RU236701U1 - Light trainer for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training eye muscles - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine, to the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and ophthalmology, and can be used in rehabilitation departments of neurological clinics when conducting classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia, as well as for training the eye muscles in order to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer and classes aimed at improving visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles. The utility model is a device consisting of a plastic cylindrical handle (1), in the upper part of which a plastic connecting tube (2) is fixed, at the end of which a plastic holder (3) is fixed, in which artificial light sources (4) are installed, intended for illuminating from the inside a hollow control element (5) fixed in the upper part of the holder (3), which is made of white plastic, providing uniform dispersion of light radiation from artificial light sources (4); wherein the handle (1) contains a switch (6) and buttons (7), and inside the handle (1) there is a microcontroller and a battery, wherein the artificial light sources (4) are electrically connected to the microcontroller, which is electrically connected to the buttons (7), and through the switch (6) - to the battery; wherein the buttons (7) are intended to set the operating mode of the artificial light sources (4), the handle (1) is intended to hold the device with the hand, and the control element (5) is intended to fix the gaze and control the eye movement of the person exercising. Thus, the light trainer is a simple-to-manufacture and easy-to-use compact device designed for work aimed at both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer, and providing the opportunity to conduct classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including patients with various eye diseases, with impaired movement of one of the hands and bedridden neurological patients, as well as classes on training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes on training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, to the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and ophthalmology, and can be used in rehabilitation departments of neurological clinics when conducting classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia, as well as for training the eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes aimed at improving visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles.

The process of eye movements is one of the necessary components that ensure the functioning of the human visual analyzer, in the functioning of which the normal functioning of the eye muscles plays an important role.

The visual analyzer is a complex neuroreceptor system that perceives and analyzes visual stimuli. The visual analyzer includes three sections: peripheral (eye), conductive (optic nerve, visual and subcortical nerve formations) and central (visual zone of the cerebral cortex) (Dictionary of Correctional Pedagogy and Special Psychology. Visual analyzer, found on the Internet at http://correction_pedagogy.academic.ru/741/Зрительный_ансалатор).

One of the disorders of the central part of the visual analyzer is visual agnosia, which occurs when the occipital and frontal parts of the cerebral cortex are damaged, as a result of which patients have difficulty perceiving “noisy” images of objects and things, and with more severe damage to the occipital parts of the cerebral cortex, real objects and things.

The process of visual perception has a complex structure and can be disrupted due to damage to its various components.

One of the important components necessary for the normal functioning of visual perception is the process of eye movements that trace the contour of the perceived object or subject, and perform a number of other complex movements during the perception of various objects and subjects (Yarbus A.L. The Role of Eye Movements in the Process of Perceiving Images. Moscow: Nauka, 1965).

In the cerebral cortex there are two oculomotor “centers” that control gaze movements: the posterior “center” is located in the parietal-occipital regions of the cerebral cortex and serves for the reflex regulation of gaze movements, ensuring the act of fixation and tracking of a moving point, and the anterior “center” is located in the middle regions of the premotor zone (Brodmann’s area 8) and is the apparatus that regulates voluntary translation of the eyes and active search movements of the gaze (Luria A.R. Lectures on General Psychology, St. Petersburg: Piter, 2006).

Currently, various methods are used for training in restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia.

Thus, the method of M.G. Khrakovskaya is known, designed to restore the process of eye movements, their optical-motor activity in neurological patients with visual perception disorders. At the early stages of work on this method, tasks are used aimed at restoring eye movements according to automated reading algorithms: from left to right and top to bottom, line by line. Gradually, during the lessons, the volume of visual information and the complexity of the tasks increase. This type of tasks allows you to increase your readiness for perception due to the regulation of movement and fixation of the gaze. Then, tasks are used aimed at identifying and classifying the details of objects according to specified visual features, etc. (Khrakovskaya M.G. Optimization of neuropsychological rehabilitation strategies using the example of restoring visual gnosis.//Neurorehabilitation-2009: Proceedings of the I International Congress. - M., 2009. - P. 48).

The disadvantages of this method when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) this technique is based on the use of automated eye movement algorithms, without the use of any additional external means that make it easier for the patient to control eye movement;

b) this technique provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material.

Also known is the method of L.S. Tsvetkova, designed to restore reading in case of disorder of the process of eye movements. This method is based on the use of an additional external means that controls the patient's gaze and facilitates the implementation of the disordered process of eye movements. As an external means, a special cardboard frame is used, which is placed on a word, leaving the whole word or several of its letters visible, which the patient must read, then the frame gradually moves along the line from word to word, leading the patient's gaze and including in the work his intact kinesthetic sensations (Tsvetkova L.S. Restorative training in local brain damage. Moscow, Pedagogy, 1972).

The disadvantages of this method when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) this technique is intended only for the restoration of eye movements in case of reading process disorders;

b) this technique provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material.

Also known is the method of L.E. Selyavko, designed to restore the impaired process of eye movements based on the use of the “Methodological manual “Linear simulator for group classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements and voluntary attention in neurological patients” (Patent RU 109874 S dated 07/24/2018).

This manual contains sheets with working material in the form of circles sequentially connected by lines, in which one patient writes letters of words of a phrase, and the other patient reads them, moving his gaze along the lines connecting the circles with the letters inscribed in them. Thus, this manual provides the opportunity to perform exercises aimed at implementing the process of eye movements in different directions: horizontal, vertical and diagonal. At the same time, a pointer is used as an external means that facilitates the patient's implementation of the impaired process of eye movements (Selyavko L.E. Neuropsychological manual "Linear simulator for classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements and voluntary attention" Methodical almanac "Neurorehabilitator" No. 1. M .: Publishing house "Sputnik +", 2020. - P. 52-55).

The disadvantages of this method when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) this method is intended for conducting group sessions with neurological patients;

b) this technique provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material.

Along with methods based on the use of printed materials, various devices and trainers are used to restore the impaired process of eye movements.

Thus, from the existing level of technology, a device is known called “A simulator for exercises to restore eye movements in patients of a neurological clinic with a disorder of the visual perception process” (Patent RU 153548 U1 dated 27.07.2015).

Structurally, this device is a plastic frame in which a sheet with working material in the form of various images (objects, labyrinths, etc.) is installed, and an eye movement control element (made of metal with magnetic properties) is installed on the surface of the sheet being used, under which a magnet is located.

When using this device, the patient moves the magnet so that the eye movement control element moves along the contours or other parts of the image being used, while tracking its movement with his gaze.

Thus, this device provides the ability to work on restoring the process of eye movements in the plane of the sheet with the working material. However, eye movement is a more complex process, ensuring the implementation of visual perception not only in the plane, but also in real three-dimensional space.

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) this device provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

b) this device helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, but is not intended to train the eye muscles that ensure the clear perception of objects located in space at different distances from the patient;

c) the need to use additional materials in the form of sheets with working materials.

Thus, the above-mentioned methods and devices facilitate training of the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, and are not intended to train the eye muscle - the ciliary muscle, which ensures the clarity of perception of objects located in space at different distances from the patient.

The ciliary muscle (ciliary muscle) is an internal muscle of the eye that has a ring-shaped form and provides accommodation for viewing objects at different distances (Wikipedia. Ciliary muscle, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Цилиарная_мыца).

Accommodation is the eye's adaptation to clearly see objects at different distances by focusing the image on the retina. When looking at an object at a close distance, signals are sent to the brain due to its unclear image on the retina. Excitation from the oculomotor nerve is transmitted to the ciliary muscle, which contracts, due to which the ciliary body ring narrows, the tension of the zonule weakens, and the lens, especially its anterior surface, becomes more convex. The refractive power of the eye increases, and the image of a close object becomes clear. When the visual axis of the eye is transferred to a distant object, irritation of the oculomotor nerve ceases, the ciliary muscle relaxes, the ciliary body ring expands, the zonule of Zinn is stretched and the lens takes on a flatter shape (Great Russian Encyclopedia. Accommodation, found on the Internet at https://bigenc.ra/c/akkomodatsiia-aba563?ysclid=m6tfpmbicu886157737).

To train the ciliary muscles of the eyes, various sets of exercises are used, one of which is, for example, the set "Visual exercises for relaxation and training of the ciliary muscle", which includes the following exercises: a) a mark with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm is applied to the window glass, and the practitioner, being at a distance of 30-35 cm from the window glass, must move his gaze from the mark to some object located outside the window at a distance of at least 5 meters, and back; b) the practitioner must stretch his hand forward and look at the tip of the index finger, then slowly bring the finger closer to the nose, without taking his eyes off it, until the finger begins to double; c) the practitioner places the finger of his right hand at face level, at a distance of 25-30 cm from the eyes and looks with both eyes at the tip of the finger for 5 seconds, covering the left eye with his hand for 5 seconds, after which he removes his palm and again looks at the finger with both eyes for 5 seconds, then changes hands. (Website "Optika-r/ru". Eye exercises - training the ciliary muscle, found on the Internet on 04/15/2025 at https://optika-r.ru/zdorove-glaz/uprazhneniya-dlya-glaz-trenirovka-tsiliarnoy-myshtsy/).

The disadvantages of these exercises when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) these exercises are not intended for training in restoring impaired eye movement processes;

b) these exercises provide training only for the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

c) in exercises for fixing the gaze and controlling the process of eye movement of the practitioner, the fingers of the hand are used, which have an elongated cylindrical shape and are not separated from the hand by any clear boundary, which makes it difficult to fix the gaze on them.

Along with the exercises discussed above, various devices and trainers are also used to train the ciliary muscles of the eyes, using external means to fix the gaze and control the process of eye movement of those involved.

Thus, from the existing level of technology, the device “Trainer for the correction of presbyopia” is known (RU 138750 U1 from 20.03.2014).

Structurally, this device is a hollow tube with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 240 mm with a longitudinal slot, while plugs are installed on both sides of the tube, and a ball with a diameter of 12 mm is placed inside it.

When exercising with this device, the practitioner takes the device in his hands and places it perpendicularly at a distance of 15-30 cm from the eyes, so that the ball is visible in the tube slit. By rocking the tube along the longitudinal axis, the patient sets the ball in motion. The ball moves in the direction from the eyes and back, at a speed that the practitioner regulates so as to ensure the convergence of the axes of the eyes and bifixation of the ball as it approaches without discomfort. The closer the distance and the slower the speed of the ball, the more effective the effect on the ciliary muscles.

By continuously monitoring the ball moving forward and backward perpendicularly to the eyes for a short period of time, and by using it daily and repeatedly, it has a direct effect on the ciliary muscles, restoring their tone and correcting vision in presbyopia.

Thus, this device provides the ability to train the ciliary muscles of the eyes due to the ability to freely move the ball in the cavity of the tube and track its movement through a longitudinal slit.

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) this device is not intended for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes;

b) this device is intended for training only the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

c) the range of motion (working stroke) of the ball, which provides the possibility of training the ciliary muscle, is equal to the length of the tube, which is 240 mm;

d) the need to hold the device with both hands, which complicates its use for neurological patients with impaired movement in one hand;

d) difficulties in fixing the gaze on a ball with a diameter of 15 mm for neurological patients with various eye diseases (for example, severe presbyopia, cataracts, amblyopia, etc.).

Presbyopia is an age-related refractive error of the eye, in which accommodation is impaired (Wikipedia. Presbyopia, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyopia).

Cataract is a pathological condition associated with clouding of the lens of the eye and causing varying degrees of visual impairment up to complete loss of vision (Wikipedia. Cataract, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Катаракта).

Amblyopia is a variety of forms of visual impairment, the cause of which is mainly functional disorders of the visual analyzer that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses (Wikipedia. Amblyopia, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Амблиопия).

Also known from the existing level of technology is the device “Trainer for exercises to restore eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia” (Patent RU 160587 U1 dated 03/27/2016).

This device is a handle movably fixed on a flat stand, in the upper and lower parts of which two groups of telescopically connected tubes are placed, while the end of the central tube, located in the lower part of the handle, is connected to the stand, and at the end of the central tube, located in the upper part of the handle, a ball with a diameter of 10-20 mm is fixed, designed to fix the gaze and control the process of eye movement of the patient.

During the exercises, this device is placed on the surface of the table, and the ball is raised to a height corresponding to the eye level of the patient, who, holding the handle with one hand, begins to slowly move the ball, tracking its movement with his gaze.

This movement can be carried out in a plane either parallel or perpendicular to the patient’s face, or be of a more complex circular nature with periodic alternation of the direction of rotation.

Along with this, the patient, holding the stand of the device with one hand, smoothly lifts the ball with the handle with the other hand (moving the lower tubes apart) above eye level, after which he lowers it below eye level in a similar manner, as a result of which vertical movements are added to the trajectory of the ball's movement.

Thus, this device provides the ability to continuously track a ball with the gaze, performing complex movements in three spatial coordinates.

An important feature of this device is that it provides the ability to work aimed at both restoring the process of eye movements (implemented under the control of the oculomotor “centers” of the brain, which are part of the central section of the visual analyzer), and work aimed at training the eye muscles (which are part of the peripheral section of the visual analyzer).

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles are:

a) the possibility of using this device only if there is a horizontal surface;

b) the need to hold the handle with one hand and the stand of the device with the other, which complicates its use for neurological patients with impaired movement of one of the hands;

c) the difficulty of conducting classes with bedridden neurological patients;

d) the ability to perform only relatively simple movements with the ball: left-right, up-down, perpendicular to the eyes, in a circle;

d) the dimensions of the device containing the stand do not allow the patient to have it with him to conduct exercises in various conditions;

e) difficulties in fixing the gaze on a ball with a diameter of 10-20 mm for neurological patients with various eye diseases (for example, severe presbyopia, cataracts, amblyopia, etc.).

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned devices and training devices, a device called “Light training device for training in restoring the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles” (hereinafter referred to as the “Light training device”) has been developed. It is a compact, easy-to-use device that provides the ability to conduct training aimed at both restoring the process of eye movements (implemented under the control of the oculomotor “centers” of the brain, which are part of the central section of the visual analyzer), and training aimed at training the eye muscles (which are part of the peripheral section of the visual analyzer). At the same time, the "Light Trainer" provides the opportunity to conduct classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including patients with various eye diseases (for example, severe presbyopia, cataracts, amblyopia, etc.), with impaired movement of one of the hands and bedridden neurological patients, as well as classes on training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes on training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

The term "light" means "relating to light, connected with light, for example, lighting devices" (Electronic dictionaries of the Russian language. Light, found on the Internet at https://herzena.ru/index.php/words/show/14717).

Lighting devices are intended for illumination, irradiation, light signaling or projection and are divided into lighting, irradiation, signaling and projection. Usually, lighting devices consist of a source of optical radiation, a device for redistributing the radiant flux in space in specified directions, as well as structural parts that combine all parts of the lighting devices and provide the necessary protection of the radiation source and the light-redistributing device from mechanical damage and environmental impact (Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Lighting devices, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/130579).

An important design feature of the declared “Light Trainer” is that its control element (designed to fix the gaze and control eye movement) is equipped with a backlight, which makes it possible to conduct exercises to restore eye movement for neurological patients with various eye diseases (for example, with a severe degree of presbyopia, cataracts, amblyopia, etc.), which make it difficult to fix the gaze on the control element.

In addition, the illumination of the control element of the “Light Trainer” helps to better fix the gaze on the control element for those who do not have the above-mentioned eye diseases.

This is because focusing light in a specific place or on a specific object (called accent lighting) helps to draw attention to the illuminated object (Wikipedia. Accent lighting, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Акценноевесение).

This method of attracting attention is used in various devices, one of which is, for example, the “Device for attracting attention to outdoor advertising objects” (Patent RU 2227937 C2 dated 27.04.2004), which contains multi-colored flashing lighting aimed at key elements of the advertisement and installed on the top or sides of the billboard.

Along with this, light radiation is widely used in various sets of exercises aimed at training or improving visual acuity.

One of these sets of exercises is, for example, the set “The Best Exercises for Vision” (designed to prevent ophthalmological diseases, relieve eye fatigue, restore blood circulation and strengthen muscles), which includes an exercise in which the practitioner looks (in compliance with certain rules and after prior consultation with a doctor) at a light source, which can be the sun, a regular light bulb or a candle (The Best Exercises for Vision, found on 04/15/2025 on the Internet at https://interoptika.ru/blog/zdorove-glaz/uprazhneniya-dlya-zreniya/).

Also currently known are various methods and techniques based on the use of light radiation of different colors to improve visual acuity.

So, if you look at red light for three minutes a day, you can significantly improve your vision, ophthalmologists from University College London have found. Red light with a certain wavelength can restore mitochondria in the retina, allowing cones and rods to perform their function better. During the study, 24 people underwent three-minute sessions for two weeks, during which they had to look at the light of a small LED flashlight. The study found a significant improvement in vision among people over 40, who also experienced an increase in the ability to recognize colors and additional visual comfort in low light conditions (Red light as a way to improve vision, found on 04/15/2025 on the Internet at https://ochkisun.ru/news/krasnyj-cvet-kak-sposob-uluchshit-zrenie/).

Along with this, a “Method for the prevention and treatment of myopia” (Patent RU 2442551 C2 dated 20.02.2012) is known, based on performing optical reflex exercises on the “Vizotronik” device, during which the patient’s eyes are exposed to red, green and blue light in a certain sequence.

Thus, light exposure of a certain color or light exposure of a sequence of different colors can have a positive effect on the visual system of a person with visual impairment.

The tasks that the declared technical solution is aimed at solving are:

a) the versatility of the “Light Trainer”, which provides the possibility of conducting classes aimed at both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer, which allows it to be used in various areas of medical rehabilitation;

b) providing the opportunity to conduct classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia;

c) providing the opportunity to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer;

d) providing the opportunity to train the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with dysfunction of the eye muscles;

d) providing the opportunity to conduct classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements for neurological patients with various eye diseases that make it difficult to fix the gaze on the control element (for example, with a severe degree of presbyopia, cataracts, amblyopia, etc.) by illuminating the control element;

e) ensuring better fixation of the gaze on the control element during the performance of exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements and training of the eye muscles for those practicing who do not have the above-mentioned eye diseases, by illuminating the control element;

g) providing the opportunity to conduct classes with neurological patients who have movement disorders in one of their hands by holding the “Light Trainer” during classes with one hand;

c) providing the opportunity to conduct classes for bedridden neurological patients due to the compactness of the “Light Trainer”;

i) increasing the range of motion of the control element to improve the effectiveness and variety of exercises to restore eye movements and more effectively train the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

k) ensuring the ability of the control element to perform various movements along trajectories of varying degrees of complexity in three spatial coordinates;

l) providing the opportunity to conduct independent studies using the “Light Simulator”;

m) the simplicity of the design of the “Light Trainer”, which facilitates its wide implementation in the practical sphere.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is an expansion of the arsenal of devices intended for work aimed at both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer, implemented due to the design elements of the claimed "Light Trainer", providing the possibility of conducting classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including patients with various eye diseases, with impaired movement of one of the hands and bedridden neurological patients, as well as classes on training the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes on training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the "Light Trainer" is a device consisting of a plastic cylindrical handle, in the upper part of which a plastic connecting tube is fixed, at the end of which a plastic holder is fixed, in which artificial light sources are installed, intended for illuminating from the inside a hollow control element fixed in the upper part of the holder, which is made of white plastic, providing uniform dispersion of light radiation of artificial light sources; at the same time, a switch and buttons are located on the handle, and inside the handle - a microcontroller and a battery, wherein the artificial light sources are electrically connected to the microcontroller, which is electrically connected to the buttons, and through the switch - to the battery; at the same time, the handle is intended for holding the device with the hand, and the control element is intended for fixing the gaze and controlling the eye movement of the person exercising.

The preferred version of the "Light Trainer" uses LEDs as artificial light sources.

The preferred version of the "Light Trainer" uses incandescent lamps as artificial light sources.

In the preferred version of the “Light Trainer”, the control element is made in the form of a three-dimensional geometric figure.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Light Trainer", the control element is made in the form of an object.

The essence of the utility model "Light trainer for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles" is explained by a drawing, which depicts:

Fig. 1 shows a general view of the “Light Trainer”.

The claimed "Light Trainer" (see Fig. 1) is a device consisting of a plastic handle (1), in the upper part of which a plastic connecting tube (2) is fixed, at the end of which a plastic holder (3) is fixed, in which artificial light sources (4) are installed, intended for illuminating from the inside a control element (5) fixed in the upper part of the holder (3), which is intended for fixing the gaze and controlling the eye movement of the person exercising (a patient with impaired eye movement or visual acuity, as well as a person training vision) during the performance of exercises.

The term “holder” is understood as “a device for holding or securing something” (Ozhegov’s Explanatory Dictionary. Holder, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ogegova/47014).

The term "artificial light sources" refers to "technical devices of various designs and with various methods of energy conversion, the main purpose of which is to obtain light radiation" (Wikipedia. Artificial light sources, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Искистныеисторскихсвета).

The term “gaze” refers to the direction, the focus of the eyes towards someone or something (Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova. Gaze, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/die.nsf/efremova/146522/Возр).

The dimensions of this particular "Light Trainer" indicated below are not features that narrow the scope of legal protection, since they may change during the process of its creation.

The handle (1) of the "Light Trainer" is designed to hold the device with the hand of the person exercising (a patient with impaired eye movement or visual acuity, as well as a person training vision).

The handle (1) has a cylindrical shape, is hollow and consists of two parts that are connected to each other (for example, by means of a threaded connection) with the possibility of separation and subsequent connection.

The length of the handle (1) can be from 80 to 120 millimeters or more, and the diameter is 15-25 mm.

For a more comfortable grip of the handle by the practitioner's hand, notches may be made on the surface of the handle (1).

A connecting tube (2) is fixed in the upper part of the handle (1) (e.g. by means of a threaded connection), the length of which can be from 50 to 180 or more millimeters, the outer diameter is 7-12 mm, and the wall thickness is 1-2 mm.

At the end of the connecting tube (2) a holder (3) is fixed (e.g. by means of a threaded connection), in which artificial light sources (4) are installed, intended for illuminating the control element (5), which is fixed (e.g. by means of a threaded connection) in the upper part of the holder (3) and is intended for fixing the gaze and controlling the movement of the eyes of the person engaged in the exercise, aimed at restoring the impaired process of eye movements or training the eye muscles.

The upper parts of the artificial light sources (4) protrude 5-15 mm above the upper surface of the holder (3), ensuring the possibility of uniform illumination of the control element (5).

In the holder (3) of the "Light Trainer", artificial light sources (4) of the following types can be used: a) light-emitting diodes; b) miniature incandescent lamps; c) any other artificial light sources, the dimensions and characteristics of which allow them to be used in the "Light Trainer".

In this case, the artificial light sources (4) installed in the holder (3) of the “Light Trainer” can differ in the color of the emitted light or type, and their number can be from two to six or more pieces.

Thus, the “Light Trainer” can use LEDs of different colors, contained, for example, in the “Set of colored LEDs” which includes LEDs of white, yellow, orange, red, green and blue colors (Set of colored LEDs 3 mm 24 pcs., found on 15.04.2025 on the Internet at https://www.wildberries.ru/catalog/93674880/detail.aspx).

Along with LEDs that emit light of a certain color, the "Light Trainer" can also use LEDs that automatically smoothly change the color of the emitted light, for example, "Transparent RGB LED that smoothly changes the color of the glow" (Transparent RGB LED that smoothly changes the color of the glow, found on 15.04.2025 on the Internet at https://kulibin.su/catalog/radiodetali/svetodiody/3-millimetra/svetodiod-3-mm-prozrachnyy-rgb-plavno-enyayushchiy-tsvet-svecheniya.html).

In addition to LEDs that change color automatically, the “Light Trainer” can also use LEDs that change color manually.

Along with various types of LEDs, the "Light Trainer" can also use miniature incandescent lamps, which are incandescent lamps designed for lighting and backlighting of radio and electrical appliance scales, alarms, in various lanterns, for light indication, etc. (Miniature incandescent lamps, found 04/15/2025 on the Internet at https://pitersvet.ru/index.php?cat=120&ysclid=m9jv4yy98g466310499).

To add color, miniature incandescent lamps can be painted with heat-resistant colored varnish, for example, "Tsapon varnish "Solins" (Tsapon varnish "Solins" quick-drying, found on 04/15/2025 on the Internet at https://mm.ru/product/capon-lak-solins-2585330?skuld=7632142).

In addition, in the “Light Trainer”, LEDs and miniature incandescent lamps can be used simultaneously as artificial light sources (4).

The control element (5) of the “Light Trainer” is hollow and made of matte light-diffusing white plastic, which provides the ability to evenly disperse the light radiation coming from artificial light sources (4), forming a soft diffused matte light that does not blind the eyes of the person exercising when fixing their gaze on the control element (5).

The wall thickness of the control element (5) can be 1-2 mm, and in its lower part there is a protrusion for fastening to the holder (3).

In this case, the control element (5) can be designed as:

a) a three-dimensional geometric figure, for example, in the form of a ball, a polyhedron (dodecahedron, icosahedron, spherical polyhedron), etc.;

b) a three-dimensional object, for example, in the form of an apple, a flower bud, etc.;

c) any other object that provides the possibility of illumination from the inside by artificial light sources (4).

The term "polyhedron" refers to a closed surface made up of polygons. There are different types of polyhedrons, for example, a dodecahedron is a twelve-sided polyhedron, an icosahedron is a twenty-sided polyhedron, etc. (Wikipedia. Polyhedron, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Многогранник).

The term "spherical polyhedron" refers to a tessellation on a sphere in which the surface is divided by large arcs into bounded regions called spherical polygons. The best-known example of a spherical polyhedron is the soccer ball (Wikipedia. Spherical polyhedron, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Сферическиемолногогранник).

The term "object" is understood as any specific material phenomenon perceived by the senses and thinking as something that exists separately. To see an object. Animate, inanimate object. To discover an object, etc. (Website Academician. Encyclopedic Dictionary. Object, found on the Internet at https://die.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/45885/продел).

If the control element (5) is made in the form of a ball, its diameter can be 15-50 mm.

If the control element (5) is made in the form of some other three-dimensional geometric figure or in the form of an object, then its length, width and height are within 15-50 mm.

In this case, various graphic elements in the form of dots, lines, geometric figures, symbols (letters, numbers), etc., which can be arranged in any order or in accordance with the appearance of any object or item, for example, a soccer ball, can be applied to the outer surface of the control element (5).

To provide power supply and set various operating modes of artificial light sources (4), the “Light Trainer” contains electronic components: a microcontroller (not shown in the figures), a battery (not shown in the figures), a switch (6) and buttons (7), which are connected to each other in a single electrical circuit by means of electrical wires.

The term "microcontroller" refers to "a microcircuit designed to control an electronic device" (Wiktionary: Microcontroller, found on the Internet at https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/микорпроводкер).

The microcontroller is located in the handle (1) of the “Light Trainer” and is designed to set, via buttons (7), a specific operating mode of the artificial light sources (4) for conducting the lesson:

a) selection of the backlight color of the control element (5);

b) changing the brightness of the backlight of the control element (5);

c) switching on the mode of sequential illumination of the control element (5) in different colors, etc.

The battery is placed inside the handle (1) in such a way that: a) it can be removed from the handle (1) for recharging by installing it in a charger; b) it can be built into the handle (1), and its recharging is carried out by means of a socket connector (not shown in the figures), located, for example, on the end surface of the handle (1).

The switch (6) is located on the handle (1) of the “Light Trainer” and is designed to turn on and off the power supply to the device.

Buttons (7) are also located on the handle (1) of the “Light Trainer” and are intended to set the operating mode of artificial light sources (4), while the total number of buttons (7) can be from 2 to 4 or more.

To prevent accidental pressing of the switch (6) and buttons (7) with the fingers when holding the “Light Trainer” by the handle (1), the upper parts of the switch (6) and buttons (7) must have sufficient travel (2-5 mm) or be located flush with the outer surface of the handle (1).

Thus, artificial light sources (4) are connected electrically (via electrical wires) to the microcontroller, which is connected to the buttons (7), and through the switch (6) to the battery.

If the battery is built-in, it is additionally connected to the socket on the handle (1).

Thus, the design elements of the declared “Light Trainer” provide:

a) the possibility of conducting classes aimed at both the central and peripheral parts of the visual analyzer;

b) the possibility of conducting classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia;

c) the possibility of training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer;

d) the possibility of training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with dysfunction of the eye muscles;

d) the possibility of conducting classes on the restoration of eye movements for patients with various eye diseases (for example, with a severe degree of presbyopia, cataracts, amblyopia, etc.) that make it difficult to perceive the control element (5) and fixate the gaze on it;

e) the possibility of better fixation of the gaze on the control element (5) of those practicing without the above-mentioned eye diseases;

g) the ability to perform a variety of exercises based on the movement of the control element (5) along various trajectories of any degree of complexity in three spatial coordinates;

c) increasing the range of motion of the control element due to the length of the connecting tube (2) of the “Light Trainer”, which contributes to more effective restoration of eye movements and training of the ciliary muscle;

i) the possibility of conducting classes with neurological patients with impaired movement of one of the hands due to the fact that work with the “Light Trainer” is carried out by holding it with one hand;

k) the possibility of conducting classes using the “Light Trainer” with bedridden neurological patients;

l) the compact design of the “Light Trainer” allows for training in various conditions in the absence of a horizontal surface, for example, during walks;

m) the simplicity of the design of the “Light Trainer”, which facilitates its wide implementation in the practical sphere.

In addition, the illumination of the control element (5) contributes to an additional positive effect on the visual system of those involved in the course of exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements or to train the eye muscles.

Work with the device "Light trainer for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles" is carried out using methods determined by the tasks of the restorative or training exercises.

Restoration of the eye movement process in patients with visual agnosia

The relevance of using the "Light Trainer" during classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia is due to the fact that most existing trainers and manuals provide the ability to restore impaired eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, in contrast to which the "Light Trainer" provides the ability to restore eye movements in real three-dimensional space.

At the same time, the presence of illumination of the control element (5) provides the opportunity to conduct classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements for neurological patients with various eye diseases (for example, severe presbyopia, cataracts, amblyopia, etc.), which make it difficult to fix the gaze on the control element (5).

Classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia are conducted under the guidance of a neuropsychologist or other specialist in this field.

When conducting a course of exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, the specialist shows the patient various types of exercises, teaching him how to independently use the “Light Trainer”.

Before starting the lesson, the specialist turns on the “Light Trainer” using the switch (6) and, using the buttons (7), sets the required illumination parameters (color, brightness, illumination mode, etc.) of the control element (5).

The first type of exercises includes the simplest movements of the control element (5) in one conditional plane located in front of the patient's face at arm's length. For example, movements left and right, up and down, movements along the diagonals of a conditional rectangle, etc.

When performing these exercises, the patient, holding the "Light Trainer" by the handle (1), makes slow, uniform movements with the control element (5) in the directions described above, tracking its movement with his gaze, without straining his eyes or moving his head. At the same time, the specialist monitors the correctness of the patient's performance of these exercises, so that his movements are smooth and calm, and the maximum deviation of the control element (5) is comfortable for the patient (this also applies to other types of exercises).

The second type of exercise is that the patient places his hand with the "Light Trainer" in such a way that the control element (5) is motionless in front of his face at arm's length. Then the patient, looking at the control element (5), makes smooth, careful movements of the head to the left and right, up and down, etc. under the supervision of a specialist.

The third type of exercises is a more complicated version of the first type of exercises and includes more complex movements of the control element (5), which are performed in a conditional plane located approximately at arm's length in front of the patient's face. For example, movements in a circle (clockwise and counterclockwise), movements along the contour of a horizontally oriented figure eight (clockwise and counterclockwise), etc.

The fourth type of exercises is a more complicated version of the second type of exercises, and consists of the patient placing the hand with the "Light Trainer" in such a way that the control element (5) is motionless in front of his face at arm's length. Then the patient, looking at the control element (5), carefully performs more complex movements with his head, for example, in a circle (clockwise and counterclockwise), along the contour of a horizontally oriented figure eight (clockwise and counterclockwise), etc. under the supervision of a specialist.

The fifth type of exercises includes movements of the control element (5), which are carried out in a vertical plane perpendicular to the center of the patient's face. For example, linear movements from the patient's face and back, circular movements (clockwise and counterclockwise), etc.

The sixth type of exercises includes more complex trajectories of movements of the control element (5), carried out not in one plane, as in the first, third and fifth types of exercises, but in three-dimensional space. For example, movements along the contour of an imaginary ball or any other three-dimensional figure, etc.

The above-described types of exercises using the "Light Trainer" differ in their degree of complexity and are included by the specialist in the training process gradually, taking into account the degree of impairment of the patient's eye movement process and his ability to perform certain eye movements.

Each exercise is repeated by the patient, depending on his condition, from two to five times, with certain breaks, the duration of which is determined by the specialist.

In this case, the specialist can change the illumination parameters of the control element (5) during the lesson using the buttons (7).

As the patient achieves positive results in restoring the process of eye movements, a gradual increase in the number of exercises of the sixth type is carried out, which are distinguished by a more complex trajectory of movements of the control element (5).

Eye muscle training to prevent vision problems

The relevance of using the "Light Trainer" for training the eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment is due to the fact that at present, work, study and other activities of most people are associated with a computer, the active use of which contributes to the emergence of computer vision syndrome.

Visual performance and visual fatigue of a computer user are closely related to the state of his accommodation (the ability of the visual apparatus to focus the gaze on objects located at different distances) and convergence (the convergence of the visual axes of both eyes on a fixed object) of the eye. The basis for the development of computer vision syndrome is the mechanism of overstrain of the accommodative apparatus of the eye. Due to the fact that text on electronic media is not presented in the form of solid lines, but consists of separate dots and pixels, images on electronic media and paper differ greatly and the eyes are not able to maintain focus. This leads to disruption of the work and uneven contraction of the muscle that provides accommodation (ciliary muscle) and the development of accommodation spasm (A.I. Oleynik. Computer vision syndrome, found on 15.04.2025 on the Internet at https://gkb-23.ru/tag/elektrostimulyatsiya-tsiliarnoj-myshtsy/).

One of the ways to combat computer vision syndrome is visual gymnastics, based on regular performance of a set of exercises to relieve eye strain: a) look alternately to the right and left, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; b) look alternately up and down, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; c) perform circular eye movements, first clockwise, then counterclockwise; d) open and close your eyes quite intensively; d) look alternately diagonally up to the right and down to the left, up to the left and down to the right, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; e) bring the index finger of the hand closer to the nose, focusing the gaze on the tip of the finger, thus bringing the eyes to the nose and fixing the gaze for 1-2 seconds (Daria Lebedinets. How working at a computer affects vision, found on 04/15/2025 on the Internet at https://oft.nika-nn.ru/articles/kak-rabota-za-kompyuterom-vliyaet-na-zrenie/?ysclid=m6xq31ajuc266778241).

The developed "Light Trainer" facilitates the performance of this and similar sets of visual gymnastics exercises based on eye movement, making their performance more convenient and comfortable due to the presence of a control element (5), which the trainee follows with his gaze during the performance of these exercises. At the same time, the presence of illumination of the control element (5) makes it easier for the trainee to fix his gaze on the control element (5) of the "Light Trainer".

The use of the "Light Trainer" is especially relevant for conducting visual gymnastics for neurological patients during computer sessions to restore impaired mental functions, which are widely used in the practice of neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with organic brain damage (Selyavko L.E., Tsvetkova L.S. Computer technologies in rehabilitation training. Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 14, Psychology. 2006. No. 2. Pp. 71-78).

This is due to the fact that the visual system of neurological patients is more susceptible to the effects of a computer monitor and therefore needs more rest and preventive training.

The use of the "Light Trainer" during training sessions aimed at training the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment is carried out through visual gymnastics exercises to overcome computer vision syndrome and various exercises similar to the exercises described above aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia.

At the same time, the main differences between classes aimed at training the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment in computer vision syndrome and classes aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia are:

a) shorter classes, conducted more regularly;

b) the use of additional exercises that promote better eye function: blinking, eye massage, etc.;

c) some increase in the number of exercises of the fifth and sixth types aimed at training the ciliary muscle.

All exercises performed using the "Light Trainer" should be performed slowly, calmly, smoothly, without straining the eye muscles.

Along with exercises aimed at training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, the "Light Trainer" can be used to prevent visual impairment during any other activity involving prolonged fixation of the gaze on objects located close to the eyes, for example, when reading books, writing on a sheet of paper, drawing, etc.

Eye muscle training to improve visual acuity

The relevance of using the "Light Trainer" for training the eye muscles in order to improve visual acuity is due to the fact that various diseases associated with dysfunction of the eye muscles have become widespread at present, the most common of which are myopia and presbyopia.

Eye muscle training sessions to improve visual acuity are conducted under the guidance of an ophthalmologist or other specialist in this field.

Currently, various exercise complexes are known, for example, the "Exercises for vision restoration" complex, which helps improve visual acuity by performing special exercises aimed at restoring the tone of the eye muscles and improving the condition of the visual apparatus. Regular performance of these exercises helps relieve tension, saturate the eye tissues with oxygen, thereby improving visual acuity, relieving tension in the frontal lobe of the head, and stimulating the tear ducts. This complex includes a blinking exercise, which improves blood circulation; an eye squeeze exercise, which helps relieve tension; eyelid massage, which improves the circulation of ocular fluid, etc. This complex also includes exercises that involve “drawing” images of the “eight” with your eyes, arrows in different directions, the letter “S”, etc. It is recommended that these images be printed on a sheet of paper and used during the exercises as eye movement trajectories (Ophthalmological Clinic. V.A. Parshina. Exercises for vision restoration, found on 15.04.2025 on the Internet at https://www.sfe.ru/info/stati/uprazhneniya-dlya-vosstanovleniya-zreni/).

The developed "Light Trainer" facilitates the performance of this and similar sets of exercises based on eye movements, making their performance more convenient and comfortable due to the presence of a control element (5), which the trainee follows with his gaze during the performance of these exercises. At the same time, the presence of illumination of the control element (5) makes it easier for the trainee to fix his gaze on it during the training.

The use of the "Light Trainer" during training sessions aimed at training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity is carried out through sets of exercises to improve visual acuity, and various exercises similar to the exercises described above aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia and exercises to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment.

The main difference between training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity and training to prevent visual impairment is:

a) increasing the duration of classes;

b) increasing the number of additional exercises aimed at relieving tension, improving blood circulation in the eye, etc.;

c) increasing the number of exercises of the fifth and sixth types aimed at training the ciliary muscle.

Along with exercises aimed at restoring eye movements and training eye muscles, the stated “Light Trainer” can be effectively used:

a) when conducting corrective and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of the eye movement process;

b) when conducting classes with children to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, as well as classes aimed at improving visual acuity in cases of myopia;

c) when conducting classes with neurological patients with alexia, whose reading difficulties are caused by a disorder of the eye movement process, therefore, the above-described set of exercises for restoring impaired eye movements is performed with these patients;

d) when conducting classes with neurological patients with unilateral visual-spatial agnosia, in which the perception of objects in the left visual field is impaired, therefore, the above-described exercises for restoring eye movements are performed with these patients, based on tracking the movement of the control element (5) with the gaze, which periodically goes beyond the visual field perceived by the patient;

d) when conducting classes with neurological patients who have a disorder of voluntary attention, due to the fact that the same type of monotonous activity of following the movements of the control element (5) with the gaze will help improve concentration.

Thus, the claimed "Light Trainer" is a simple-to-manufacture and easy-to-use compact device designed for work aimed at both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer, and providing the ability to conduct classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including patients with various eye diseases, with impaired movement of one of the hands and bedridden neurological patients, as well as classes on training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes on training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

The use of the "Light Trainer" helps to increase the effectiveness of training in restoring the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles due to the fact that, starting from the first classes, the work process is carried out using an external tool that facilitates the control of eye movements and training of the eye muscles of the student, and the training process itself becomes more interesting and attractive.

Claims (5)

1. A light trainer for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles, characterized in that it is a device consisting of a plastic cylindrical handle, in the upper part of which a plastic connecting tube is fixed, at the end of which a plastic holder is fixed, in which artificial light sources are installed, intended for illuminating from the inside a hollow control element fixed in the upper part of the holder, which is made of white plastic, providing uniform dispersion of light radiation from artificial light sources; at the same time, a switch and buttons are located on the handle, and inside the handle - a microcontroller and a battery, wherein the artificial light sources are electrically connected to the microcontroller, which is electrically connected to the buttons, and through the switch - to the battery; at the same time, the buttons are intended to set the operating mode of the artificial light sources, the handle is intended to hold the device with the hand, and the control element is intended to fix the gaze and control the eye movement of the person practicing. 2. A light trainer according to paragraph 1, characterized in that LEDs are used as artificial light sources. 3. A light trainer according to item 1, characterized in that incandescent lamps are used as artificial light sources. 4. A light trainer according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of a three-dimensional geometric figure. 5. A light trainer according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of an object.