RU2364407C1 - Treatment method of calf respiratory diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine. Method provides for ingesting 70% alcoholic tincture of common pine buds, purple echinacea herbs and inflorescences and elfwort rootstocks and roots, taken in ratio of 2:1:1. Tincture is obtained at one - to- five ratio of raw material to extractor and then held at a temperature of 18-20°C for 7 days. Tincture is taken in form of 7-8% aqueous solution, cooked in boiled cooled water, in dose of 3.5-4.5 ml to one kilogramme of animal live weight at interval of 12 hours. Additionally hypodermic injection of hyperimmune serum, containing specific antibodies against parainfluenza-3 and rednose viruses in titers not lower than 1:1280 and 1:256 correspondingly, is given in dose of 2.0 ml with interval of 24 hours o the moment of clinical recovery.

EFFECT: method lets form common nonspecific adaptative reaction of increased activation which is characterised by enhanced resistance and different types of metabolism balance, secondary to passive immunisation against parainfluenza-3 and rednose viruses.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular to the treatment of respiratory diseases of calves.

In terms of breadth of spread, mortality, forced slaughter, and underweight of respiratory diseases, calves prevail over other diseases. So, in some farms, the death of calves in combination with forced slaughter is 40-55%, the return on feed in sick and ill animals is reduced by 2-3 times. According to some reports, out of 100 heifers with bronchopneumonia, 8 remain infertile, 12 are fertilized 3 months later, in 40% of calving the first lactation decreases by 20% / 1 /. The initiating mechanism of acute respiratory diseases of calves are viruses (mainly parainfluenza-3 viruses, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea-mucous membranes, respiratory syncytial virus), which cause damage to the hereditary structure of cells, which reduces resistance to bacterial infections. Massive respiratory diseases occur as mixed viral and viral-bacterial infections, which are characterized by a particularly malignant course, which are difficult to diagnose, since a secondary bacterial infection “masks” the primary viral disease. Dissemination of viruses in the environment leads to the constant involvement of new animals in the epizootic process. The absence of clear differences in the symptoms of nonspecific, viral, bacterial and viral-bacterial diseases of the respiratory system, as well as the impossibility of rapid diagnosis of their etiology leads to excessive prescription of antibiotics / 2 /. Experiments on the use of antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of calves showed that their appointment from the first days of life led to an increase in the frequency of bacterial complications.

Known methods for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases using medicinal plants containing substances with a direct effect on the mucosa of the respiratory tract, for example, leaves of coltsfoot, large plantain, anise, dill, caraway seeds, thermopsis herb, oregano, thyme, etc. / 3 /, in the form of infusions and decoctions, fees, including, for example, dioica nettle, large burdock, pharmacy chamomile, common oregano, perforated St. John’s wort, common wormwood, large plantain, coltsfoot, sowing oats / 4 /, Ivan- tea, yarrow ik, plantain, coltsfoot, burdock root, mountaineer, lobaznik, dandelion, dioecious nettle, pharmacy chamomile / 5 /, coltsfoot leaf, large plantain leaf, marsh rosemary shoots, pharmacy chamomile flowers, licorice root , birch leaf, rhizome with the roots of a leuzea or grass of the Tatar tar / 6 /, marsh rosemary (grass), bird highlander (grass), elecampane high (root), narrow-leaved fireweed (leaves), small-leaved linden (flowers), mother-and- common stepmother (leaves), medunica medicinal (grass), bare licorice (root), common pine nu (buds), common thyme (grass), a three-part series (grass), large celandine (grass), medicinal marshmallow (roots), birch (buds), black elderberry (flowers), medicinal valerian (rhizome), medicinal calendula (flowers) ), white mistletoe (leaf), marshmallow (grass), tricolor violet (flowers) / 7 /, etc. A common drawback of the known methods is insufficiently high efficiency due to the preservation of the immunodeficiency of calves, since it is known that respiratory diseases of calves are accompanied secondary T-immunodeficiency state, aggravating the pathological process and lowering the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic effects.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of treatment of respiratory diseases of calves proceeding as mixed infections, as a result of the formation of a general non-specific adaptive response of increased activation, characterized by increased resistance and balance of various types of metabolism, against the background of passive immunization against parainfluenza-3 viruses (PG-3) and infectious rhinotracheitis (RTI).

This is achieved by using a complex herbal medicine against passive immunization against PG-3 and IRT viruses, and a complex medicine is proposed as a herbal medicine, which is a 70% alcohol tincture from ordinary pine buds, herbs and purple coneflowers, rhizomes and roots of elecampane high, taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, and for passive immunization using hyperimmune serum containing specific anti I ate to viruses PG-3 and not TIB titers below 1: 1280 and 1: 256 respectively.

The ingredients of the complex drug used are widely used in herbal medicine. The rationale for choosing the components of the composition was data on the pharmacological properties and chemical composition of the medicinal plant material. Each component contains biologically active substances that act simultaneously on all links of pathogenesis, the symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs, and also have a pronounced antimicrobial effect on pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora.

The pine buds have a disinfectant, phytoncide, expectorant, vitamin and soothing properties, effectively prevent the spread of microbial and viral infections in the body.

The grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have immunomodulating activity, inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that enhances the permeability of viruses and microbes, increase the antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, macrophages and blood neutrophils, and increase the synthesis of protective antibodies and endogenous interferon.

Rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, bactericidal, antifungal, hemostatic, expectorant properties.

The chemical composition of the drug is represented by a complex of biologically active substances, providing its high pharmacotherapeutic effect. The dominant biologically active substances are: essential oil, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, trace elements, the main of which can be considered zinc, selenium and iron.

Flavonoids (containing all components) inhibit the enzyme catechol-ortho-methyltransferase and provide the adaptive-trophic function of the body due to the adrenoprolonging effect. Flavonoids have P-vitamin (capillary-strengthening) activity. In the total anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids, their direct effect on cell and tissue membranes is important - a decrease in their permeability, densification of lysosome membranes, inhibition of hyaluronidase, antagonistic effect against inflammatory mediators / 8 /.

Polysaccharides (contain all components) have an anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective effect. They stimulate nonspecific immunity and phagocytosis, the activity of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as bactericidal function of cells.

Essential oils (containing all components) are distinguished by several types of activity (antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and expectorant), the details and degree of which vary. So, the antimicrobial effect has a wide spectrum and is non-specific. Its mechanism is complex and consists in the destruction of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria with subsequent violation of metabolism, aerobic respiration, and the synthesis process. Anti-inflammatory activity is manifested in the protection of cells from further damage, in weakening the exudative phase of the process, in leukocyte and macrophage infiltration, in enhancing cell proliferation. It is partly due to the antioxidant effect, as a result, lysosomal, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic membranes are stabilized, capillary permeability decreases, and the phagocytic activity of macrophages and leukocytes increases.

Phenolic compounds (contain all components) have an antimicrobial effect, the mechanism of which is due to their ability to be sorbed by the components of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, form strong hydrogen bonds with proteins and damage the membrane, in particular increasing its permeability to ions (primarily potassium) and important metabolites lost by the cell , as well as for water coming from the outside and contributing to lysis.

Vitamins (vitamin C - ordinary pine buds, echinacea purpurea; vitamin E - elecampane high, vitamin A - echinacea purpurea) are involved in all metabolic processes, increase the body's resistance to diseases, have anti-inflammatory effects, and contribute to detoxification of the body.

The trace element zinc (ordinary pine kidney, elecampane high) is involved in the body's immune processes, selenium (high elecampane, which concentrates selenium, ordinary pine bud) is a powerful antioxidant, and iron (purple coneflower) is the main structural component of blood hemoglobin and heme-containing enzymes.

All plants of the complex drug have an antimicrobial effect, and the herb and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have a virus-neutralizing property, pine buds prevent the spread of viral infection in the body, which eliminates (attenuates) the causes of the disease, anti-inflammatory (elecampane high, echinacea purpurea), expectorant (pine buds ), antispasmodic (elecampane high) actions reduce pathogenetic changes, and the immunomodulatory activity of Echinacea purpurea enhances the protective, comp nsatorno-adaptive mechanisms of the body.

The high efficiency of a multicomponent herbal product is achieved through a combination of a whole complex of biologically active substances, as a result of which there is a mutual strengthening of the beneficial pharmacological properties of each individual component.

The proposed herbal remedy is prepared as follows.

The buds of Scots pine, grass and Echinacea purpurea inflorescences, rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high are crushed (in dry form) according to the State Pharmacopoeia and mixed in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. The raw material is placed in a glass vessel and moistened, pouring the extractor (70% alcohol) in a ratio of 1: 5. Discharge of the finished product is obtained after 7 days. The finished product is stored in a dark place at a temperature of 5-10 ° C. Shelf life - 2 years from the date of manufacture.

In accordance with the classification of toxicity of substances according to GOST 12.1.007-88, the agent can be rated as relatively safe, since when determining the parameters of acute toxicity in mice weighing 20.0 g, its 20% and 40% aqueous solutions showed LD _{50 of} more than 17.8 g / kg body weight, and with intrauterine administration - more than 3.0 g / kg body weight.

Example: 100 g of ordinary pine buds, 50 g of grass and Echinacea purpurea inflorescences and 50 g of rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high were crushed, mixed, placed in a glass vessel, filled with 1 liter of ethyl alcohol at 70% concentration and kept at a temperature of 18-20 ° C in dark place for 7 days. The finished product was poured, the medicinal raw material was squeezed out and filtered.

A method for the treatment of respiratory diseases of calves with the use of a complex drug, which is a 70% alcohol tincture from the buds of common pine, grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, rhizomes and roots of elecampane high, taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, obtained with a ratio of raw material and extractor 1: 5 and kept at a temperature of 18-20 ° C for 7 days, against the background of passive immunization is carried out as follows.

70% alcohol tincture from the buds of ordinary pine, grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower and rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high in the form of 7-8% aqueous solution prepared in boiled chilled water, is used orally at a dose of 3.5-4.5 ml / kg live weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours and additionally subcutaneously injected with hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to the PG-3 viruses and ИРТ in titers no lower than 1: 1280 and 1: 256, respectively, at a dose of 2.0 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval at 24 hours before clinical recovery.

The effectiveness of the method of treating respiratory diseases of calves of a polyetiological nature was determined in scientific and industrial experiments under conditions of a long-term adverse respiratory illness caused by exposure to the organism of virus associations, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora, against the backdrop of violation of the conditions of keeping and feeding of pregnant cows and calves. Virological and bacteriological studies confirmed the etiological role of PG-3, the IRT titer of antibodies ranged from 1: 4 to 1:32, pasteurell, salmonella, protea and streptococci. Incidence - up to 80%, mortality - up to 20%. The treatment was performed when the first clinical signs appeared, which were manifested by depression, loss of appetite, in some cases, increase in temperature to 41.5 ° C, serous-mucous discharge from the nasal openings, conjunctivitis, cough, rapid breathing, after diagnosis based on clinical examination , laboratory studies, postmortem autopsy. During the postmortem autopsy of the dead and forcedly killed calves, hyperemia of the mucous membrane, mucopurulent exudate in the trachea and bronchi were found in the lungs, densified areas of dark red color, enlarged pharyngeal and bronchial nodes were found.

Example 1. Therapeutic efficacy depending on the dose of the complex drug was determined on 6 groups of sick calves 30-40 days of age - 4 experimental groups, 2 groups - control. The calves of the 4 experimental groups used inside a 7% aqueous solution of 70% alcohol tincture from the buds of common pine, grass and purple inflorescences and rhizomes and roots of Elecampane taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, obtained with a ratio of raw material and extractor 1: 5 and aged at a temperature of 18-20 ° C for 7 days, at a dose of 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 ml / kg of animal body weight with an interval of 12 hours and additionally subcutaneously injected hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to PG-3 viruses and ИРТ in titers no lower than 1: 1280 and 1: 256, respectively, in 2.0 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval of 24 hours before clinical recovery. The calves of the 1st control group were prescribed inside a 7% aqueous solution of 70% alcohol tincture of coltsfoot grass in a dose of 4.0 ml / kg body weight of the animal with an interval of 24 hours and additionally subcutaneous hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to PG viruses -3 and ИРТ in titers no lower than 1: 1280 and 1: 256, respectively, as in the experimental groups. Calves of the 2nd control group were treated with subcutaneous injection of hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to PG-3 viruses and ИРТ in titers no lower than 1: 1280 and 1: 256, respectively, as in the experimental groups. Clinical studies were conducted daily to monitor the condition of the animals. The course of the disease was taken into account. Before treatment and after recovery, blood was examined to assess the immune status and level of natural resistance. The immune status was assessed by the relative and absolute number of T- and B-lymphocytes (determined by the method of N.I. Blinov, 1985) and the content of the main classes of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM (determined by the method of Mancini et al., 1965), and natural resistance, by indicators of the functional activity of blood neutrophils (the reactions of tetrazolium recovery were determined according to A.N. Mayansky et al., 1979), the bactericidal activity of blood serum (determined by the method of O.V. Smirnova and T.A. Kuzmina, 1966) and lysozyme activity of blood serum (determined by the method of O.V. Bu Arina et al., 1970). The results are presented in tables 1 and 2. They confirmed the validity of the dosage of the complex drug. Thus, a dose of a complex drug less than the minimum did not provide an increase in the therapeutic effect relative to control, and an increase in the dose above the maximum was impractical, since the upper limit value did not provide a significant increase in therapeutic effectiveness relative to the average value (4.0 ml / kg body weight). As can be seen from table 1, the proposed method provided 100% recovery (1st control group - 92.3%, 2nd control group - 90.4%) with a reduction in treatment time to 10 days compared to 12 (1st control group) and 14 (2nd control group) days. After recovery, the calves of the experimental groups developed well, they developed an appetite, restored reactions to external stimuli, they were mobile and active. The daily gain in calf weight in the experimental groups exceeded the daily gain in live weight of calves in the 1st control group by 23.8%, and in the 2nd control group by 25.0%.

The obtained clinical data showed that the claimed method provided, in addition to clinical improvement, positive dynamics of the immunogram — an increase in T and B lymphocytes, an increase in the functional activity of neutrophils, and the nature of the effect of the complex drug is quite identical in both quantitative and qualitative parameters (table 2 )

Example 2. The effectiveness of the proposed method of treatment in comparison with the known was determined on sick calves 30-45 days of age with associated viral infection due to viruses PG-3 and ИРТ, after the diagnosis was established on the basis of a comprehensive analysis with mandatory virological research, divided into 4 groups : calves of the 1st group were used inside a 7% aqueous solution of 70% alcohol tincture from the buds of Scots pine, grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea and rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high, taken in a 2: 1 ratio : 1, obtained at a ratio of raw materials and extractor 1: 5 and kept at a temperature of 18-20 ° C for 7 days, at a dose of 4.0 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours and additionally subcutaneously injected hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to PG-3 and RTI viruses in titers no lower than 1: 1280 and 1: 256, respectively, at a dose of 2.0 ml / kg of animal body weight with an interval of 24 hours before clinical recovery. Group 2 calves were administered orally 7% aqueous solution of 70% alcohol tincture of coltsfoot grass at a dose of 4.0 ml / kg body weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours and additionally subcutaneously injected hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to PG viruses -3 and ИРТ in titers no lower than 1: 1280 and 1: 256, respectively, as in the 1st group, calves of the 3rd group were subcutaneously injected with hyperimmune serum containing antibodies to PG-3 viruses and ИРТ in titers no lower than 1: 1280 and 1: 256, respectively, as in the 1st and 2nd groups. In the control group, treatment was carried out with drugs, mainly nitrofuran drugs. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 3).

The data obtained showed that the proposed method has high therapeutic efficacy in respiratory diseases of calves (table 3). So, within 10 days the symptoms of the disease disappeared in the calves. Relapse within 30 days of observation was not observed. In animals that were treated by known methods, the symptoms of the disease persisted for 12 (group 2), 14 (group 3) and 16 (group 4) days.

Studies conducted in conditions of prolonged troubles, i.e. immunological pressure, confirmed that 70% alcohol tincture of the crushed plant mixture of common pine buds, herbs and purple inflorescences Echinacea, rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high, taken in the ratio 2: 1: 1, in combination with hyperimmune serum containing antibodies to PG-viruses 3 and ИРТ in titers no lower than 1: 1280 and 1: 256, respectively, allows curing up to 100% of animals with respiratory diseases of viral and bacterial etiology. The proposed combination provides immunocorrection of key broken links of the immune system and increase the body's natural resistance.

Table 3 The comparative effectiveness of the claimed and known methods of treating respiratory diseases of calves Indicators Method of treatment inside alcohol tincture of the ordinary pine buds, herbs and inflorescences of purple coneflower and rhizomes and roots of elecampane high and additionally subcutaneous hyperimmune serum * n = 54 inside alcohol tincture of mother coltsfoot and additionally subcutaneous hyperimmune serum * n = 52 subcutaneous hyperimmune serum * n = 52 medications, mainly nitrofuran preparations n = 58 Recover, goal. 54 48 47 42 Form of the disease, light 52 40 38 39 heavy 2 12 fourteen eighteen Duration of the disease, days 10 12 fourteen 16 Efficiency% 100.0 92.3 90,4 72,4 Fell or forced killed, goal. - four 5 16 The average daily weight gain, g 765.0 ± 20.0 618.0 ± 19.0 612.0 ± 22.0 610.0 ± 18.0

Information sources

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Claims (1)

A method for the treatment of respiratory diseases of calves, including the use of a medicinal product based on plant materials, characterized in that 70% alcohol tincture from ordinary pine buds, herbs and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea and rhizomes and roots of Elecampane high are used as a medicine based on plant materials taken in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, obtained when the ratio of raw materials to the extractor 1: 5 and aged at a temperature of 18-20 ° C for 7 days, in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution in a dose of 3.5-4.5 ml / kg live weight of animal at an interval of 12 hours and additionally subcutaneously injected with hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to parainfluenza-3 viruses and infectious rhinotracheitis in titers of at least 1: 1280 and 1: 256, respectively, at a dose of 2.0 ml / kg body weight of the animal with an interval at 24 hours before clinical recovery.