JP6077265B2 - 自己免疫性疾患の処置剤 - Google Patents
自己免疫性疾患の処置剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6077265B2 JP6077265B2 JP2012230044A JP2012230044A JP6077265B2 JP 6077265 B2 JP6077265 B2 JP 6077265B2 JP 2012230044 A JP2012230044 A JP 2012230044A JP 2012230044 A JP2012230044 A JP 2012230044A JP 6077265 B2 JP6077265 B2 JP 6077265B2
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Description
本発明は、一般に、アミノアルコールおよびそれらの誘導体、さらに具体的には、特定の自己免疫性疾患、例えば、多発性硬化症、末梢神経炎、視神経炎、筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびブドウ膜炎を処置するためのそれらの使用に関する。
多発性硬化症は未知の病態生理学的原因を有する中枢神経系(CNS)の慢性炎症性疾患である。臨床症状は免疫担当細胞による中枢神経系への浸潤と関連する。神経抗原、例えば、ミエリン塩基性タンパク質に向けられている特異的T細胞集団は、末梢において証明されている。これは本疾患の発症における自己免疫応答の関与を示す。このT細胞介在自己免疫性疾患に対する特定の処置は存在しないが、患者は炎症進行の程度を限定するため、アザチオプリンおよびコルチコステロイドを含む免疫抑制療法を受ける。しかしながら、多発性硬化症の免疫抑制療法は一部に効果があるだけで、ほとんどの場合、抗炎症および免疫抑制療法にもかかわらず、疾患進行の遅延を提供するだけである。
R1はハロゲン、トリハロメチル、OH、C1−7アルキル、C1−4アルコキシ、トリフルオロメトキシ、フェノキシ、シクロヘキシルメチルオキシ、ピリジルメトキシ、シンナミルオキシ、ナフチルメトキシ、フェノキシメチル、CH2−OH、CH2−CH2−OH、C1−4アルキルチオ、C1−4アルキルスルフィニル、C1−4アルキルスルホニル、ベンジルチオ、アセチル、ニトロもしくはシアノ、またはフェニル、フェニルC1−4アルキルもしくはフェニル−C1−4アルコキシであり、これらフェニル基はそれぞれ所望によりハロゲン、CF3、C1−4アルキルまたはC1−4アルコキシにより置換されており;
R2はH、ハロゲン、トリハロメチル、C1−4アルコキシ、C1−7アルキル、フェネチルまたはベンジルオキシであり;
R3はH、ハロゲン、CF3、OH、C1−7アルキル、C1−4アルコキシ、ベンジルオキシ、フェニルまたはC1−4アルコキシメチルであり;
R4およびR5は、それぞれ独立して、Hまたは式(a)
nは1から4の整数である〕
で示される化合物もしくはその薬学的に許容される塩、
R1aはハロゲン、トリハロメチル、C1−4アルキル、C1−4アルコキシ、C1−4アルキルチオ、C1−4アルキルスルフィニル、C1−4アルキル−スルホニル、アラルキル、所望により置換されているフェノキシまたはアラルキルオキシであり;
R2aはH、ハロゲン、トリハロメチル、C1−4アルキル、C1−4アルコキシ、アラルキルまたはアラルキルオキシであり;
R3aはH、ハロゲン、CF3、C1−4アルキル、C1−4アルコキシ、C1−4アルキルチオまたはベンジルオキシであり;
R4aはH、C1−4アルキル、フェニル、所望により置換されているベンジルもしくはベンゾイル、または低級脂肪族C1−5アシルであり;
R5aはH、モノハロメチル、C1−4アルキル、C1−4アルコキシ−メチル、C1−4アルキル−チオメチル、ヒドロキシエチル、ヒドロキシプロピル、フェニル、アラルキル、C2−4アルケニルまたは−アルキニルであり;
R6aはHまたはC1−4アルキルであり;
R7aはH、C1−4アルキルまたは上記定義のとおりの式(a)の残基であり、
XaはO、S、SOまたはSO2であり;そして
naは1から4の整数である〕
で示される化合物もしくはその薬学的に許容される塩である。
R2、R3、R4、R5およびnは上記定義のとおりであり;そして
R6は水素、ハロゲン、C1−7アルキル、C1−4アルコキシまたはトリフルオロメチルである〕
で示される化合物である。
b)CH2Cl2中の1当量の工程a)、1.5当量の塩化2−ニトロベンゾイルおよび1.6当量のピリジン(RT、一晩)。
c)トルエン中の1当量の工程b)、3当量のアセトンジメチルアセタールおよび0.1当量のp−TsOH・H2O(95℃、3時間)。
d)MeOH/THF(1/1)中の1当量の工程c)および0.075当量のK2CO3(粉末)(RT、4時間)。
e)乾燥THF中の1当量の工程a)、6当量のテトラゾール(トルエンまたはCH3CN中で0.45Mから再結晶された)および2当量のジ−t−ブチルジエチルホスホアミダイト(RT、3時間)。
f)工程e)の反応混合物へ直接、5当量のH2O2(30%)(0℃、1時間)。
本発明の特定の発見にしたがって、下記のことが提供される
視神経炎は臨床的に明確な多発性硬化症の高い危険性と関連する最初の症状であり得る。
動物モデル:急性実験的自己免疫性脳脊髄炎(EAE)の単相モデルおよび慢性再発型は多発性硬化症に対する有益な動物モデルと考えられている。感受性動物において完全フロインドアジュバントに乳化したCNS組織またはMBPの尾の付け根への単回投与により、EAEを誘発できる。単相急性麻痺症が感受性ラット系統、例えば、Lewis、Wistarラットで、感作後、約8−11日で現れる。症候性のラットはその後7日以内に回復するが、他の種において該攻撃は通常、致命的である。慢性再発型疾患モデルのラットは急性疾患状態後、1/3が再発する。これらの再発は通常、非常に軽度から重度であり、急性発作後20−100日以内に観察される。
雌Lewisラットを後足にモルモット脊髄および完全フロインドアジュバント[Difco H37 RA](3.5gのモルモット脊髄+3.5mLの0.9%のNaCl+105mgのM.結核菌[Difco H37 RA]+7mLのCFA(Difco H37 RA)の0.1mLの混合物を皮内注射することにより免役化する。グループあたり5−10匹のラットを使用し、身体症状を0−3の段階で毎日判断する。疾患になった動物の数ならびに疾患の発症の時期を記録する。試験化合物、例えば、式IまたはIIの化合物、例えば、[化合物A:2−アミノ−2−[4−(3−ベンジルオキシフェニルチオ)−2−クロロフェニル]エチル−プロパン−1,3−ジオール;化合物B:(R)−2−アミノ−4−[4−(3−ベンジルオキシフェニルチオ)−2−クロロフェニル]−2−メチルブタン−1−オール;および化合物C:(R)−2−アミノ−4−[4−(3−ベンジルオキシフェニルチオ)−2−クロロフェニル]−2−エチルブタン−1−オール)を経口強制投与により0−13日、毎日投与する。処置した群と処置していない群の統計的な有意差をANOVA(分散分析)、次にダンの多重比較を使用して毎日分析する。薬剤処置を行わないとき、疾患の症状(尾および両後足の麻痺)は通常8−11日以内に発症する。
1=尾の緊張の喪失
2=片方または両方の後足の衰弱、または中程度の運動失調
3=重度の運動失調または尿失禁を伴う麻痺
下記表1に示すとおり、化合物A、BおよびCを0.1から10mg/kg/日の用量でこのモデルに投与するとき、疾患の症状の予防をもたらす。
重症度=臨床グレード0−3
図1に示すとおり、化合物Aを経口的に0.1から10mg/kg/日の用量でこのモデルに投与するとき、疾患の症状の予防をもたらす。
図1は急性EAEモデルの疾患症状の予防における化合物Aの用量応答効果を示す。
慢性−再発型EAEは、Lewisラットの後足に完全フロインドアジュバント中のモルモット脊髄の乳液を注入することにより誘発される。グループあたり6−10匹を使用し、身体症状を0−3の段階で毎日判断する。疾患になった動物の数ならびに疾患の発症の時期を記録する。試験化合物、例えば、式IまたはIIの化合物、例えば、上記定義の化合物Aでの処置を16日目(最初の疾患状態後)に開始し、31日目まで続ける。処置した群と処置していない群の統計的な有意差をANOVA(分散分析)、次にダンの多重比較を使用して毎日分析する。薬剤処置を行わないとき、感作したラットの80−100%が免疫化後最初の40日間に臨床的再発を示す。
1=尾の緊張の喪失
2=片方または両方の後足の衰弱、または中程度の運動失調
3=重度の運動失調または尿失禁を伴う麻痺
表2に示すとおり、化合物Aは0.3mg/kg/日の用量で慢性再発型EAEモデルに経口的に投与するとき、臨床的再発を予防する。図2は慢性再発型EAEモデルにおける疾患症状の予防に対する化合物Aの効果を示す。
化合物Aで得られた同様の結果が化合物BおよびCに対して観察されることが予想される。
DAラットのEAEへの誘発は、Lorentzen et al, 1995, J. Neuroimmunol.; 63(2):193-205およびAdelmann et al, 1995, J. Neuroimmunol.; 63(1):17-27により記載のとおりに誘発させる。手短に言えば、ラットを0.02μg/mlの精製組み換えラットMOGタンパク質を補ったDAラット脳ならびにDAラットおよびウシ脊髄のホモジェネートの混合物で免疫化する。該混合物をホモジェネートし、次に4mg/mlのM.結核菌 H37RA(CFA)を含む完全フロインドアジュバントと1:1で混合する。次に得られた混合物をPolytron PT3100ホモジェナイザー(Kinematica, Lucerne, Switzerland)を使用してホモジェネートする。次にラットを尾の後根に200μlの抗原/CFAを単回投与で皮下注射する。得られた慢性疾患を進行性麻痺の数値化段階を使用して評価する:0、麻痺なし;1、尾の緊張の喪失;2、後足の衰弱または運動失調;3、尿失禁を伴うまたは伴わない後足麻痺;4、後足および前足の麻痺;5、瀕死または死。臨床スコアは毎日評価するが、体重は1日おきに測定する。処置前の臨床疾患のピークで、臨床疾患スコアを比較できるように動物群を再配置する。動物の処置を免疫化後12日目の臨床疾患のピークで開始し、33日目(全部で22日間)まで毎日続ける。試験化合物またはビヒクル(対照群に対して)を毎日経口投与する。
適当な臨床試験は前記脱髄疾患、多発性硬化症、末梢神経炎、視神経炎、筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびブドウ膜炎を有している患者における、例えば、オープンラベル、用量漸増または無作為、二重盲検試験である。これらの自己免疫性疾患における有効な効果が、それ自体、当業者に既知であるこれらの試験の結果を介して直接、測定できる。このような試験はまた活性成分として式IまたはIIの化合物を使用する単剤療法とこのような化合物と第2の薬剤を有する組合せの効果の比較に適している。
5. 治療有効非毒性量の式IまたはIIの化合物、またはそれらの薬学的に許容される塩、例えば、R4およびR5がそれぞれHである式Iの化合物か、またはR7aがHまたはC1−4アルキルである式IIの化合物、および少なくとも、例えば、上記のとおりの第2の薬剤を、例えば、同時にまたは連続して併用投与することを含む、上記定義のとおりの方法。
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