for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes, as well as training eye muscles - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine, to the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and ophthalmology, and can be used in conducting classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia, as well as for training the eye muscles in order to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer and classes aimed at improving visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles. The utility model is a table-and-wall trainer for classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles, consisting of a plastic base (1), in the center of the upper side of which there is a protrusion (2) with a through round hole, into which a cylindrical rod (3) is installed with the possibility of fixation and movement, at the upper end of which there is a control element (4) intended for concentrating the gaze and controlling the eye movement of the student during the exercises; wherein the rod (3) is intended for holding the device with the hand, as well as for attaching the device to a vertical wall surface. Thus, the table-and-wall trainer is a simple-to-make and easy-to-use compact device that provides the opportunity to conduct classes aimed at working with both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer. The use of the table-and-wall trainer expands the possibilities of classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles due to the fact that, starting from the first classes, the work process is carried out using an external means that facilitates the control of eye movement and training of the eye muscles of the student, and the process of classes itself becomes more interesting and attractive.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, to the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and ophthalmology, and can be used in conducting classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia, as well as for training the eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes aimed at improving visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles.

The process of eye movements is one of the necessary components that ensure the functioning of the human visual analyzer, in the functioning of which the normal functioning of the eye muscles plays an important role.

The visual analyzer is a complex neuroreceptor system that perceives and analyzes visual stimuli. The visual analyzer includes three sections: peripheral (eye), conductive (optic nerve, visual and subcortical nerve formations) and central (visual zone of the cerebral cortex) (Dictionary "Correctional Pedagogy and Special Psychology". Visual analyzer, found on the Internet at https://correction_pedagogy.academic.ru/741/Зрительный_ансалатор).

One of the disorders of the central section of the visual analyzer is visual agnosia, which occurs when the occipital and frontal sections of the cerebral cortex are damaged, as a result of which patients have difficulty perceiving "noisy" images of objects and things, and with more severe damage to the occipital sections of the cerebral cortex, real objects and things.

The process of visual perception has a complex structure and can be disrupted due to damage to its various components.

One of the important components necessary for the normal functioning of visual perception is the process of eye movements that trace the contour of the perceived object or subject, and perform a number of other complex movements during the perception of various objects and subjects (Yarbus A.L. The Role of Eye Movements in the Process of Perceiving Images. Moscow: Nauka, 1965).

In the cerebral cortex there are two oculomotor “centers” that control gaze movements: the posterior “center” is located in the parietal-occipital regions of the cerebral cortex and serves for the reflex regulation of gaze movements, ensuring the act of fixation and tracking of a moving point, and the anterior “center” is located in the middle regions of the premotor zone (Brodmann’s area 8) and is the apparatus that regulates voluntary translation of the eyes and active search movements of the gaze (Luria A.R. Lectures on General Psychology, St. Petersburg: Piter, 2006).

Currently, various methods are used for training in restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia.

Thus, the method of M.G. Khrakovskaya is known, designed to restore the process of eye movements, their optical-motor activity in neurological patients with visual perception disorders. At the early stages of work on this method, tasks are used aimed at restoring eye movements according to automated reading algorithms: from left to right and top to bottom, line by line. Gradually, during the lessons, the volume of visual information and the complexity of the tasks increase. This type of tasks allows you to increase your readiness for perception due to the regulation of movement and fixation of the gaze. Then, tasks are used aimed at identifying and classifying the details of objects according to specified visual features, etc. (Khrakovskaya M.G. Optimization of neuropsychological rehabilitation strategies using the example of restoring visual gnosis.//Neurorehabilitation-2009: Proceedings of the I International Congress. - M., 2009. - P. 48).

The disadvantages of this method when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) this technique is based on the use of automated eye movement algorithms, without the use of any additional external means that make it easier for the patient to control eye movement;

b) this technique provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material.

Also known is the method of L.S. Tsvetkova, designed to restore reading in case of disorder of the process of eye movements. This method is based on the use of an additional external means that controls the patient's gaze and facilitates the implementation of the disordered process of eye movements. As an external means, a special cardboard frame is used, which is placed on a word, leaving the whole word or several of its letters visible, which the patient must read, then the frame gradually moves along the line from word to word, leading the patient's gaze and including in the work his intact kinesthetic sensations (Tsvetkova L.S. Restorative training in local brain damage. Moscow, Pedagogy, 1972).

The disadvantages of this method when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) this technique is intended only for the restoration of eye movements in case of reading process disorders;

b) this technique provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material.

Also known is the method of L.E. Selyavko, designed to restore the impaired process of eye movements based on the use of the "Methodological manual "Linear simulator for group classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements and voluntary attention in neurological patients" (Patent RU 109874 S dated 07/24/2018).

This manual contains sheets of work material in the form of circles sequentially connected by lines, into which one patient writes the letters of words of a phrase, and the other patient reads them, moving his gaze along the lines connecting the circles with the letters inscribed in them, in different directions (horizontal, vertical and diagonal). At the same time, a pointer is used as an external means that facilitates the patient's implementation of the impaired process of eye movements (Selyavko L.E. Neuropsychological manual "Linear simulator for classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements and voluntary attention" Methodical almanac "Neurorehabilitator" No. 1. Moscow: Publishing house "Sputnik +", 2020. - P. 52-55).

The disadvantages of this method when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) this method is intended for conducting group sessions with neurological patients;

b) this technique provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material.

Along with methods based on the use of printed materials, various devices and trainers are used to restore the impaired process of eye movements.

Thus, from the existing level of technology, a device is known: a Trainer for exercises to restore eye movements in patients of a neurological clinic who have a disorder of the visual perception process (Patent RU 153548 U1 dated 27.07.2015).

Structurally, this device is a plastic frame in which a sheet with working material in the form of various images (objects, labyrinths, etc.) is installed, and an eye movement control element (made of metal with magnetic properties) is installed on the surface of the sheet being used, under which a magnet is located.

When using this device, the patient moves the magnet so that the eye movement control element moves along the contours or other parts of the image being used, while tracking its movement with his gaze.

Thus, this device provides the ability to work on restoring the process of eye movements in the plane of the sheet with the working material. However, eye movement is a more complex process, ensuring the implementation of visual perception not only in the plane, but also in real three-dimensional space.

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) this device provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

b) this device helps train the eye muscles that ensure the implementation of eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, but is not intended for training the eye muscles that ensure clear perception of objects located in space at different distances from the patient;

c) the need to use additional materials in the form of sheets with working materials.

Thus, the above-mentioned methods and devices facilitate training of the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, and are not intended to train the eye muscle - the ciliary muscle, which ensures clear perception of objects located in space at different distances from the patient.

The ciliary muscle (ciliary muscle) is an internal muscle of the eye that has a ring-shaped form and provides accommodation for viewing objects at different distances (Wikipedia. Ciliary muscle, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Цилиарная_мыца).

Accommodation is the eye's adaptation to clearly see objects at different distances by focusing the image on the retina. When looking at an object at a close distance, signals are sent to the brain due to its unclear image on the retina. Excitation from the oculomotor nerve is transmitted to the ciliary muscle, which contracts, due to which the ciliary body ring narrows, the tension of the zonule weakens, and the lens, especially its anterior surface, becomes more convex. The refractive power of the eye increases, and the image of a close object becomes clear. When the visual axis of the eye is transferred to a distant object, irritation of the oculomotor nerve ceases, the ciliary muscle relaxes, the ciliary body ring expands, the zonule of Zinn is stretched and the lens takes on a flatter shape (Great Russian Encyclopedia. Accommodation, found on the Internet at https://bigenc.ru/c/akkomodatsiia-aba563?ysclid=m6tfpmbicu886157737).

To train the ciliary muscles of the eyes, various sets of exercises are used, one of which is, for example, the set "Visual exercises for relaxation and training of the ciliary muscle", which includes the following exercises: a) a mark with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm is applied to the window glass, and the practitioner, being at a distance of 30-35 cm from the window glass, must move his gaze from the mark to some object located outside the window at a distance of at least 5 m, and back; b) the practitioner must stretch his hand forward and look at the tip of the index finger, then slowly bring the finger closer to the nose, without taking his eyes off it, until the finger begins to double; c) the practitioner places the finger of his right hand at face level, at a distance of 25-30 cm from the eyes and looks with both eyes at the tip of the finger for 5 s, covering the left eye with his hand for 5 seconds, after which he removes his palm and again looks at the finger with both eyes for 5 seconds, then changes hands. (Ophthalmological Center. Eye exercises - ciliary muscle training, found on the Internet on 06/25/2025 at https://optika-r.ru/zdorove-glaz/uprazhneniya-dlya-glaz-trenirovka-tsiliarnoy-myshtsy/).

The disadvantages of these exercises when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) these exercises are not intended for training in restoring impaired eye movement processes;

b) these exercises provide training only for the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

c) in exercises for fixing the gaze and controlling the process of eye movement of the practitioner, the fingers of the hand are used, which have an elongated cylindrical shape and are not separated from the hand by any clear border, which makes it difficult to concentrate the gaze on them;

d) the difficulty of performing exercises based on concentrating the gaze on a motionless finger of an outstretched hand for neurological patients with hand tremors.

Along with the exercises discussed above, various devices and trainers are also used to train the ciliary muscles of the eyes, using external means to concentrate the gaze and control the process of eye movement of those involved.

Thus, from the existing level of technology, a device called a Trainer for the correction of presbyopia is known (RU 138750 U1 from 20.03.2014).

Structurally, this device is a hollow tube with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 240 mm with a longitudinal slot, while plugs are installed on both sides of the tube, and a ball with a diameter of 12 mm is placed inside it.

When exercising with this device, the practitioner takes the device in his hands and places it perpendicularly at a distance of 15-30 cm from the eyes, so that the ball is visible in the tube slit. By rocking the tube along the longitudinal axis, the patient sets the ball in motion. The ball moves in the direction from the eyes and back, at a speed that the practitioner regulates so as to ensure the convergence of the axes of the eyes and bifixation of the ball as it approaches without discomfort. The closer the distance and the slower the speed of the ball, the more effective the effect on the ciliary muscles.

By continuously monitoring the ball moving forward and backward perpendicularly to the eyes for a short period of time and by using it daily and repeatedly, it has a direct effect on the ciliary muscles, restoring their tone and correcting vision in presbyopia.

Thus, this device provides the ability to train the ciliary muscles of the eyes due to the ability to freely move the ball in the cavity of the tube and track its movement through a longitudinal slit.

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) this device is not intended for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes;

b) this device is intended for training only the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

c) the need to hold the device with both hands, which complicates its use for neurological patients with impaired movement in one hand;

d) the difficulty of using the device for neurological patients with hand tremors, who find it difficult to ensure smooth movement of the ball along the tube.

Also known from the existing level of technology is a device called a Trainer for exercises to restore eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia (Patent RU 160587 U1 dated 03/27/2016).

This device is a handle movably fixed on a flat stand, in the upper and lower parts of which two groups of telescopically connected tubes are placed, while the end of the central tube, located in the lower part of the handle, is connected to the stand, and at the end of the central tube, located in the upper part of the handle, a ball with a diameter of 10-20 mm is fixed, designed to concentrate the gaze and control the process of eye movement of the patient.

During the exercises, this device is placed on the surface of the table, and the ball is raised to a height corresponding to the eye level of the patient, who, holding the handle with one hand, begins to slowly move the ball, tracking its movement with his gaze.

This movement can be carried out in a plane either parallel or perpendicular to the patient’s face, or in a circle with periodic alternation of the direction of rotation.

Along with this, the patient, holding the stand of the device with one hand, smoothly lifts the ball by the handle with the other hand (moving the lower tubes apart) above eye level, after which he also lowers it below eye level, as a result of which vertical movements are added to the trajectory of the movement of the control element.

Thus, this device provides the ability to continuously track a ball with the gaze, performing complex movements in three spatial coordinates.

At the same time, this device provides the ability to perform a number of exercises based on concentrating the gaze on a stationary ball when the device is placed on the surface of the table and is not held by the patient by the handle.

An important feature of this device is that it provides the ability to work aimed at both restoring the process of eye movements (implemented under the control of the oculomotor “centers” of the brain, which are part of the central section of the visual analyzer), and work aimed at training the eye muscles (which are part of the peripheral section of the visual analyzer).

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) the need to hold the handle with one hand and the stand with the other, which complicates its use for neurological patients with impaired movement of one of the hands;

b) the ability to perform only relatively simple movements with the ball: left-right, up-down, perpendicular to the eyes, in a circle;

c) the structural complexity of the device, which includes a significant number of metal elements.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned devices, training devices and manuals, a table-and-wall training device has been developed for training in restoring the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles (hereinafter referred to as the table-and-wall training device), which is an easy-to-use compact device that provides the ability to conduct training aimed at both restoring the process of eye movements (implemented under the control of the oculomotor "centers" of the brain, included in the central section of the visual analyzer), and training aimed at training the eye muscles (included in the peripheral section of the visual analyzer).

The term "tabletop" means "placed on a table, intended to stand on a table" (Wiktionary. Tabletop, found on the Internet at https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/настовый).

The term "wall-mounted" means "located on a wall, or intended to be placed on a wall" (Wiktionary: Wall-mounted, found on the Internet at https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/наестный).

The term "table-top and wall-mounted" means a combination of the functions designated by the terms "table-top" and "wall-mounted" in the design features of the declared device, providing the possibility of its placement and use both in the table-top and wall-mounted positions. As a result, it belongs to the type of table-top and wall-mounted devices, which includes, for example, the table-top and wall-mounted household blower fan "EFIR" (Website of the Russian State Library. Table-top and wall-mounted household blower fan "EFIR", found on 25.06.2025 on the Internet at https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01009939196)

Thus, the main feature of the table-and-wall exercise machine is that its location both during storage and during exercise can be the surface of the work table or a place on the vertical surface of the wall, convenient for its use during certain exercises, which ensures:

a) the ability to perform a number of exercises based on concentrating the gaze on the element that controls eye movement, without the person exercising holding the device;

b) the ability to perform a number of exercises based on moving the device along the horizontal surface of the table;

c) a device located on a horizontal surface of a work desk or on a vertical surface of a wall periodically comes into the owner’s field of vision (attention), reminding him of the need to conduct classes with it.

The term "in the field of view" means "to be noticeable, visible to someone" (Website "Orfogrammka". In the field of attention - vision, found on the Internet at https://orfogrammka.ru/blog/interesting/in-the-field-of-attention-of-vision/).

Thus, the table-and-wall trainer, along with its main function, which consists in providing the opportunity to conduct classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles, also performs the function of a “reminder”, which consists in the fact that, being located on the desktop or on the wall surface, and falling into the field of vision (attention) of its owner, it reminds of the need to conduct restorative or training classes with him and thereby encourages him to conduct these classes.

The term "reminder" is understood to mean "something that serves to remind of something" (Wiktionary. Reminder, found on the Internet at https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/напоминалька).

A reminder is a simple and wonderful means of external memory that people have used since time immemorial to remember something and not to forget it in time. Our ancestors made themselves knots as a keepsake. You tie a knot - you remember. You see a knot - you remember. The main rule for effective reminders is the same as for effective reminders - they must appear in your field of view in time (Website "Psychologos". Kozlov N.I. Reminders, found 06/25/2025 on the Internet at https://psychologos.ru/articles/view/napominalki).

The tasks that the utility model is aimed at solving are:

a) the versatility of the table-and-wall simulator, which provides the possibility of conducting exercises aimed at both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer, which allows it to be used in various areas of medical rehabilitation;

b) ensuring the possibility of placing and using the device both in a tabletop and wall-mounted position;

c) providing the opportunity to conduct classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia;

d) providing the opportunity to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer;

d) providing the opportunity to train the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with dysfunction of the eye muscles;

e) the possibility of a fixed position of the eye movement control element, allowing for classes to be held with neurological patients with hand tremors and facilitating the performance of a number of exercises aimed at training the eye muscles;

g) providing the ability to perform exercises with a table-and-wall exercise machine based on moving it along the horizontal surface of the work table;

c) increasing the range of motion of the eye movement control element to improve the effectiveness and variety of exercises to restore eye movements and more effectively train the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

i) ensuring the ability of the eye movement control element to perform a variety of movements along trajectories of varying degrees of complexity in three spatial coordinates;

k) ensuring the ability to hold the table-and-wall exercise machine during exercise with one hand or without holding it with your hands;

l) providing the opportunity to conduct independent studies using a table-and-wall simulator;

m) compactness of the table-and-wall exercise machine, which has a vertical design that takes up minimal space on the horizontal surface of the work table or on the vertical surface of the wall;

n) the simplicity of the design of the table-and-wall simulator, which facilitates its wide implementation in the practical sphere.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is an expansion of the arsenal of devices intended for work aimed at both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer, implemented due to the design elements and compactness of the claimed desktop and wall-mounted trainer, providing the possibility of conducting classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including patients with hand tremors and impaired movement of one of the hands, as well as classes on training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes on training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the table-and-wall exercise machine is a device consisting of a plastic base, in the center of the upper side of which there is a protrusion with a through round hole, into which a cylindrical rod is installed with the possibility of fixation and movement, at the upper end of which there is a control element designed to concentrate the gaze and control the movement of the eyes of the exerciser during the exercise; at the same time, the rod is designed to hold the device with the hand, as well as to attach the device to the vertical surface of the wall.

In the preferred embodiment of the table-and-wall exercise machine, the control element is made in the form of a three-dimensional geometric figure.

In the preferred embodiment of the table-and-wall exercise machine, the control element is made in the form of a flat geometric figure.

In the preferred embodiment of the table-and-wall exercise machine, the control element is made in the form of an object.

In the preferred embodiment of the table-and-wall simulator, the control element is made in the form of an image of an object.

In the preferred embodiment of the table-and-wall exercise machine, the control element is designed in the form of a symbol.

The essence of the utility model of a table-and-wall trainer for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles, is explained by drawings that depict:

Fig. 1 - general view of the table-and-wall exercise machine;

Fig. 2 - bottom view of the table-and-wall exercise machine;

Fig. 3 shows a table-and-wall exercise machine mounted on a vertical wall surface.

The table-and-wall exercise machine (Fig. 1, 2) is a device consisting of a plastic base (1) in the center of the upper side of which there is a projection (2) with a through round hole, into which a cylindrical rod (3) is installed with the possibility of fixation and movement, at the upper end of which there is a control element (4), designed for concentrating the gaze and controlling the eye movement of the person exercising (a patient with an eye movement disorder or visual acuity, as well as a person training vision) during the performance of exercises; in this case, the rod (3) is designed to hold the device with the hand of the person exercising, as well as to attach the device to a vertical wall surface (Fig. 3).

The term "rod" refers to an elongated object that is usually the center or axis of something (Wiktionary: Rod, found on the Internet at https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/стрежень).

The term “gaze” refers to the direction, the focus of the eyes towards someone or something (Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova. Gaze, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/die.nsf/efremova/146522/Gaze).

The dimensions of this particular tabletop and wall exercise machine listed below are not intended to limit the scope of legal protection, as they may change during the course of its creation.

The thickness of the base (1) is 3-10 mm, and its lower side has a flat, smooth surface, which ensures the possibility of a stable position of the table-and-wall exercise machine on a horizontal table surface and the possibility of moving it by the hand of the person exercising along the surface of the table.

The rod (3) of the table-and-wall exercise machine has a round cross-section, and its diameter can be from 7 to 15 millimeters or more, and the length can be from 50 to 250 millimeters or more.

The base (1) of the table-and-wall exercise machine can be made in the form of a circle or in the form of a regular polygon.

The term "polygon" refers to a geometric figure defined as a part of a plane bounded by a closed broken line. A polygon with three vertices is called a triangle, with four - a quadrilateral, with five - a pentagon, etc. A polygon is called regular if all its sides and all angles are equal (Wikipedia. Polygon, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Погогород).

If the base (1) is made in the form of a circle, its diameter can be 20 to 50 millimeters or more.

If the base (1) is made in the form of a regular polygon, then the diameter of the circle described around this polygon (triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, etc.) can be from 30 to 60 millimeters or more.

On the lower surface of the base (1) a fabric or pads made of low-friction plastic (e.g. fluoroplastic) may be additionally secured (e.g. by means of an adhesive bond) to facilitate the movement of the Table-and-Wall Exercise Machine along the horizontal surface of the table. However, this fabric or pad is not a mandatory element of the design of the Table-and-Wall Exercise Machine.

The projection (2) has a cylindrical or other shape and is made in the center of the upper surface of the base (1), perpendicular to this surface, and the through hole has a round shape and passes through the projection (2) and the base (1).

The diameter of the through hole depends on the outer diameter of the rod (3) and is determined based on the fact that the diameter of the through hole should ensure the fixation of the rod in the protrusion (2) of the base (1) due to the friction force, while allowing the movement of the rod (3), which can protrude (by 25-40 mm) beyond the lower surface of the base (1) to ensure the possibility of attaching the table-and-wall exercise machine to a vertical wall surface by installing the protruding part of the rod (3) in a round recess made in the wall.

For additional fixation of the lower part of the rod (3) in the opening of the projection (2) of the device, a latch (not shown in the figures) can be used, which includes a small flange on the outer surface of the lower part of the rod (3) and a corresponding groove on the inner surface of the opening of the projection (2). However, this latch is not a mandatory element of the design of the table-and-wall exercise machine.

The term "latch" refers to "a locking part in some mechanism or device" (Wiktionary. Latch, found on the Internet at https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/заслика).

The rod (3) installed in the hole of the projection (2) can be made of plastic or light metal (e.g. aluminum) and can be solid or hollow. If it is hollow, its wall thickness is 1.5-3 mm.

The installation of the rod (3) into the hole of the protrusion (2) of the base (1) of the Table-and-Wall Exercise Machine is carried out at the manufacturer.

Thus, the table-and-wall exercise machine is a device that is an "assembly unit" - a product whose components are subject to connection to each other at the manufacturing plant by assembly operations, and which consists of parts that are in structural and functional unity (clause 2.5.17 and clause 2.5.20 of the Guidelines for the implementation of administrative procedures and actions within the framework of the provision of the state service for state registration of a utility model and the issuance of a patent for a utility model. Approved by order of Rospatent No. 233 dated 12/26/2018).

For more convenient holding of the declared device during training, notches can be made on the surface of the rod (3) (not shown in the figures). However, these notches are not a mandatory element of the design of the table-and-wall exercise machine.

At the upper end of the rod (3) there is a control element (4) designed to concentrate the gaze and control the eye movement of the person practicing (a patient with impaired eye movement or visual acuity, as well as a person training vision) during the performance of exercises aimed at restoring the impaired process of eye movement or training the eye muscles.

The control element (4) is fastened to the upper end of the rod (3) by means of, for example, a threaded connection: a) when the control element (4) is screwed onto an external thread made on the upper end of the rod (3), if it has a circular cross-section, in which case a projection with an internal thread may be made on the control element (4); b) when the control element has a projection with an external thread intended for screwing into an internal thread made in a recess on the upper end of the rod.

The control element (4) can also be attached to the upper end of the rod (3) in any other way, for example, by means of an adhesive connection.

In addition, the rod (3) with the control element (4) can be made as a single integral structure made of plastic or metal. The control element (4) can be made in the form of:

a) a three-dimensional geometric figure, for example, a sphere, a polyhedron (dodecahedron, icosahedron, spherical polyhedron), etc.;

b) a flat geometric figure, for example, a circle, a polygon (hexagon, octagon), etc.;

c) a three-dimensional object, such as an apple, a flower, etc.;

d) a flat image of an object, for example, an image of an apple, an image of a flower, etc.;

d) a symbol, for example, a number, letter, hieroglyph, etc.;

e) any other object that provides the ability to concentrate the gaze and control the eye movement of the student during the course of the lesson.

The term "polyhedron" refers to a closed surface made up of polygons. There are different types of polyhedrons, for example, a dodecahedron is a twelve-sided polyhedron, an icosahedron is a twenty-sided polyhedron, etc. (Wikipedia. Polyhedron, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Многогранник).

The term "spherical polyhedron" refers to a tessellation on a sphere in which the surface is divided by large arcs into bounded regions called spherical polygons. The best-known example of a spherical polyhedron is the soccer ball (Wikipedia. Spherical polyhedron, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphericalpolyhedron).

The term "object" is understood as any specific material phenomenon perceived by the senses and thinking as something that exists separately. To see an object. Animate, inanimate object. To discover an object, etc. (Website Academician. Encyclopedic Dictionary. Object, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/45885/подмен).

The term "symbol" refers to a separate graphic sign in writing, such as a letter, number, etc. (Wiktionary. Symbol, found on the Internet at https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/symbol).

If the control element (4) is made in the form of a ball, its diameter can be 15-50 mm.

If the control element (4) is made in the form of some other three-dimensional geometric figure or in the form of an object, then its length, width and height are within 15-50 mm.

The control element (4) can be made of plastic (transparent, translucent or opaque), rubber, wood, metal or any other material.

The outer surface of the control element (4) can be matte or shiny.

In this case, a coating of any color or a coating in the form of a combination of several different colors can be applied to the outer surface of the control element (4). Also, various graphic elements in the form of dots, lines, geometric figures, symbols (letters, numbers), etc., which can be located in an arbitrary order, or in accordance with the appearance of any object or item, for example, a soccer ball, can be applied to the outer surface of the control element (4).

If the control element (4) is made in the form of a three-dimensional geometric figure or object, it can be monolithic or hollow.

If the control element (4) is made of plastic in the form of a three-dimensional geometric figure or object and is hollow, it can be additionally equipped with internal lighting consisting of a light-emitting diode installed inside it and a battery (like a "tablet"), as well as a switch located, for example, in the center of its upper part. In this case, the lighting of the control element (4) is not a mandatory element of the design of the table-and-wall exercise machine.

To mount the table-and-wall exercise machine on a vertical wall surface (Fig. 3), a recess in the wall is used, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the rod (3), and the depth is 30-45 mm.

The lower end of the rod (3) is fixed in this recess by the friction force between the inner surface of the recess and the outer surface of the rod (3). In this case, the lower surface of the base (1) is adjacent to the vertical surface of the wall, contributing to the fact that the rod (3) is located perpendicular to the wall in a horizontal position.

For better fixation of the lower part of the rod (3) in the wall recess, an insert (not shown in the figures) in the form of a tube, the inner diameter of which corresponds to the outer diameter of the rod (3), can be installed and secured. However, this insert is not a mandatory element of the table-and-wall exercise machine design.

Thus, the table-and-wall exercise machine can easily change its location during training from wall-mounted to table-mounted and back, since, thanks to its design elements, it can be easily fixed to a vertical wall surface, and then, if necessary, installed on a horizontal surface of a work table.

At the same time, the design elements of the declared table-and-wall trainer provide the ability to perform three groups of exercises aimed at restoring the impaired process of eye movements or training the eye muscles:

The first group of exercises is based on the fact that the table-and-wall exercise machine is placed on the horizontal surface of the work table or is attached to the vertical surface of the wall in a convenient place for the person exercising, who, looking at the control element (4), makes various smooth movements of the head (left and right, up and down, in a circle, etc.) without taking his eyes off the control element (4).

The second group of exercises is based on the fact that the table-and-wall trainer is placed on the horizontal surface of the work table, and the person exercising smoothly moves it along the surface of the table in various directions (left and right, in a circle, etc.), tracking the movements of the control element (4) with his gaze.

The third group of exercises is based on the fact that the person exercising performs various movements with the control element (4) in three coordinates of space, holding the table-and-wall exercise machine with the hand by the rod (3).

At the same time, the structural elements of the table-and-wall exercise machine provide:

a) ensuring the possibility of placing and using the device both in a tabletop position (on the horizontal surface of the desktop) and in a wall-mounted position (on the vertical surface of the wall);

b) the ability to perform a variety of exercises based on the static position of the control element (4);

c) the ability to perform a variety of exercises based on the movement of the control element (4) along various trajectories of any degree of complexity in three spatial coordinates;

d) the possibility of conducting classes with neurological patients with hand tremors and impaired movement of one of the hands due to the fact that work with a table-and-wall trainer can be carried out without using hands, or by holding it with one hand while resting on the surface of the table;

d) the compact design of the table-and-wall exercise machine, which does not take up much space on the work desk or on the vertical surface of the wall.

Work with the device table-and-wall trainer for training in restoring the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles is carried out using methods determined by the tasks of the restorative or training sessions.

To transfer the table-and-wall exercise machine to the wall position, the rod (3) is moved so that its end protrudes 10-15 mm beyond the lower surface of the base (1), after which the protruding end of the rod (3) is inserted into the recess in the wall, and with a little force is pushed further into the recess, ensuring reliable fastening of the device to the vertical surface of the wall.

To transfer the table-and-wall exercise machine to the tabletop position, the device is removed from the recess in the wall by the rod (3), after which the rod (3) is moved so that its end does not protrude beyond the surface of the base (1), and the device can be stably positioned on the horizontal surface of the work table.

Restoration of the eye movement process in patients with visual agnosia

The relevance of using a table-and-wall trainer during classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia is due to the fact that most existing trainers and manuals provide the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, in contrast to which the table-and-wall trainer provides the ability to restore eye movements in real three-dimensional space.

Classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia are conducted under the guidance of a neuropsychologist or other specialist in this field.

When conducting a course of exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, the specialist shows the patient various groups of exercises, teaching him how to independently use a table-and-wall trainer.

A set of exercises for restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia includes the three groups of exercises discussed above, based on the use of a table-and-wall simulator.

The first group of exercises is based on the fact that the table-and-wall exercise machine is in a table or wall position, and the person exercising, looking at the control element (4), makes various smooth head movements without taking his eyes off the control element (4). In this case, the head movements should be comfortable for the patient, without requiring any effort from him.

The first exercise consists of the patient, fixing his gaze on the control element (4), making smooth movements with his head to the left and right, up and down, etc.

The second exercise consists of the patient, fixing his gaze on the control element (4), performing more complex movements with his head, for example, in a circle (clockwise and counterclockwise), along the contour of a conditional horizontally oriented figure eight (clockwise and counterclockwise).

The second group of exercises is based on the fact that the table-and-wall exercise machine is in a tabletop position, and the patient, holding the rod (3) with his hand, smoothly moves it along the surface of the table, tracking the movements of the control element (4) with his gaze.

The first exercise involves the patient moving the table-and-wall exerciser along the table surface to the left and to the right, tracking the movements of the control element (4) with his/her gaze. The movements should be smooth and calm, and the maximum deviations of the control element (4) should be comfortable for the patient (this also applies to other types of exercises).

The second exercise involves the patient moving the Table-Wall Exerciser along the surface of the table perpendicular to the center of his face using rectilinear movements (directed away from the face and towards the face), tracking the movements of the control element (4) with his gaze.

The third exercise involves the patient moving the table-and-wall exercise machine along the surface of the table along more complex trajectories, for example in a circle (clockwise and counterclockwise), while tracking the movements of the control element (4) with his gaze.

The third group of exercises is based on the patient performing various movements with the control element (4) in three-dimensional space, tracking its movements with his gaze.

In this case, the movements of the control element (4) are carried out by the user, who holds the table-and-wall exercise machine by the rod (3), which can remain inserted into the hole in the protrusion (2) of the base (1) or be removed from it.

The first exercise consists of the patient performing movements with the control element (4) in space perpendicular to his face by performing movements along various trajectories from the face and towards the face, tracking the movements of the control element (4) with his gaze.

The second exercise includes more complex trajectories of movements of the control element (4), for example, movements along the contour of an imaginary ball or any other three-dimensional figure, with the gaze tracking the movement of the control element (4).

The above-described exercises using a table-and-wall trainer are complex and are gradually included into the training process by a specialist, taking into account the degree of impairment of the patient's eye movement process and the ability to perform certain head and eye movements.

In addition to the above exercises, the table-and-wall machine can be used to perform various other exercises.

Eye muscle training to prevent vision problems

The relevance of using a desktop-wall trainer for training eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment is due to the fact that currently work, study and other activities of most people are associated with a computer, the active use of which contributes to the emergence of computer vision syndrome.

Visual performance and visual fatigue of a computer user are closely related to the state of his accommodation (the ability of the visual apparatus to focus the gaze on objects located at different distances) and convergence (the convergence of the visual axes of both eyes on a fixed object) of the eye. The basis for the development of computer vision syndrome is the mechanism of overstrain of the accommodative apparatus of the eye. Due to the fact that text on electronic media is not presented in the form of solid lines, but consists of separate dots and pixels, images on electronic media and paper differ greatly and the eyes are not able to maintain focus. This leads to disruption of the work and uneven contraction of the muscle that provides accommodation (ciliary muscle) and the development of accommodation spasm (A.I. Oleynik. Computer vision syndrome, found on 06/25/2025 on the Internet at https://gkb-23.ru/tag/elektrostimulyatsiya-tsiliamoj-myshtsy/).

One of the ways to combat computer vision syndrome is visual gymnastics, based on regular performance of a set of exercises to relieve eye strain: a) look alternately to the right and left, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; b) look alternately up and down, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; c) perform circular eye movements, first clockwise, then counterclockwise; d) open and close your eyes quite intensively; d) look alternately diagonally up to the right and down to the left, up to the left and down to the right, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; e) bring the index finger of the hand closer to the nose, focusing the gaze on the tip of the finger, thus bringing the eyes to the nose and fixing the gaze for 1-2 seconds (Daria Lebedinets. How working at a computer affects vision, found on 06/25/2025 on the Internet at https://oft.nika-nn.m/articles/kak-rabota-za-kompyuterom-vliyaet-na-zrenie/).

The developed table-and-wall trainer facilitates the performance of this and similar sets of exercises based on eye movements, making their performance more convenient and comfortable due to the presence of a control element (4), which the trainee follows with his gaze during the performance of these exercises.

In this case, the use of a table-and-wall simulator is particularly relevant for conducting visual gymnastics for neurological patients during classes on restoring impaired mental functions using computer technologies, which are widely used in the practice of neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with organic brain damage (Selyavko L.E., Tsvetkova L.S. Computer technologies in rehabilitation training. Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 14, Psychology. 2006. No. 2. Pp. 71-78).

This is due to the fact that the visual system of neurological patients is more susceptible to the effects of a computer monitor and therefore needs more rest and preventive training.

The use of a table-and-wall trainer during exercises aimed at training the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment is carried out through visual gymnastics exercises to overcome computer vision syndrome and various exercises similar to the exercises described above aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia.

At the same time, the main differences between classes aimed at training the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment in computer vision syndrome and classes aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia are:

a) shorter classes, conducted more regularly;

b) the use of additional exercises that promote better eye function: blinking, eye massage, etc.;

c) a slight increase in the number of exercises that promote training of the ciliary muscle, during which the control element (4) moves along different trajectories, moving away from and approaching the person’s face.

All exercises based on the use of a table-and-wall trainer should be performed slowly, smoothly, without straining the eye muscles.

Along with exercises aimed at training the eye muscles to prevent vision impairment when working on a computer, the desktop-and-wall trainer can be effectively used to prevent vision impairment during any other work or study associated with prolonged concentration of gaze on objects located at a close distance from the eyes, for example, when reading books, writing on a sheet of paper, drawing, etc.

Eye muscle training to improve visual acuity

The relevance of using a table-and-wall trainer for training the eye muscles in order to improve visual acuity is due to the fact that various diseases associated with dysfunction of the eye muscles have become widespread at present, the most common of which include myopia and presbyopia.

Eye muscle training sessions to improve visual acuity are conducted under the guidance of an ophthalmologist or other specialist in this field.

Currently, various methods are known that help improve visual acuity by performing special visual gymnastics, which includes a set of exercises aimed at restoring the tone of the eye muscles and improving the condition of the visual apparatus. Regular performance of these exercises helps relieve tension, saturate the eye tissue with oxygen. Thanks to visual gymnastics, visual acuity improves, tension in the frontal lobe of the head passes, and the tear ducts are stimulated. This visual gymnastics includes a blinking exercise, which improves blood circulation; an eye squeeze exercise, which helps relieve tension; eyelid massage, which improves the circulation of ocular fluid, etc. This complex also includes exercises that involve "drawing" with the eyes images of the "eight", arrows in different directions, the letter "S", etc. It is recommended to print these images on a sheet of paper and use them during the exercises as eye movement trajectories (Ophthalmological Clinic. V.A. Parshina. Exercises for vision restoration, found on 06/25/2025 on the Internet at https://www.sfe.ru/info/stati/uprazhneniya-dlya-vosstanovleniya-zreni/).

The developed table-and-wall trainer facilitates the performance of this and similar sets of exercises based on eye movement, making their performance more convenient and comfortable due to the presence of a control element (4), which the trainee follows with his gaze during the performance of these exercises.

The use of a table-and-wall trainer during exercises aimed at training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity is carried out through visual gymnastics exercises to improve visual acuity, and various exercises similar to the exercises described above aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia and exercises for training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment.

The main difference between training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity and training to prevent visual impairment is:

a) increasing the duration of classes;

b) increasing the number of additional exercises aimed at relieving tension, improving blood circulation in the eye, etc.;

c) increasing the number of exercises that promote training of the ciliary muscle, during which the control element (4) moves along different trajectories, moving away from and approaching the person’s face.

Along with exercises aimed at restoring eye movements and training eye muscles, the table-and-wall trainer can be effectively used:

a) when conducting corrective and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of the eye movement process;

b) when conducting classes with children to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, as well as classes to improve visual acuity in cases of myopia;

c) when conducting classes with neurological patients with alexia, whose reading difficulties are caused by a disorder of the eye movement process, therefore, the above-described set of exercises for restoring impaired eye movements is performed with these patients;

d) when conducting classes with neurological patients with unilateral visual-spatial agnosia, in which the perception of objects in the left visual field is impaired, therefore, the above-described exercises for restoring eye movements are performed with these patients, based on the fact that the patient follows the movement of the control element, which periodically goes beyond the visual field perceived by the patient;

d) when conducting classes with neurological patients who have a disorder of voluntary attention, due to the fact that the activity of tracking the movements of the control element will contribute to improving concentration.

Thus, the table-and-wall trainer is a simple-to-manufacture and easy-to-use compact tabletop device that provides the ability to conduct training aimed at working with both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer.

The use of a table-and-wall trainer expands the possibilities of training in restoring the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles due to the fact that, starting from the first lessons, the work process is carried out using an external tool that facilitates the control of eye movements and training the eye muscles, and the training process itself becomes more interesting and attractive.

Claims (6)

1. A table-and-wall trainer for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles, characterized in that it is a device consisting of a plastic base, in the center of the upper side of which there is a protrusion with a through round hole, into which a cylindrical rod is installed with the possibility of fixation and movement, at the upper end of which there is a control element designed to concentrate the gaze and control the movement of the eyes of the student during the exercise; in this case, the rod is designed to hold the device with the hand, as well as to attach the device to a vertical wall surface. 2. A table-and-wall exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of a three-dimensional geometric figure. 3. A table-and-wall exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of a flat geometric figure. 4. A table-and-wall exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of an object. 5. A table-and-wall exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of an image of an object. 6. A table-and-wall exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of a symbol.