JP4601619B2 - 内蔵式加熱ユニットおよびそれを使用する薬剤供給ユニット - Google Patents
内蔵式加熱ユニットおよびそれを使用する薬剤供給ユニット Download PDFInfo
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- JP4601619B2 JP4601619B2 JP2006533308A JP2006533308A JP4601619B2 JP 4601619 B2 JP4601619 B2 JP 4601619B2 JP 2006533308 A JP2006533308 A JP 2006533308A JP 2006533308 A JP2006533308 A JP 2006533308A JP 4601619 B2 JP4601619 B2 JP 4601619B2
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- solid fuel
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- heating unit
- drug
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- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
[0038]加熱ユニットの実施形態は、図1Aに示される。加熱ユニット10は、熱伝導材料から形成することができる基板12を備えることができる。熱伝導材料は既知であり、典型的に、金属、例えば、アルミニウム、鉄、銅、ステンレス鋼等、合金、セラミックおよび充填剤入ポリマーを含むが、それらに限定されない。基板は、1つ以上のこのような材料から形成することができ、ある実施形態において、マルチレイヤ構造物を有することができる。例えば、基板は、1つ以上のフィルムおよび/またはコーティングおよび/または材料の複数のシートまたは層を備えることができる。ある実施形態において、基板の部分は、複数のセクションから形成することができる。ある実施形態において、加熱ユニットの基板を形成する複数のセクションは、異なる熱特性を有することができる。基板はいずれの適切な形状であってもよく、図1Aに示される矩形構成は、単に模範例である。基板はいずれの適切な厚さを有することもでき、基板の厚さは、一定の領域では異なってもよい。基板12は、図1Aおよび1Bに示されるように、内側表面14および外側表面16を有する。熱を、内側表面14から外側表面16へ伝導することができる。外側表面16に隣接してまたは接触して配置された物品または物体は、伝導された熱を受け取ることができ、所望の作用を達成し、例えば、固体または流体の物体を暖めるかまたは加熱し、さらなる反応を行い、位相変化を生じさせる。ある実施形態において、伝導された熱は、外側表面16に直接または間接的に接触する化合物に相転移を達成することができる。
[00119]ある実施形態は、本明細書に記載されたような加熱ユニットを備える薬剤供給ユニットを含む。薬剤供給ユニットは薬剤運搬装置に使用することができ、そこで薬剤は、熱的に気化され次いでユーザに投与するために凝縮されるものとする。ある実施形態において、薬剤凝縮物は、吸入または鼻摂取によってまたは局所的に投与することができる。薬剤は、治療剤および治療物質を含む治療用使用または非治療用使用のためのいずれの化合物を意味する。治療剤は、疾病の診断、養生、鎮静、治療または予防に使用されるいずれの化合物、または、疾病の症状の鎮静または治療に使用されるいずれの化合物を意味する。一方、物質は、非治療用使用に、典型的に娯楽目的または実験目的に、使用される化合物を意味する。
[00176]薄フィルム薬剤供給ユニットの実施形態が、図10A、10Bに示される。図10Aは斜視図を例示し、図10Bは薄フィルム薬剤供給ユニット500の組み立て図を例示する。薄フィルム薬剤供給ユニット500は、図10Bに示されるように、薄フィルム加熱ユニット530を備え、それに、熱的に気化されるべき薬剤514が配置される。図10Aに示されるように、薄フィルム加熱ユニット530は、第1および第2の基板510、および、スペーサー518を備える。
3Zr+2Fe2O3→3ZrO2+4Fe
と書くことができる。この反応のZr:Fe2O3の化学量論的な量は、重量で1:1.67である。
[00201]ある実施形態において、薬剤供給ユニットは、単回使用装置または複数回使用装置に使用されるように構成されることができる。図9A、9Bは、複数回使用のために設計された薬剤運搬装置に使用されるように構成された薬剤供給ユニットのある実施形態を例示する。図9Aに示されるように、スプールまたはリール400の形態のテープ406は、複数の薬剤供給ユニット402、404を備える。複数の薬剤供給ユニット402、404は、熱的に気化されるべき薬剤の薄いフィルムが配置される加熱ユニットを備えることができる。複数の薬剤供給ユニット402、404の各々が、本明細書に記載のもの、例えば図1Aおよび/または図1Bに記載されたものと同一の特徴を備えることができる。ある実施形態において、テープ406は、複数の加熱ユニットを備えることができる。各加熱ユニットは、固体燃料、反応開始組成物および基板を備えることができる。
薬剤運搬装置
[00214]ある実施形態は、本明細書に開示された加熱ユニット、薬剤供給ユニットおよび薬剤運搬装置を使用して化合物のエアロゾルを生成する方法を含む。ある実施形態において、器具によって生成されたエアロゾルは、治療に効果的な量の薬剤を含むことができる。基板に配置された化合物を熱的に気化するために加えられた熱の時間的特性および空間的特性、および、気流率は、一定の特性を有する薬剤を含むエアロゾルを生成するように選択することができる。例えば、肺内運搬用に、0.01μm〜0.1μmの範囲のおよび1μm〜3.5μmの範囲の平均質量空気動力学的直径を有するエアロゾル粒子が、肺胞から体循環へ薬剤を効果的に移動するのを容易にすることができる。エアロゾルが局所的に加えられる用途において、エアロゾルは、同一のまたは異なる特性を有することができる。
[実施例]
[実施例1]
[00226]下記の手順を使用して、76.16%Zr:19.04%MoO3:4.8%Laponite(登録商標)RDSを含む固体燃料コーティングを調製した。
[実施例2]
[00233]薄フィルム加熱ユニットを使用して、固体燃料の点火後に基板の外側表面のピーク内部圧力およびピーク温度を測定した。
[実施例3]
[00238]ジルコニウム(40.6重量%)、MoO3(21.9重量%)およびKClO3(1.9重量%)の混合物、ニトロセルロース(0.6重量%)および珪藻土(35重量%)から構成される固体燃料が調製された。固体燃料は、ステンレス鋼基板(0.015インチ壁厚)とステンレス鋼裏打ち部材(0.015インチ壁厚)との間の0.030インチのギャップに置かれた。基板の直径は、9/16インチであった。燃料が点火され、加熱ユニットの熱画像は、点火後の時間の関数として取られた。結果は、図4A〜4Fに示される。
[実施例4]
[00239]A.ジルコニウム(53.8重量%)、MoO3(23.1重量%)およびKClO3(2.3重量%)の混合物、ニトロセルロース(0.8重量%)および珪藻土(20重量%)から構成される固体燃料が調製された。固体燃料混合物は、ステンレス鋼基板(0.015インチ壁厚)とステンレス鋼裏打ち部材(0.015インチ壁厚)との間の0.030インチのギャップに置かれた。基板の直径は、9/16インチであった。燃料が点火され、加熱ユニットの熱画像は、点火後400ミリ秒で取られた。画像は、図5Aに示される。
[実施例5]
[00241]ジルコニウム(46.9重量%)、MoO3(25.2重量%)およびKClO3(2.2重量%)の混合物、粒度100〜325メッシュから構成され、ニトロセルロース(0.7重量%)および珪藻土(25.0重量%)を含む固体燃料が調製された。固体燃料は、ステンレス鋼基板(0.015インチ壁厚)とステンレス鋼裏打ち部材(0.015インチ壁厚)との間の0.030インチのギャップに置かれた。基板の直径は、9/16インチであった。固体燃料は、加熱ユニットの先端から遠隔式に点火された。燃焼中および燃焼後に、円筒形基板の圧力が、本明細書に記載されたように測定された。燃焼伝播速度および表面温度均一性は、赤外線イメージングによって評価された。
[実施例6]
[00243]ジルコニウム(69.3重量%)およびMoO3(29.7重量%)の混合物、粒度100〜325メッシュから構成され、ニトロセルロース(1.0重量%)を含む固体燃料が調製された。固体燃料混合物は、ステンレス鋼基板(0.020インチ壁厚)とステンレス鋼裏打ち部材(0.020インチ壁厚)との間の0.020インチのギャップに置かれた。裏打ち部材の外側は、燃焼伝播速度を上げるために、反応開始剤が塗布された。一次燃料は、加熱ユニットの先端から遠隔式に点火された。燃焼中および燃焼後に、円筒形基板の圧力が、本明細書に記載されたように測定された。燃焼伝播速度および表面温度均一性は、赤外線イメージングによって評価された。
[実施例7]
[00245]アルミニウム(49.5重量%)およびMoO3(49.5重量%)の混合物、粒度100〜325メッシュから構成され、ニトロセルロース(1.0重量%)を含む固体燃料が調製された。固体燃料混合物は、ステンレス鋼基板(0.020インチ壁厚)とステンレス鋼裏打ち部材(0.020インチ壁厚)との間の0.020インチのギャップに置かれた。一次燃料は、プラグ近傍で直接点火された。燃焼中および燃焼後に、円筒形基板の圧力が、本明細書に記載されたように測定された。表面温度均一性は、赤外線イメージングによって評価された。
[実施例8]
[00247]下記の手順を使用して、薄フィルム薬剤供給ユニット用に、ZrおよびMoO3を含む燃料組成物が調製された。2μm〜3μmの粒子サイズを有する湿潤Zr粒子46.7重量%が、Chemetall,GmbH、ドイツから得られた。Zr粒子は純水ですすがれ、その後、過剰水が静かに注がれた。純水5.1重量%がZrに加えられ、混合物が遠心分離された。過剰水は静かに注がれた。次いで、乾燥MoO3、20重量%(Climax Molybdenum社、アリゾナ州)および純水が、洗われたZrに加えられ、混合物は、高剪断ミキサー(IKA、ドイツ)で2分間、均質化された。Laponite(登録商標)RDS、2.5重量%(Southern Clay Products社、テキサス州)の15%水性溶液が加えられ、混合物は、高剪断ミキサーでさらに5分間、均質化された。Zr:MoO3固体燃料スラリーが、次のコーティング用に、シリンジまたは保持容器に移された。湿潤Zrは8.5重量%の水を含み、Laponite(登録商標)RDSは14重量%の水を含んだ。重量パーセントは、合計湿潤組成物のパーセント重量を表す。
[実施例9]
[00248]図10A、10Bによる薄フィルム薬剤供給ユニットが製作され、性能が評価された。2枚の、2×2平方インチ、0.004インチ厚304ステンレス鋼箔が、基板を形成した。76.16重量%Zrおよび19.04%MoO3、4.8%Laponite(登録商標)RDSを含む固体燃料および水が、ステンレス鋼基板の内側表面に塗布された。固体燃料層の厚さは、0.0018±0.0003インチであった。固体燃料の層は1.69in2の面積をカバーし、乾燥後、各基板の内側表面に配置された固体燃料の重量は、0.165〜0.190グラムであった。薬剤の〜6μm厚の薄いフィルムが、スプレーコーティングを使用して、外側基板表面の1.21in2の面積に配置された。薬剤は、処理を容易にするために、イソプロパノールまたはアセトンの15mg/ml溶液に溶解された。薬剤の薄いフィルムは、周囲条件で乾燥され、1.5mg〜3.0mgの薬剤が、各基板の外側表面に配置された。スペーサーは、0.24インチ厚セクションのポリカーボネート(Makrolon)を含んだ。点火アセンブリは、スペーサーおよび基板によって画成されたエンクロージャ内に配置されるべき端に0.03インチ直径の開口を有するFR−4印刷回路基板を備えた。0.0008インチ直径のニクロムワイヤが、印刷回路基板上で電気導体にはんだづけされ、開口にわたって位置決めされた。26.5%Al、51.4%MoO3、7.7%Bおよび14.3%Viton A500重量パーセントを含む反応開始組成物が、ニクロムワイヤに配置され、乾燥された。
[実施例10]
[00253]実質的に、実施例9に記載され図10Aおよび10Bに例示された薬剤供給ユニットを使用して、エアロゾルのパーセント収率およびパーセント純度を測定した。
Claims (16)
- 点火時に基板の外側表面の規定された領域を設定されたピーク温度に急速加熱する加熱ユニット(10、60、300、102、530)であって、
(a)外側表面および内側表面を有する少なくとも1つの基板を備えるエンクロージャと、
(b)金属含有酸化剤および金属還元剤を規定された比率で含み、加熱されるべき前記基板の外側表面の前記規定された領域に対応する該基板(12、62、302、210、104、510、170、418)の内側表面上にコーティングされた固体燃料(20、80、316、212、114、514、174、620)の層であって、該固体燃料の層の厚さが0.00254cm(0.001インチ)から0.0762cm(0.030インチ)の範囲内にある、固体燃料の層と、
(c)前記固体燃料を点火するための、前記エンクロージャ内に配置される点火剤と、
を備える加熱ユニット。 - 前記ピーク温度は、前記基板の前記内側表面にコーティングされた前記固体燃料の質量によって設定される、請求項1記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記エンクロージャが、2つ以上の基板を備える、請求項1記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記基板が、金属箔である、請求項1記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記金属含有酸化剤が、MoO3、KClO4、KClO3およびFe2O3の少なくとも1種から選択される、請求項1記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記金属還元剤が、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、鉄、およびチタンのうちの少なくとも1つから選択される、請求項1記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記固体燃料は、少なくとも1つの添加剤材料を含む、請求項1記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記添加剤材料は、粘土のゲル化剤である、請求項7記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記基板が、金属、合金またはセラミックである、請求項1記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記点火剤を作動するための抵抗性加熱要素をさらに含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記点火剤を作動するための電磁放射線源をさらに含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記点火剤を作動するための衝撃力を生じる機構をさらに含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記固体燃料の層は均質である、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項記載の加熱ユニット。
- 前記固体燃料は、前記固体燃料の点火後1秒未満で少なくとも200℃の温度へ前記基板の前記外側表面の一部を加熱するように構成される、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項記載の加熱ユニット。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項記載の加熱ユニットを含む薬剤供給ユニットであって、
前記基板の前記外側表面の一部に配置された薬剤(110)を更に含む、薬剤供給ユニット。 - 請求項15記載の薬剤供給ユニットを含む薬剤運搬装置(150)であって、
気道を画成するハウジング(152、154)をさらに含み、
前記薬剤を含む前記基板の前記外側表面の前記一部が、前記気道内に配置されるように構成される、薬剤運搬装置。
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| US47269703P | 2003-05-21 | 2003-05-21 | |
| PCT/US2004/016077 WO2004104490A1 (en) | 2003-05-21 | 2004-05-20 | Self-contained heating unit and drug-supply unit employing same |
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| JP2006533347A Withdrawn JP2007516149A (ja) | 2003-05-21 | 2004-05-20 | 基板温度の均一性を制御する方法、および、内蔵式加熱ユニットおよびそれを使用する薬剤供給ユニット |
| JP2006533308A Expired - Lifetime JP4601619B2 (ja) | 2003-05-21 | 2004-05-20 | 内蔵式加熱ユニットおよびそれを使用する薬剤供給ユニット |
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| JP2006533347A Withdrawn JP2007516149A (ja) | 2003-05-21 | 2004-05-20 | 基板温度の均一性を制御する方法、および、内蔵式加熱ユニットおよびそれを使用する薬剤供給ユニット |
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| CA2446904A1 (en) | 2001-05-24 | 2003-04-03 | Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation | Delivery of drug esters through an inhalation route |
| US20070122353A1 (en) | 2001-05-24 | 2007-05-31 | Hale Ron L | Drug condensation aerosols and kits |
| US7498019B2 (en) | 2001-05-24 | 2009-03-03 | Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Delivery of compounds for the treatment of headache through an inhalation route |
| US7585493B2 (en) | 2001-05-24 | 2009-09-08 | Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Thin-film drug delivery article and method of use |
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