RU2423996C1 - Method of phytopreparation therapy of gastrointestinal diseases in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary science. The method involves a subcutaneous injection of reconvascelent blood serum containing rota- and coronavirus antihemagglutinins. It is combined with an intake of 70% alcoholate of a grinded herbal mixture containing equal proportions of purple Echinacea (Echinazea purpurea) herb and blossom clusters, Syrian rue (Peganum harmala) herb, tillet (Tilia cordata) blossom and common licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) roots. The alcoholate is prepared in the raw material to extractant relation 1:10, kept at temperature 15-20°C for 7 days. It is presented as 7-8% aqueous solution to be introduced in dosage 2.0-2.5 ml/kg of live weight every 12 hours to clinical recovery.

EFFECT: method provides higher resistance and fast micro- and macroelements rebalancing in an animal's organism.

5 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of various etiologies with diarrhea syndrome in calves.

Diseases of young farm animals are complex infectious processes in which at various stages of the development of pathology bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas in various combinations take part. Gastrointestinal diseases of calves of the prophylactic period are associated infections with a combination of entero-, pneumotropic pathogens of a viral and bacterial nature. The main members of associations representing an epizootic hazard are pathogenic microorganisms: chlamydia, leptospira, listeria, salmonella; viruses - IRT-PG-3, company-coronaviruses, VD-BS, and conditionally pathogenic viruses - mycoplasmas, pasteurella, enterotoxigenic serovariants of Escherichia coli, streptococci, staphylococci in various combinations from two to five. Infection with most viruses leads to the accumulation of humoral antibodies. However, their level drops rapidly, which leads to the development of a secondary immune response and a modification of the disease. In calves who have had rota-coronavirus diarrhea, respiratory diseases at 45-60 days of age are more often recorded. The complexity of the struggle is due to the multicomponent nature of microorganisms, each of which has specific properties of relationships both with the macroorganism and with each other, inhibiting the activity of the immune system, causing immunosuppressive states.

The use of antibiotics and other synthetic drugs in such cases does not give the expected effect due to the appearance of a huge number of pathogens resistant to them, as well as due to side effects from the use of dysbacterioses, allergic reactions, etc. [1].

Known methods for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (dysbacteriosis, including protean and fungal, enterocolitis, mainly accompanied by putrefactive and fermentative processes) using medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tonic, antipyretic and regenerating effects, for example, calendula officinalis, St. John's wort , large plantain, upright cinquefoil, common tansy, field horsetail, large burdock, pharmacy chamomile, number common body, oregano, oak bark, and other licorice smooth, common flax, mallow, etc. [2]. So, yarrow infusion in combination with a water-hungry diet, horse sorrel infusion in combination with neomycin are used to treat dyspepsia of newborn calves, common wormwood - for young diarrhea, decoction of warty birch leaves when prescribed half an hour before colostrum is drunk prevents dyspepsia [3] .

These and other medicinal infusions and decoctions can not be used as the main means for the treatment of dyspepsia in newborn calves due to low efficiency, but only as concomitant drugs.

Improving the effectiveness of treatment can be ensured by the use of funds based on increasing immune defense and immunocorrection.

Known methods and means of increasing the natural resistance of the animal organism, stimulating colostral immunity, which include the use of novocaine blockade [4], subcutaneous administration of T- and B-activin preparations [5], the use of gamma globulins, protein hydrolysates, citrated blood, autohemotherapy, allogeneic sera [6, 7, 8, 9].

The closest analogue is the use in animals of gastrointestinal diseases of calves of blood serum of animals-convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota-coronaviruses in titers of 1:64 and 1: 128, respectively [10].

The disadvantage of these drugs is low efficiency, because they do not provide increased resistance of the organism and do not quickly restore the balance of micro- and macro-elements of the host organism.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves proceeding as an associated infection of viral-bacterial etiology.

This goal is achieved by the use of a phytopreparation, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of equal amounts of grass and purple echinacea inflorescences Echinazea purpurea, common harmonica grass Peganum harmala, linden blossoms of small-leaved Tilia cordata, and licorice roots of bare blood Glycyrrhiza seruma glab convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively.

The method is as follows.

Patient calves are injected subcutaneously with blood serum of animal convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 10.0 ml for 10 days at intervals of 48-72 hours and an additional phytomedicine is used inside. , which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of equal amounts of grass and purple Echinacea inflorescences Echinazea purpurea, common harmonica grass Peganum harmala, small-leaved linden flowers Tilia cordata and licorice roots Glycyrrhiza glabra, in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution ze 2.0-2.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery.

Herbal ingredients are widely used in herbal medicine. The rationale for choosing the components of the composition was data on the pharmacological properties and chemical composition of the medicinal plant material. Each component contains biologically active substances that act simultaneously on all links of pathogenesis, the symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, and also have a pronounced antimicrobial effect on pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora in the external environment.

The grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower Echinazea purpurea have immunomodulating activity, inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that enhances the permeability of viruses and microbes, increase the antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, macrophages and blood neutrophils and increase the synthesis of protective antibodies and endogenous interferes.

The grass of the harmonica ordinary Peganum harmala has a pronounced antimicrobial activity, confirmed by pharmacological studies, provides the anticholinesterase action of the collection.

Inflorescences, buds, linden leaves of small-leaved Tilia cordata have disinfectant, bactericidal, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, vitamin and soothing properties.

Glycyrrhiza glabra licorice root, total purified substances from it, as well as individual substances combine the following pharmacotherapeutic types of action: anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-tumor, anti-viral, immunotropic, anti-allergic, hepatoprotective and antidote, antioxidant and mineralocort.

The chemical composition of the phytopreparation is represented by a complex of biologically active substances, providing its high pharmacotherapeutic effect. The dominant biologically active substances are: essential oil, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, trace elements, the main of which can be considered zinc, selenium and iron.

Flavonoids (containing all components) inhibit the enzyme catechol-ortho-methyltransferase and provide the adaptive-trophic function of the body due to the adrenoprolonging effect. Flavonoids have P-vitamin (capillary-strengthening) activity. In the total anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids, their direct effect on cell and tissue membranes is important - a decrease in their permeability, densification of lysosome membranes, inhibition of hyaluronidase, antagonistic effect against inflammatory mediators (Lovkova M.Ya., Rabinovich AM, Ponomareva S.M. and etc. Why are plants treated? - M .: Nauka, 1989. - 265 p.).

Polysaccharides (contain all components) have anti-inflammatory and immunocorrective effects. They stimulate nonspecific immunity and phagocytosis, the activity of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as bactericidal function of cells.

Essential oils (contain all components) are distinguished by several types of activity (antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and expectorant), the details and degree of which varies. So, the antimicrobial effect has a wide spectrum and is non-specific. Its mechanism is complex and consists in the destruction of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria with subsequent violation of metabolism, aerobic respiration, and the synthesis process. Essential oils act more strongly on coccal microflora (staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, etc.) than on rod-shaped ones, however, many pathogens of the typhoid-dysenteric group are also sensitive to them. Anti-inflammatory activity is manifested in the protection of cells from further damage, in weakening the exudative phase of the process, in leukocyte and macrophage infiltration, in enhancing cell proliferation. It is partly due to the antioxidant effect, as a result, lysosomal, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic membranes stabilize, capillary permeability decreases, and the phagocytic activity of macrophages and leukocytes increases.

Phenolic compounds (contain all components) have an antimicrobial effect, the mechanism of which is due to their ability to be sorbed by the components of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, form strong hydrogen bonds with proteins and damage the membrane, in particular increasing its permeability to ions (primarily potassium) and important metabolites lost by the cell , as well as for water coming from the outside and contributing to lysis.

78% of the total amount of alkaloids contained in the grass of common harmonica is peganin. Pharmacological studies have shown that 1% and 10% infusions of common harmonica grass have high antistaphylococcal activity, and a 0.25% peganin solution has high antimicrobial activity.

Tannins (naked licorice - up to 9.46%, echinacea purpurea - 9.0%, common harmonica - at least 8.0%), exhibiting a membrane-stabilizing effect, restore the repair processes in hepatocytes and improve the liver antioxidant system.

Vitamins (vitamin C - contain all components, vitamin A - echinacea purpurea, harmala vulgaris (vitamin A provitamin), vitamin E - licorice naked) are involved in all metabolic processes, increase the body's resistance to diseases, have anti-inflammatory effects, and contribute to detoxification of the body.

Trace element zinc (echinacea purpurea, common harmonica - 0.78 mcg / g, small-leaved linden - 29.0 mcg / g, licorice - 0.33 mcg / g) is involved in the body's immune processes, selenium (echinacea purpurea, ordinary garmala - 1.0 μg / g, small-leaved linden - 0.13 μg / g, naked licorice - 12.14 μg / g) is a powerful antioxidant, and in combination with vitamin E it enhances the formation of antibodies, copper (common harmonica - 0.37 μg / g, small-leaved linden - 8.36 μg / g, naked licorice - 0.2 μg / g) has a pronounced immunomodulating effect, it is necessary for the accumulation of iron and enhances the action of zinc, and iron (echinacea purpurea - 0.48 mg / g, small-leaved linden - 0.2 mg / g, common harmala - 0.14 mg / g, naked licorice - 0.7 mg / g) is the main structural component of blood hemoglobin and heme-containing enzymes.

All plants of the phytopreparation have an antimicrobial effect, and the herb and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have a virus-neutralizing property, bare licorice root prevents the spread of viral infection in the body, which ensures the elimination (weakening) of the causes of the disease; anti-inflammatory (all components), expectorant (small-leaved linden, licorice root naked), antispasmodic (licorice naked), analgesic (common harmonica) effect, reduces pathogenetic changes, and immunomodulatory activity of echinacea purpurea and licorice root barely enhances the protective mechanisms .

The high efficiency of the phytopreparation is achieved due to the combination of a whole complex of biologically active substances, as a result of which there is a mutual strengthening of the beneficial pharmacological properties of each individual component.

An alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of equal amounts of grass and purple coneflowers, common harmonica grass, small-leaved linden flowers and licorice roots is prepared by the pharmacopeia method in a ratio of raw material and extractor of 1:10. Ethanol with a concentration of 70% is used as an extractant. Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles 1-3 mm in size, mixed in equal amounts, a weighed portion of the raw material is placed in a glass vessel, the calculated amount of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% is added, it is kept for 7 days in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Then the alcohol tincture is filtered through a canvas or two layers of gauze, squeezing the raw materials, filtered.

The effectiveness of the method of treating gastrointestinal diseases of calves of a polyetiological nature was determined in scientific and production experiments under conditions of a farm that was long-term unsuccessful for gastrointestinal diseases caused by exposure to virus associations, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora against the background of violation of the conditions of keeping and feeding of pregnant cows and calves. Virological and bacteriological studies confirmed the etiological role of coronavirus companies - antibody titer ranged from 1: 4 to 1:32, pasteurell, salmonella, protea and Escherichia. Incidence - 85-95%, mortality - 22-30%. The treatment was carried out when the first clinical signs appeared, which were manifested by depression, decreased appetite, in some cases, an increase in temperature, after a diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical examination, laboratory tests, and postmortem autopsy.

Example 1. The effectiveness of treatment depending on the dose of a phytopreparation was determined on sick calves 20-30 days of age after a diagnosis was established on the basis of a comprehensive analysis with mandatory virological and bacteriological studies, divided into 5 groups: 4 groups — experimental, 1 group — control. Calves of all groups were subcutaneously injected with blood serum of animals of convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 10.0 ml once a day for 10 days with an interval of 48 hours. The calves of the experimental groups additionally used phytopreparation in the form of an 8% aqueous solution at intervals of 12 hours at doses of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 ml / kg of animal body weight until persistent signs of recovery appeared. The calves of the control group were treated with traditional methods using symptomatic agents. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 1).

The research results (table 1) confirmed the validity of the therapeutic dose of 2.0-2.5 ml / kg of animal weight. Doses below the minimum and above the maximum provided an increase in therapeutic efficacy relative to the control group, but were not economically feasible.

Example 2. The effectiveness of treatment depending on the concentration of an aqueous solution of a phytopreparation was determined on sick calves 10-20 days of age after a diagnosis was established on the basis of a comprehensive analysis with mandatory virological and bacteriological studies, divided into 3 groups: 2 groups - experimental, 1 group - control . The calves of all groups were subcutaneously injected with blood serum of animals of convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 10.0 ml once a day for 10 days with an interval of 72 hours. The calves of the experimental groups additionally used phytopreparation in the form of 7% and 8% aqueous solution with an interval of 12 hours at a dose of 2.5 ml / kg body weight of the animal before clinical recovery. The calves of the control group were treated by traditional methods using symptomatic agents (nitrofuran preparations). The treatment was carried out until persistent signs of recovery appeared, while the duration of the disease and the safety of the calves in all groups were taken into account (table 2).

table 2 The effectiveness of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases depending on the concentration of an aqueous solution of a phytopreparation Indicators Groups of animals experience the control n = 35 n = 40 n = 36 subcutaneous injection of blood serum of animals of convalescence in a dose of 10.0 ml for 10 days with an interval of 72 hours and inside phytopreparation with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery at a dose of 2.5 ml / kg of animal body weight in the form of an aqueous solution of concentration Nitrofuran preparations 7% 8% Recover, goal. 35 40 33 It’s fallen, a goal. 0 0 2 Forced killed goal. one Therapeutic efficacy,% one hundred one hundred 91.7 Preservation,% one hundred one hundred 91.7 Duration of treatment, days 3 3 5

The research results (table 2) confirmed the validity of the claimed concentration of an aqueous solution of herbal medicine. As can be seen from table 2, both concentrations provided comparable performance indicators.

Example 3. The effectiveness of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves of the claimed method was determined in comparison with the closest analogue on sick calves of 20-30 days of age, divided into 3 groups: 1 group - experimental, 2 groups - control. The diagnosis was established on the basis of a comprehensive analysis with mandatory virological and bacteriological studies. Clinical examination of patients revealed a depressed state of calves, anorexia, increased intestinal motility, feces liquid yellow or gray-yellow in color contained a large amount of mucus. Body temperature was normal or low. The nasal speculum was dry, ears, tail, lower limbs cold, tactile sensitivity was reduced, the pulse was threadlike, heart sounds were deaf, breathing was difficult and quickened, the visible mucous membranes were bluish in color. Calves of all groups were injected subcutaneously with blood serum of animals of convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 10.0 ml once a day for 10 days with an interval of 72 hours. The calves of the experimental group were additionally treated with a phytopreparation, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of equal amounts of grass and purple Echinacea inflorescences Echinazea purpurea, common harmonica grass Peganum harmala, small-leaved linden flowers Tilia cordata and licorice roots in the form of a glaicra solution of 7% glycyr dose of 2.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery, and the calves of the control group - antibiotics, plasma replacement and rehydration agents. Clinical studies were conducted daily to monitor the condition of the animals. The course of the disease was taken into account. Blood samples were taken before treatment (clinical stage of the disease) and three days after its completion (postclinical stage). After recovery for a month, the growth and development of animals was monitored. The results are presented in tables 3, 4 and 5.

Table 3 The comparative effectiveness of the proposed and known methods of treating gastrointestinal diseases of calves Indicators Method of treatment subcutaneously injected blood serum of animals of convalescents in a dose of 10.0 ml for 10 days with an interval of 72 hours antibiotics, plasma replacement and rehydration agents inside phytopreparation in the form of a 7% aqueous solution at a dose of 2.5 ml / kg body weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery inside tincture of yarrow herb with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery Number of animals, goal. 28 28 28 Recover, goal. 28 25 23 The form of the disease,% mild
heavy one
2 one
four Duration of the disease, days 3 four 7 Efficiency% 100.0 89.28 82.14 Fell or forcedly killed, goal. - 2 four

Table 4 The level of natural resistance in calves, depending on the method of treatment of gastrointestinal diseases Indicators Method of treatment subcutaneously injected blood serum of animals of convalescents in a dose of 10.0 ml for 9 days with an interval of 48 hours antibiotics, plasma replacement and rehydration agents inside phytopreparation in the form of a 7% aqueous solution at a dose of 4.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery inside tincture of millennium-grass with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery Number of animals, goal. 28 28 28 Functional activity of blood neutrophils,% - spontaneous test

- induced test

Immunoglobulins, mg / ml IgG

IgM

Lysozyme activity of blood serum,%

Bactericidal activity of blood serum,%

* in the numerator - indicators before the start, in the denominators - 3 days after the last use of drugs

In the 1st group, in all calves, on the 2nd day of treatment, the appetite returned to normal, feces became dense, and the frequency of bowel movements was 4 times a day. Animals recovered on day 3 of treatment. In the 2nd group, 17 calves on the 2nd day and 5 on the 3rd day of treatment showed an improvement in their general condition: pulse and respiration rate returned to normal, appetite returned to normal, feces acquired a more dense consistency, and the frequency of bowel movements decreased to 5 times a day. Animals recovered on day 4 of treatment. 2 calves fell (diagnosis - colibacillosis). In the 3rd group, in 10 calves on the 4th day of treatment and in 13 calves - on the 6th day of treatment, an increase in appetite was observed, feces acquired a normal consistency, the frequency of bowel movements - 4 times a day. 3 calves fell and 1 calf was forcedly killed (diagnosis - company-coronavirus infection). Recovery occurred on day 7 (table 3). After recovery, a change in the indices of natural resistance was noted in all groups. Thus, the functional activity of blood neutrophils in a spontaneous test increased in the 1st group by 61.8% compared with 29.0% and 21.8% in the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively, in the induced test in the 1st 78.9% group compared to 30.5% in the 2nd and 27.6% in the 3rd group; lysozyme activity of blood serum increased in the 1st group by 225.0% compared with 117.0% and 30.7% in the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively; the bactericidal activity of blood serum in the 1st group increased by 37.46%, in the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively, by 7.3 and 5.5%. The level of IgG immunoglobulins decreased in the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively, by 16.8% and 20.3%, and in the 1st one slightly increased by 1.55%, and the IgM level decreased in all groups, but if in 1 group, this decrease was 8.3%, then in the 2nd and 3rd groups it was more significant - 11.8% and 15.5%, respectively. The average daily weight gain in the first group was higher than in the second group by 4.92% than in the 3rd group - by 26.53% (table 5). During the period of repeated mass disease of gastrointestinal diseases of calves of the same age group as the calves of the experimental groups, the experimental animals did not get sick and became more resistant to other diseases.

The above examples show that the claimed method for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves of viral-bacterial etiology is highly effective, which is achieved by increasing the body's resistance and quickly restoring the balance of micro- and macroelements of the host organism.

Information sources

1. Antibiotics, sulfonamides and nitrofurans in veterinary medicine: Reference book / V.K. Kovalev, I.B.Volkov, B.V. Violin, etc. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1988. - 233 p.

2. Chervyakov D.K. et al. Medicines in veterinary medicine. Directory. Ed. 2nd, M .: Kolos, 1977 .-- C.113-146.

3. Veterinary Medicine, 1999, No. 4, S.7-12.

4. Veterinary medicine, 1989, No. 9, S.50-51.

5. Temporary guidance on the use of T-activin. Approved by the GUV Gosagroprom of the USSR, 433-7 from 04/01/1988; Temporary instructions for the use of B-activin. Approved by the GUV Gosagroprom of the USSR, 434-7 from 04/01/1988.

6. Veterinary Medicine, 1970, No. 3, P.88-89.

7. Chernukha V.K. The use of non-specific gamma globulin for dyspepsia in newborn calves. In the book. "Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases of young farm animals", M., 1968.

8. Movsun-Zade I.K. The use of protein hydrolysates in the treatment and prevention of internal non-communicable diseases of young animals. M., 1968.

9. Kvetkov V.P. Ecological immune preparations for veterinary medicine and medicine (general biological principles of construction), ed. Kurgan state. honey. Institute. Kurgan, 1992.

10. RF patent No. 2150290, 2000. - analogue.

Claims (1)

A method for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves with a phytopreparation, including subcutaneous injection of blood serum of animals-convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to the mouth - and coronaviruses, characterized in that they additionally apply 70% alcohol tincture from a shredded plant mixture of equal amounts of grass and echinacea purpurea inflorescences Echinazea purpurea, herbs of the harmonica peganum harmala, linden flowers of small-leaved Tilia cordata and licorice roots Glycyrrhiza glabra, obtained at a ratio of raw material to extractor 1:10 and aged th at 15-20 ° C for 7 days in a 8.7% aqueous solution, at a dose of 2.0-2.5 ml / kg body weight of the animal at an interval of 12 hours prior to clinical recovery.