RU2385733C1 - Treatment-and-prophylactic agent for young farm animals and method for prevention of respiratory diseases in calves with application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, veterinary science. ^ SUBSTANCE: treatment-and-prophylactic agent for young farm animals represents an alcoholate of milled vegetable mixture of purple coneflower herb and blossom clusters, Syrian rue herb, tillet blossom and licorice roots in equal amounts. Prevention of respiratory diseases in calves with underlying passive immunisation is ensured by subcutaneous injection of a hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to viruses PG-3, IRT and VD-BS in titres not less than 1:1280, 1:256 and 1:1024 respectively in a dose 1.0 ml/kg of an animal's live weight, threefold every 10 days, with intake of the treatment-and-prophylactic agent representing alcoholate of milled vegetable mixture of purple coneflower herb and blossom clusters, Syrian rue herb, tillet blossom and licorice roots taken in equal amopunts, in the form of 7-8% aqueous solution in a preventive dose 1.5-2.5 ml/kg of the animal's live weight every 12-24 hours during 15 days. ^ EFFECT: invention provides improved effectiveness of prevention. ^ 2 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, relates to a therapeutic agent for young farm animals and can be used to prevent respiratory diseases of calves.

Massive respiratory diseases of young farm animals are complex infectious processes in which at various stages of the development of pathology bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas in various combinations take part. The initiating mechanism of acute respiratory diseases of calves are viruses (mainly parainfluenza-3 viruses, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea-mucous membranes, respiratory syncytial virus), which cause damage to the hereditary structure of cells, which reduces resistance to bacterial infections. Massive respiratory diseases occur as mixed viral and viral-bacterial infections, which are characterized by a particularly malignant course, which are difficult to diagnose, since a secondary bacterial infection “masks” the primary viral disease. Associated viral and bacterial pathogens, being an etiological factor, create a number of problems in the treatment of sick animals. Infection with most viruses leads to the accumulation of humoral antibodies. However, their level drops rapidly, which leads to the development of a secondary immune response and a modification of the disease.

Known methods for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases of calves based on antibiotic therapy. The main principles of antibiotic therapy for respiratory diseases are: the use of high single and daily doses, the continuity of administration, the duration of administration until the disappearance of signs of the inflammatory process, the use of various routes of administration [1]. However, it was found that the use of antibiotics for respiratory pathologies leads to inhibition of the activity of a number of tissue enzymes and factors of humoral and cellular immunity [2]. This drawback is eliminated by the inclusion in antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment regimens of agents that increase natural resistance and immunological protection (vitamins, trace elements, non-specific immunoglobulin, serum convalescents, etc.) [3]. An alternative to antibiotic therapy is herbal medicine. The value of medicinal plants lies in the fact that they are low toxic, gently affect the body, and can be used for a long time. Thus, the collection of medicinal herbs, including dioecious nettle, large burdock, pharmacy chamomile, common oregano, St. John's wort, perforated and common wormwood, increased the preservation of calves in respiratory diseases by 10-32% [4], and the collection, including hypericum perforatum, thyme creeping, peppermint, coltsfoot, activation of the immune systems, in particular T and phagocytic, which aggravate the pathological process and the effectiveness of the treatment of respiratory diseases [5]. The basis of the reduced resistance of the animal organism is immunodeficiency, against which animals become infected with bacterial and viral pathogens, and inflammatory processes more often occur with irreversible morphological disorders in the cells of organs and tissues.

The calf’s immune status in respiratory diseases is increased by passive immunization with the use of immune blood serum from animals containing antibodies to pathogens that form the virus-bacterial background of the livestock complex or immune blood serum from animal donors [6], for example, hyperimmune serum containing hemagglutinins to the IRT and PG viruses -3 and VD-BS [7].

The technical result consists in creating a new drug, which is simple to manufacture, with an extended spectrum of action and a high effect of exposure to respiratory diseases of calves on the background of passive immunization.

Obtaining this result is achieved by using a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of equal amounts of grass and purple coneflower inflorescences, common harmonica grass, small-leaved linden flowers and bare licorice roots, which is poured with ethyl alcohol at 70% concentration at a ratio of 1:10 , kept in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 7 days, filtered, wringing out the raw materials, and filtered.

The used ingredients of the therapeutic agent are widely used in herbal medicine. The proposed collection contains all the necessary substances, the combined use of which has an effective effect on the animal's body with respiratory diseases.

The claimed collection has a bronchodilator effect, promotes sputum discharge, has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, exhibits antiviral and antimicrobial activity, helps restore the functions of the bronchopulmonary system, has detoxification properties, regulates metabolic processes and increases the body's resistance.

The grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have immunomodulating activity, inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that enhances the permeability of viruses and microbes, increase the antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, macrophages and blood neutrophils, and increase the synthesis of protective antibodies and endogenous interferon.

The grass of harmonica vulgaris has a pronounced antimicrobial activity, confirmed by pharmacological studies, provides a bronchodilator action of the collection, promotes the discharge of sputum.

Small-leaved linden flowers have immunomodulating effects, which are manifested in action on the humoral and cellular mechanisms of immunity, lymphocyte migration, interferon synthesis and complement system, and anti-inflammatory effect.

The roots and rhizomes of licorice naked provide bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory action of the collection. In addition, they enhance the healing effects of other herbs included in the collection.

The chemical composition of the therapeutic and prophylactic agent is represented by a complex of biologically active substances providing its high pharmacotherapeutic effect. The dominant biologically active substances are: phenolic compounds, flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, tannins, vitamins, trace elements, the main of which can be considered zinc, selenium and iron.

Flavonoids (containing all components) inhibit the enzyme catechol-ortho-methyltransferase and provide the adaptive-trophic function of the body due to the adrenoprolonging effect. Flavonoids have P-vitamin (capillary-strengthening) activity. In the total anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids, their direct effect on cell and tissue membranes is important - a decrease in their permeability, densification of lysosome membranes, inhibition of hyaluronidase, antagonistic effect against inflammatory mediators.

Polysaccharides (contain all components) have an anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective effect. They stimulate nonspecific immunity and phagocytosis, the activity of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as bactericidal function of cells.

Phenolic compounds (contain all components) have an antimicrobial effect, the mechanism of which is due to their ability to be sorbed by the components of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, form strong hydrogen bonds with proteins and damage the membrane, in particular, increasing its permeability to ions (primarily potassium) and important metabolites lost cell, as well as for water coming from the outside and contributing to lysis.

78% of the total amount of alkaloids contained in the grass of common harmonica is peganin. Pharmacological studies have shown that 1% and 10% infusions of common harmonica grass have high antistaphylococcal activity, and a 0.25% peganin solution has high antimicrobial activity.

Tannins (naked licorice - up to 9.46%, small-leaved linden - at least 8.0%), exhibiting a membrane-stabilizing effect, restore the repair processes in hepatocytes and improve the functioning of the antioxidant system of the liver.

Vitamins (vitamin C - small-leaved linden flowers, purple coneflower; vitamin E - naked licorice, vitamin A - purple coneflower) are involved in all metabolic processes, increase the body's resistance to diseases, have anti-inflammatory effects, and contribute to detoxification of the body.

Trace element zinc (small-leaved linden 29 μg / g, licorice 0.33 μg / g, harmala vulgaris 0.78 μg / g) is involved in the body in immune processes, selenium (licorice 12.14 μg / g, harmala vulgaris 1, 0 μg / g, small-leaved linden 0.13 μg / g) is a powerful antioxidant, and iron (echinacea purpurea 48 mg / 100 g, small-leaved linden 0.2 mg / g, harmala vulgaris 0.14 mg / g, licorice 0 , 7 mg / g,) - the main structural component of blood hemoglobin and heme-containing enzymes.

High collection efficiency is achieved through the combination of a whole complex of biologically active substances, as a result of which there is a mutual strengthening of the beneficial pharmacological properties of each individual component. So, the combination of vitamins A, C and zinc stimulates the synthesis of antibodies, the combination of flavonoids and tannins provides a hepatoprotective effect, and the combination of flavonoids and phenologic glycosides enhances the detoxification function of the liver. The collection has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, bronchodilator and adaptogenic effects.

The tincture from the crushed plant mixture of grass and purple coneflowers, common harmonica grass, small-leaved linden flowers and licorice roots is prepared in the pharmacopeia method in a ratio of raw material to extractor 1:10. Ethanol with a concentration of 70% is used as an extractor. Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles 1-3 mm in size, mixed in equal amounts, a weighed portion of the raw material is placed in a glass vessel, the calculated amount of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% is added, it is kept for 7 days in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Then the alcohol tincture is filtered through a canvas or two layers of gauze, squeezing the raw materials, filtered.

Example: 500 g of medicinal raw material was placed in a glass jar (equal amounts from the herb and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea, common harmonica grass, linden blossoms and licorice roots), 5.0 L of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% were added, placed in a dark place and kept at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 7 days, after which it was filtered through a canvas, squeezing the raw materials, and filtered.

For the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves of viral and bacterial etiology against the background of passive immunization against parainfluenza-3 viruses (PG-3), infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT) and viral diarrhea of the mucous membranes (VD-BS), a therapeutic and prophylactic agent is used, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and Echinacea purpurea inflorescences, common harmonica grass, small-leaved linden flowers and bare licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, and for passive immunization - hyperimmune serum, with containing specific antibodies to PG-3, IRT and VD-BS viruses in titres no lower than 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively.

A method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves using a therapeutic agent, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple coneflower inflorescences, common harmonica grass, small-leaved linden flowers and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, against the background of passive immunization is as follows .

70% alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of herbs and purple coneflowers, common harmala grass, linden blossoms and licorice roots in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution prepared in boiled chilled water is used orally at a dose of 1.5-2, 5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval of 12-24 hours for 15 days in addition to subcutaneous injection of hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to the viruses PG-3, IRT and VD-BS in titres no lower than 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg body weight of the animal three times with an interval of 10 days.

The effectiveness of the method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves with the use of a therapeutic and prophylactic agent, which is an alcohol tincture from a crushed plant mixture of grass and purple echinacea inflorescences, common harmonica grass, small-leaved linden flowers and licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, against the background of passive immunization against viruses PG-3, ИРТ and ВД-БС were determined in scientific and production experiments in the conditions of farms, long-term unfavorable for young diseases caused by exposure on the organism of associations of viruses, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora against the background of violations of the conditions for keeping cows and calves. Virological and bacteriological studies confirmed the etiological role of PG-3, IRT and VD-BS - antibody titer ranged from 1: 4 to 1:32, pasteurell, salmonella, protea and streptococci. Incidence of 60%, mortality of 15-20%. Clinically, the disease was characterized by an increase in body temperature to 41.5 ° C, increased heart rate to 139 beats in 1 min and breathing to 80 respiratory movements in 1 min, hyperemia of the mucous membranes, spreading to the nasal speculum by serous-mucous outflows from the nasal openings and eyes. In calves compelled to be killed during the acute course of the lungs, red densified areas, signs of enphysema, mucopurulent exudate in the trachea and bronchi, signs of hemorrhagic catarrhal gastroenteritis were found in the lungs. The pharyngeal and bronchial nodes are enlarged.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Prophylactic efficacy depending on the dose of a therapeutic agent in accordance with the invention was determined on clinically healthy calves 30-45 days of age, divided into 5 groups: 4 groups — experienced, 1 group — control. Calves of all groups were subcutaneously injected with hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to PG-3, IRT and VD-BS viruses in titres of at least 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg of animal weight three times with an interval of 10 days. The calves of the experimental groups additionally used the claimed agent in the form of a 7% aqueous solution for 15 days with an interval of 24 hours in doses of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.0 ml / kg of animal weight. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 1). The research results (table 1) confirmed the validity of the proposed dosage of 1.5-2.5 ml / kg of animal weight.

Table 1: The effectiveness of the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, depending on the dose of the therapeutic agent Indicators Prevention Method inside tincture of grass and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea, common harmonica grass, small-leaved linden flowers and bare licorice roots, taken in equal amounts, with an interval of 24 hours in a dose, ml / kg body weight subcutaneous hyperimmune serum * at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg body weight three times with an interval of 10 days
n-44 (control) 0.5 1,5 2.5 3.0 and subcutaneous hyperimmune serum * at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg live weight three times with an interval of 10 days n = 46 n = 44 n = 45 n = 45 Ill, goal. 8 6 four four 8 It’s a goal. 2 2 0 0 3 Preventive efficacy,% 82.6 86.4 91.1 91.1 81.8 The form of the disease,% light 3 four 3 four four heavy 5 2 one - four * hyperimmune serum contains specific antibodies to PG-3, IRT and VD-BS viruses in titres of at least 1: 1280, 1: 256 and
1: 1024 respectively

Example 2. The comparative effectiveness of the method for the prevention of respiratory diseases using a therapeutic agent in accordance with the invention and known methods was determined on clinically healthy calves 30-45 days of age, divided into four groups. The calves of all groups were subcutaneously injected with hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to the PG-3, IRT and VD-BS viruses in titres no lower than 1: 1280.1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg of animal weight three times with an interval of 10 days and additionally inside was used for 15 days with an interval of 24 hours: the first group is a therapeutic and prophylactic agent in accordance with the invention in the form of an 8% aqueous solution at a dose of 2.0 ml / kg of animal weight: the second group - water extract from the herbs of St. John's wort perforated, creeping thyme, peppermint and coltsfoot, taken in equal amounts, in a dose of 100 ml, the third group - infusion from the collection of medicinal herbs, including dioecious nettle, large burdock, pharmacy chamomile, common oregano, perforated St. John's wort, large plantain, mother plantain coltsfoot and sowing oats in a dose of 300 ml. In the fourth group, additional drugs were not used. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 2).

Table 2: The comparative effectiveness of the claimed and known methods for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves Indicators Groups of animals 1-n = 45 2-n = 42 3-n = 40 4-n = 42 Applied drugs GIS * + declared tool GIS + analogue tool GIS + herbs GIS Ill, goal. four four 5 8 Preventive efficiency,% 91.1 90.5 87.5 81 The form of the disease,% light 3 3 2 2 heavy one one 3 6 Recover, goal. four 3 3 5 Therapeutic efficacy,% one hundred 75 60 63.3 It’s a goal. 0 one 2 3 Duration of treatment, days 10 12 fourteen 16 * hyperimmune serum

Studies have shown that the therapeutic and prophylactic agent has a variety of pharmacological activity, significantly increases the oxidation-reduction processes in the body, activates a number of enzyme systems, and stimulates the body's resistance of the calves to harmful environmental influences, infections, and other adverse factors. The use of a therapeutic and prophylactic agent has a preventive focus and has a positive effect during the period of the disease.

Information sources

1. Danilevsky V.M. Internal non-communicable diseases of farm animals. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1991. - P.148

2. Sat scientific tr Ohm. SHI. - Omsk, 1987. - P.81

3. Quick reference veterinarian / Altukhov N.M., Afanasyev V.I., Bashkirov B.A. and others. - M .: VO Agropromizdat, 1990. - P.368-369

4. Veterinary medicine, No. 4, S.11-13

5. RU 2250110 C1, 2005

6. Immunoprophylaxis of animal diseases. Lane with it. N.B. Chernykh. - M .: Kolos, 1981. - S.274-277

7. RU 2287994, 2006

Claims (2)

1. A therapeutic and prophylactic agent for young farm animals, which is an alcohol tincture of plant materials, characterized in that a mixture of equal amounts of grass and purple coneflowers, common harmonica grass, small-leaved linden flowers and licorice roots is used as plant raw materials. pour ethyl alcohol of 70% concentration at a ratio of 1:10, incubated in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 7 days, filter, squeezing the raw materials, and filter. 2. A method for the prevention of respiratory diseases of calves, including passive immunization, characterized in that passive immunization is carried out by subcutaneous injection of hyperimmune serum containing specific antibodies to the viruses PG-3, IRT and VD-BS in titres no lower than 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg of live weight of the animal three times with an interval of 10 days, and additionally, the therapeutic and prophylactic agent according to claim 1 is used inside as an aqueous solution of 7-8% concentration at a dose of 1.5 -2.5 ml / kg body weight of the animal for 15 days and in the interval 12-24 hr.