RU2497531C2 - Method of treating gastrointestinal diseases in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: declared invention refers to veterinary science, and aims at treating gastrointestinal diseases in calves. A method involves using the subcutaneous injections of convascelent's blood serum containing rota- and coronavirus antihemagglutinin in titres 1:128 and 1:64 respectively. The serum is introduced in a dose of 10.0 ml once a day for 9 days every 48 hours. That is combined with administering an infusion of a milled mixture of equal portions of purple Echinacea herb and blossom clusters (Echinazea purpurea), coltsfoot herb (Tussilago farfara), tillet blossom (Tilia cordata) and liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) prepared with the relation of the raw material to extractant that is 70% alcohol - 1:10 and kept at temperature 15-20°C for 7 days in the form of 7-8% aqueous solution in a dose of 3.5-4.5 ml/kg of animal's body weight every 12 hours to the clinical recovery.

EFFECT: use of the declared invention provides the higher body resistance and faster recovery of the animal's body micro- and macroelement balance.

5 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of various etiologies with diarrhea syndrome in calves.

Diseases of young farm animals are complex infectious processes in which at various stages of the development of pathology bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas in various combinations take part. Gastrointestinal diseases of calves of the prophylactic period are associated infections with a combination of entero-, pneumotropic pathogens of a viral and bacterial nature. The main members of associations representing an epizootic hazard are pathogenic microorganisms: chlamydia, leptospira, listeria, salmonella; viruses - IRT-PG-3, company-coronaviruses, VD-BS and conditionally pathogenic - mycoplasmas, pasteurella, enterotoxigenic serovariants of Escherichia coli, streptococci, staphylococci in various combinations from two to five. Infection with most viruses leads to the accumulation of humoral antibodies. However, their level drops rapidly, which leads to the development of a secondary immune response and a modification of the disease. In calves who have had rota-coronavirus diarrhea, respiratory diseases at 45-60 days of age are more often recorded. The complexity of the fight is due to the multicomponent nature of microorganisms, each of which has specific properties of relationships both with the macroorganism and with each other, inhibiting the activity of the immune system, causing immunosuppressive states.

The use of antibiotics and other synthetic drugs in such cases does not give the expected effect due to the appearance of a huge number of pathogens resistant to them, as well as due to side effects from the use of dysbacterioses, allergic reactions, etc. [1].

Known methods for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (dysbacteriosis, including protean and fungal, enterocolitis, mainly accompanied by putrefactive and fermentation processes) using medicinal plants that have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, tonic, antipyretic and regenerating effects, for example, calendula officinalis, St. John's wort perforated, large plantain, upright cinquefoil, common tansy, field horsetail, large burdock, pharmacy chamomile, chi common body, oregano, oak bark, etc. smooth licorice, common flax, forest mallow, etc. [2] So, yarrow infusion in combination with a water-hungry diet, horse sorrel infusion in combination with neomycin are used to treat dyspepsia of newborn calves , common wormwood - with young diarrhea, decoction of warty birch leaves when prescribed half an hour before colostrum is drunk prevents dyspepsia [3].

These and other medicinal infusions, and decoctions can not be used as the main means for the treatment of dyspepsia in newborn calves due to low efficiency, but only as concomitant drugs.

Improving the effectiveness of treatment can be ensured by the use of funds based on increasing immune defense and immunocorrection.

Known methods and means of increasing the natural resistance of the animal organism, stimulating colostral immunity, which include the use of novocaine blockade [4], subcutaneous administration of T- and B-activin preparations [5], the use of gammaglobulins, protein hydrolysates, citrated blood, autohemotherapy, allogeneic serums [ 6, 7, 8, 9].

The closest analogue is the use in animals with gastrointestinal diseases of calves of blood serum of animals-convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota-coronaviruses in titers of 1:64 and 1: 128, respectively [10],

The disadvantage of these drugs is low efficiency, because they do not provide increased resistance of the organism and do not quickly restore the balance of micro- and macroelements of the host organism

The purpose of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves proceeding as an associated infection of viral bacterial etiology.

This goal is achieved by the use of a phytopreparation, which is an extract from the herb and inflorescences of purple echinacea Echinazea purpurea, coltsfoot Tussilago farfara, linden blossoms of small-leaved Tilia cordata and licorice roots of naked Glycyrrhiza glabra, taken in equal amounts of animal blood in the background, -reconvalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively.

The method is as follows.

Patient calves are injected subcutaneously with blood serum of animal convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 10, 0 ml for 9 days with an interval of 48-72 hours and an additional phytomedicine is used inside. , which is an extract from the grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower Echinazea purpurea, coltsfoot Tussilago farfara, linden blossoms of small-leaved Tilia cordata and licorice roots Glycyrrhiza glabra, taken in equal amounts, in the form of 7-8% aqueous solution in a dose of 3 5-4.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval om at 12 hours before clinical recovery.

Herbal ingredients are widely used in herbal medicine. The rationale for choosing the components of the composition was data on the pharmacological properties and chemical composition of the medicinal plant material. Each component contains biologically active substances that act simultaneously on all links of pathogenesis, the symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, and also have a pronounced antimicrobial effect on pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora in the external environment.

The grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower Echinazea purpurea have immunomodulating activity, inhibit the activity of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that enhances the permeability of viruses and microbes, increase the antimicrobial activity of leukocytes, macrophages and blood neutrophils and increase the synthesis of protective antibodies and endogenous interferes.

Tussilago farfara coltsfoot leaves have disinfectant, anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties.

Inflorescences, buds, linden leaves of small-leaved Tilia cordata have disinfectant, bactericidal, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, vitamin and soothing properties.

Glycyrrhiza glabra licorice root, total purified substances from it, as well as individual substances combine the following pharmacotherapeutic types of action: anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-tumor, anti-viral, immunotropic, anti-allergic, hepatoprotective and antidote, antioxidant and mineralocort.

The chemical composition of the phytopreparation is represented by a complex of biologically active substances, providing its high pharmacotherapeutic effect. The dominant biologically active substances are: essential oil, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, trace elements, the main of which can be considered zinc, selenium and iron.

Flavonoids (containing all components) inhibit the enzyme catechol-ortho-methyltransferase and provide the adaptive-trophic function of the body due to the adrenoprolonging effect. Flavonoids have P-vitamin (capillary-strengthening) activity. In the total anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids, their direct effect on cell and tissue membranes is important - a decrease in their permeability, densification of lysosome membranes, inhibition of hyaluronidase, antagonistic effect against inflammatory mediators / Lovkova M.Ya., Rabinovich A.M., Ponomareva S.M. et al. Why are plants treated? - M .: Nauka, 1989 .-- 265 p. /.

Polysaccharides (contain all components) have anti-inflammatory and immunocorrective effects. They stimulate nonspecific immunity and phagocytosis, the activity of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as bactericidal function of cells.

Essential oils (contain all components) are distinguished by several types of activity (antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and expectorant), the details and degree of which varies. So, the antimicrobial effect has a wide spectrum and is non-specific. Its mechanism is complex and consists in the destruction of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria with subsequent impaired metabolism, aerobic respiration, and the synthesis process. Essential oils act more strongly on coccal microflora (staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, etc.) than on rod-shaped ones, however, many pathogens of the typhoid-dysenteric group are also sensitive to them. Anti-inflammatory activity is manifested in the protection of cells from further damage, in weakening the exudative phase of the process, in leukocyte and macrophage infiltration, in enhancing cell proliferation. It is partly due to the antioxidant effect, as a result, lysosomal, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic membranes stabilize, capillary permeability decreases, and the phagocytic activity of macrophages and leukocytes increases.

Phenolic compounds (contain all components) have an antimicrobial effect, the mechanism of which is due to their ability to be sorbed by the components of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, form strong hydrogen bonds with proteins and damage the membrane, in particular increasing its permeability to ions (primarily potassium) and important metabolites lost by the cell , as well as for water coming from the outside and contributing to lysis.

Vitamins (vitamin C - contain all components, vitamin A - echinacea purpurea, vitamin E - licorice naked) are involved in all metabolic processes, increase the body's resistance to diseases, have anti-inflammatory effects, and contribute to detoxification of the body.

Trace element zinc (echinacea purpurea, small-leaved linden - 29.0 mcg / g, licorice - 0.33 mcg / g) is involved in the body's immune processes, selenium (coltsfoot - 22.9 mcg / g, echinacea purpurea , naked licorice - 12.14 μg / g) is a powerful antioxidant, and iron (echinacea purpurea - 0.48 mg / g, naked licorice - 0.7 mg / g) is the main structural component of blood hemoglobin and heme-containing enzymes.

All plants of the phytopreparation have an antimicrobial effect, and the herb and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea have a virus-neutralizing property, bare licorice root prevents the spread of viral infection in the body, which ensures the elimination (weakening) of the causes of the disease; anti-inflammatory (all components), expectorant (coltsfoot, small-leaved linden, licorice root naked), antispasmodic (licorice naked) action reduces pathogenetic changes, and immunomodulatory activity of purple coneflower and licorice root enhances the protective, compensatory and adaptive mechanisms.

The high efficiency of the phytopreparation is achieved due to the combination of a whole complex of biologically active substances, as a result of which there is a mutual strengthening of the beneficial pharmacological properties of each individual component.

The extract from the grass and inflorescences of purple coneflower, coltsfoot, small-leaved linden flowers and licorice roots is prepared in the pharmacopeia method in a ratio of raw material to extractor 1:10. Ethanol with a concentration of 70% is used as an extractant. Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles with a size of 1-3 mm, mixed in equal amounts, a weighed portion of the raw material is placed in a glass vessel, the calculated amount of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% is added, it is kept for 7 days in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Then the alcohol tincture is filtered through a canvas or two layers of gauze, squeezing the raw materials, filtered.

The effectiveness of the method of treating gastrointestinal diseases of calves of a polyetiological nature was determined in scientific and production experiments under conditions of a farm that had long been unsuccessful for gastrointestinal diseases caused by exposure to virus associations, pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora against the background of violation of the conditions of keeping and feeding of pregnant cows and calves. Virological and bacteriological studies confirmed the etiological role of coronavirus companies - antibody titer ranged from 1: 4 to 1: 32-, pasteurell, salmonella, protea and Escherichia. Incidence - 85-95%, mortality - 22-30%. The treatment was carried out when the first clinical signs appeared, which were manifested by depression, decreased appetite, in some cases, an increase in temperature, after a diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical examination, laboratory tests, and postmortem autopsy.

Example 1. The effectiveness of treatment depending on the dose of a phytopreparation was determined on sick calves 20-30 days of age after a diagnosis was established on the basis of a comprehensive analysis with mandatory virological and bacteriological studies, divided into 5 groups: 4 groups — experimental, 1 group — control. The calves of all groups were subcutaneously injected with blood serum of animals of convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 10.0 ml once a day for 9 days with an interval of 48 hours. The calves of the experimental groups additionally used phytopreparation in the form of a 7% aqueous solution with an interval of 12 hours at doses of 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 6.0 ml / kg of live weight of the animal before clinical recovery. The calves of the control group were treated with traditional methods using symptomatic agents. The results were taken into account according to the main clinical indicators (table 1).

Table 1 The effectiveness of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves, depending on the dose of the therapeutic agent Indicators Groups of animals experience the control n = 40 n = 35 n = 45 n = 40 n = 36 subcutaneous injection of blood serum of animals of convalescence in a dose of 10.0 ml for 9 days with an interval of 48 hours and inside phytopreparation, in the form of a 7% aqueous solution with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery in a dose, ml / kg of animal body weight antibiotics, plasma replacement and rehydration agents 2,5 3,5 4,5 6.0 Recover, goal. 35 33 45 39 31 It’s fallen, a goal. 2 0 0 0 3 Therapeutic efficacy,% 87.5 94.3 one hundred 97.5 86.1 Preservation,% 95.0 one hundred one hundred one hundred 91.7 Duration of treatment, days 9-10 6-7 6-7 5-6 9-10 - - Relapses of the disease, goal. (%) 4 (10.0) 2 (5.7) - - 8 (22.2)

The research results (table 1) confirmed the validity of the therapeutic dose of 3.5-4.5 ml / kg of animal weight. Doses below the minimum and above the maximum provided an increase in therapeutic efficacy relative to the control group, but were not economically feasible.

Example 2. The effectiveness of treatment depending on the concentration of an aqueous solution of a phytopreparation was determined on sick calves 10-20 days of age after a diagnosis was established on the basis of a comprehensive analysis with mandatory virological and bacteriological studies, divided into 3 groups: 2 groups - experimental, 1 group - control . The calves of all groups were subcutaneously injected with blood serum of animals of convalescents containing anti-hemagglutinins to rota and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 10, 0 ml once a day for 9 days with an interval of 72 hours. The calves of the experimental groups additionally used phytopreparation in the form of 7% and 8% aqueous solution with an interval of 12 hours at a dose of 4.5 ml / kg of animal body weight before clinical recovery. The calves of the control group were treated by traditional methods using symptomatic agents (nitrofuran preparations). The treatment was carried out until persistent signs of recovery appeared, while the duration of the disease and the safety of the calves in all groups were taken into account (table 2).

table 2 The effectiveness of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases depending on the concentration of an aqueous solution of a phytopreparation Indicators Groups of animals Experience the control n = 35 n = 40 n = 36 subcutaneous injection of blood serum of animals of convalescence at a dose of 10.0 ml for 9 days with an interval of 72 hours and inside the phytopreparation, with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery, at a dose of 4.5 ml / kg of body weight of the animal in the form of an aqueous solution of concentration Nitrofuran preparations 7% 8% Recover, goal. 35 40 32 It’s fallen, a goal.
Forced killed goal. 0 0 2
2 Therapeutic efficacy,% one hundred one hundred 88.9 Preservation,% one hundred one hundred 88.9 Duration of treatment, days 6 6 9

The research results (table 2) confirmed the validity of the claimed concentration of an aqueous solution of herbal medicine. As can be seen from table 2, both concentrations provided comparable performance indicators.

Example 3. The effectiveness of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves of the claimed method was determined in comparison with the closest analogue on sick calves of 20-30 days of age, divided into 3 groups: 1 group - experimental, 2 groups - control. The diagnosis was established on the basis of a comprehensive analysis with mandatory virological and bacteriological studies. Clinical examination of patients revealed a depressed state of calves, anorexia, increased intestinal motility, feces liquid yellow or gray-yellow in color contained a large amount of mucus. Body temperature was normal or low. The nasal speculum was dry, ears, tail, lower limbs cold, tactile sensitivity was reduced, the pulse was threadlike, heart sounds were deaf, breathing was difficult and quickened, the visible mucous membranes were bluish in color. Calves of all groups were injected subcutaneously with blood serum of animals of convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, at a dose of 10, 0 ml 1 time per day for 9 days with an interval of 48 hours. The calves of the experimental group additionally used phytopreparation inside, which is an extract from the herb and inflorescences of purple echinacea Echinazea purpurea, coltsfoot Tussilago farfara, small-leaved linden flowers Tilia cordata and licorice roots Glycyrrhiza glabra, taken in equal quantities in equal amounts of 7% at a dose of 4.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery, and the calves of the control group received antibiotics, plasma substitutes and rehydration agents. Clinical daily monitoring was performed on the animals. esearch. The course of the disease was taken into account. Blood samples were taken before treatment (clinical stage of the disease) and three days after its completion (postclinical stage). After recovery for a month, the growth and development of animals was monitored. The results are presented in tables 3, 4 and 5.

Table 3 The comparative effectiveness of the proposed and known methods of treating gastrointestinal diseases of calves Indicators Method of treatment subcutaneously injected blood serum of animals of convalescents in a dose of 10.0 ml for 9 days with an interval of 48 hours antibiotics, plasma replacement and rehydration agents inside phytopreparation, in the form of a 7% aqueous solution at a dose of 4.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery inside tincture of yarrow herb with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery Number of animals, goal. 12 fifteen 12 Recover, goal. 12 12 9 Form of the disease,
% light heavy 3 3 Duration of the disease, days 3 5 5 Efficiency% 100.0 80.0 75.0 Fell or forcedly killed, goal. - 3 3

Table 4 The level of natural resistance in calves, depending on the method of treatment of gastrointestinal diseases Indicators Method of treatment subcutaneously injected blood serum of animals of convalescents in a dose of 10.0 ml for 9 days with an interval of 48 hours antibiotics, plasma replacement and rehydration agents inside phytopreparation, in the form of a 7% aqueous solution at a dose of 4.5 ml / kg of live weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery inside tincture of yarrow herb with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery Number of animals, goal. 12 fifteen 12 Functional activity of blood neutrophils,% - spontaneous test

- induced test

Immunoglobulins, mg / ml IgG

IgM

Lysozyme activity of blood serum,%

Bactericidal activity of blood serum,%

* in the numerator - indicators before the start, in the denominators - 3 days after the last use of drugs

Table 5 Dynamics of calves live weight Groups Method of treatment Live weight of calves, kg Gain kg Daily daily weight gain, g one subcutaneous injection of blood serum of animals of convalescence at a dose of 10.0 ml for 9 days with an interval of 49 hours and inside a phytopreparation, with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery, at a dose of 4.5 ml / kg of animal body weight in the form of an aqueous solution of concentration

18.75 625.0 ± 8.0 2 subcutaneous injection of blood serum of animals of convalescence in a dose of 10.0 ml for 9 days with an interval of 48 hours and inside tincture of yarrow grass with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery

16.80 560.0 ± 9.0 3 antibiotics, plasma replacement and rehydration agents

14.85 495.0 ± 8.5 Note: * in the numerator - indicators before treatment, in the denominator - indicators 30 days after treatment

In the 1st group, all calves on the 2nd day of treatment normalized appetite, feces became dense, the frequency of bowel movements - 4 times a day. Animals recovered on day 3 of treatment. In the 2nd group, 8 calves on the 3rd day and 4 on the 4th day of treatment showed an improvement in their general condition: pulse and respiratory rate returned to normal, appetite returned to normal, feces acquired a more dense consistency, and the frequency of bowel movements decreased to 5 times a day. Animals recovered on day 5 of treatment. 1 calf fell and 2 calves were forcibly killed (the diagnosis is colibacteriosis). In the 3rd group, in 4 calves on the 3rd day of treatment and in 5 calves - on the 4th day of treatment, an increase in appetite was observed, feces acquired a normal consistency, the frequency of bowel movements - 4 times a day. 2 calves fell and 1 calf was forced to kill (diagnosis - company-coronavirus infection). Recovery occurred on day 5 (table 3). After recovery, a change in the indices of natural resistance was noted in all groups. Thus, the functional activity of blood neutrophils in a spontaneous test increased in the 1st group by 61.8% compared with 29.0% and 21.8% in the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively, in the induced test in the 1st a 78.9% group compared with 30.5% in the 2nd and 27.6% in the 3rd group; lysozyme activity of blood serum increased in the 1st group by 225.0%) compared with 117.0% and 30.7%) in the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively; bactericidal activity of blood serum in the 1st group increased by 37.46%), in the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively, by 7.3 and 5.5%. The level of IgG immunoglobulins decreased in the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively, by 16.8% and 20.3%, and in the 1st slightly increased by 1.55%, and the IgM level decreased in all groups, but if in 1 group, this decrease was 8.3%), then in the 2nd and 3rd groups it was more significant - 11.8% and 15.5%, respectively. The average daily weight gain in the first group was higher than in the second group by 11.60%, than in the third group - by 26.26%) (table 5). During the period of repeated mass disease of gastrointestinal diseases of calves of the same age group as the calves of the experimental groups, the experimental animals did not become ill and became more resistant to other diseases.

The examples show that the claimed method for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves of viral bacterial etiology is highly effective, which is achieved by increasing the body's resistance and quickly restoring the balance of micro and macro elements of the host organism.

Information sources

1. Antibiotics, sulfonamides and nitrofurans in veterinary medicine: Reference book / V.K. Kovalev, I.B. Volkov, B.V. Violin and others - M .: Agropromizdat, 1988 - 233 p.

2. Chervyakov D.K. et al. Medicines in veterinary medicine. Directory. Ed. 2nd, M .: Kolos, 1977 - S.113-146

3. Veterinary Medicine, 1999, No. 4, S.7-12

4. Veterinary medicine, 1989, No. 9, S.50-51

5. Interim guidance on the use of T-activin. Approved by the GUV Gosagroprom of the USSR, 433-7 from 04/01/1988; Temporary instructions for the use of B-activin. Approved by the GUV Gosagroprom of the USSR, 434-7 from 01/04/1988

6. Veterinary medicine, 1970, No. 3, P.88-89

7. Chernukha V.K. The use of non-specific gamma globulin for dyspepsia in newborn calves. In the book. "Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases of young farm animals", M, 1968

8. Movsun-Zade I.K. The use of protein hydrolysates in the treatment and prevention of internal non-communicable diseases of young animals. M, 1968

9. Kvetkov V.P. Ecological immune preparations for veterinary medicine and medicine (general biological principles of construction), ed. Kurgan state. honey. Institute. Kurgan, 1992

10. RF patent No. 2150290, 2000 - analogue

Claims (1)

A method for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of calves, comprising subcutaneous injection of blood serum of animals-convalescents containing antihemagglutinins to rota- and coronaviruses in titers of 1: 128 and 1:64, respectively, characterized in that the serum is administered at a dose of 10.0 ml once a a day for 9 days with an interval of 48 hours and an additional tincture of a crushed plant mixture of equal amounts of grass and purple echinacea Echinazea purpurea, coltsfoot grass Tussilago farfara, linden blossoms Tilia cordata and licorice roots Glycyrr hiza glabra obtained at a ratio of raw materials to the extractor - 70% alcohol - 1:10 and kept at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 7 days, in the form of a 7-8% aqueous solution, at a dose of 3.5- 4.5 ml / kg body weight of the animal with an interval of 12 hours before clinical recovery.