EP1090175B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines abwechselnd s- und z-drehungen aufweisenden filamentgarnes - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines abwechselnd s- und z-drehungen aufweisenden filamentgarnes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1090175B1 EP1090175B1 EP99938153A EP99938153A EP1090175B1 EP 1090175 B1 EP1090175 B1 EP 1090175B1 EP 99938153 A EP99938153 A EP 99938153A EP 99938153 A EP99938153 A EP 99938153A EP 1090175 B1 EP1090175 B1 EP 1090175B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- yarn
- twist
- false twisting
- stops
- twists
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001589086 Bellapiscis medius Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002996 emotional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
- D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the swirl stops formed by two stationary supply plants one of which is in front of the False turning device (s) is arranged and the other behind the fixing device, the is designed either as a heating device or as an air swirling device.
- the alternating formation of the S and Z rotations is achieved by switching the Clamping effect of the wrong turning device performed in a predetermined cycle.
- the second swirl stop is arranged behind the fixing device in the direction of the game, the S and Z twists previously applied to the yarn in the behind the Part of the twist running incorrectly depending on the direction of rotation turned up and sometimes turned even stronger. No yarn can be used in this way generate which reproducibly has alternately defined S and Z rotations.
- between the sections with S rotation and the sections with Z rotation each turned sections with a lower S or. Z-rotation.
- the invention is based on the object Process for producing an alternating S and To show filament yarns having Z-Orshungen, with that in simple, economical and reproducible as a filament yarn can be produced that defines S and Z rotations per unit length and in between, if possible, no unrotated or less has rotated sections.
- the invention is therefore based on the idea of yarn immediately behind the wrong turning device from in time and spatial distances consecutive Capture swirl stops and then the swirl stops synchronously move along with the yarn.
- a spin stop the task of reproducing a given the yarn Turn into one in front of or behind the swirl stop Prevent section of yarn.
- a swirl stop can also be done through a deflection edge or formed by clamping in a delivery plant his.
- replacement blade each yarn section between two successive spaced Drasllstops temporarily "fixed" until the final fixation takes place in the middle of the fixation device is.
- the one between two spin stops fixed to sections of yarn have either S or Z twist with a predetermined defined rotation, under "Rotation" according to DIN 60900, part 2, the number of wires of a simple yarn per / m can be understood.
- the defined rotation of one between two neighboring ones Twist stops clamped yarn piece is through the subsequent yarn sections did not give twists influenced or changed because of the false wire only up to the closest to the false twister Swirl stops trained. Be orphaned on this also untwisted sections between the yarn sections avoided with S or Z rotation.
- the invention Process can be carried out continuously and enables the production of a filament yarn with alternating S and Z rotations Filamantgern can from a Gernkomponents, i.e. a bundle of filament be and is manufactured during the production process following the incorrect turning device fixed what is done by heat setting.
- Fig. 1 the structure of the finished filament yarn is shown schematically. This has alternating yarn sections 1a with S twist and yarn sections 1b with Z twist. Between two yarn sections 1a, 1b with opposite twists are the rotation reversal points 2, the extent of which in the longitudinal direction of the yarn can be kept very small with the method according to the invention.
- the lengths of the yarn sections 1a, 1b can vary. Smooth and textured multifilament yarns, preferably in a titer range between 17 and 330 dtex, are to be used as the original materials.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the process flow.
- a first swirl stop 7 is arranged in a stationary manner and can preferably be designed as a delivery mechanism or as a thread brake.
- a false twist device 8 is arranged behind the stationary twist stop 7, with which it is possible to give the twine 1 'alternately S twists and Z twists. The detailed design of such false turning devices 8 is explained further below with reference to FIGS. 4a to 4f. Behind the false twisting device 8, a twist stacker device 9 with a plurality of twist stops 3 movable in the yarn running direction C is provided.
- Each twist stop 3 is in each case formed by two interacting clamping jaws 3a, 3b, these clamping jaws 3a, 3b being intended to have the smallest possible extent in the yarn running direction C and are therefore expediently designed in a cutting-like manner.
- the clamping jaws 3a, 3b are arranged on endless driven belts 10a, 10b, as a result of which they can each be returned to the false turning device 8.
- the jaws 3a, 3b can thereby be switched on and off.
- two clamping jaws 3a, 3b are pressed against each other with the interposition of the yarn 1 'and then each form a twist stop 3 which is movable in the yarn running direction C.
- the movable twist stops 3 are arranged at a distance L 2 .
- the swirl stops 3 are moved through a fixing device 11, which consists of a heating zone 4 and a downstream cooling zone 5.
- the mutual distance L 2 of the drain stops 3 is smaller than the length L 3 of the fixing device 11. In this way it is ensured that the twists 1 'alternately given and provisionally fixed between two twist stops 3 are thermally fixed when the finished one Filement yarn 1 leaves the fixing device 11.
- the twist stops 3 should come into twist-stopping engagement as close as possible to the false twisting device 8 and then be moved further synchronously with the yarn 1 '. With each new intervention of a swirl stop, the direction of the rotation can be changed by the false turning device 8. Between two twist stops, twine sections 1a with S-twist and twine sections 1b with Z-twist are temporarily "fixed” and twine 1 'is first moved through heating zone 4 and then through cooling zone 5 in the twisted state. Only after the yarn has cooled below a certain temperature is the clamping released when it leaves the cooling zone 5.
- this direction of rotation should only be reversed when the following twist stop is in engagement with the yarn 1 '.
- the next swirl stop should be brought up to the wrong turning device 8 in order to keep the distance L 1 as small as possible.
- the yarn section located in area L 1 must first be opened again and turned in the opposite direction. The shorter the distance at the beginning of the reversal of the direction of rotation, the more effectively the process works.
- FIG. 3 shows the theoretical influence of the distances L 0 and L 1 on the amount of rotation in front of and behind the false turning device 8.
- the times for the interventions of the movable swirl stops are marked with 3 '. 3 shows that a large ratio of L 0 / L 1 has a positive effect and that the minimum distance L 1 at which the respective twist stop 3 engages with the yarn 1 should be as small as possible from the twist device 8 ,
- the changing direction of rotation of the yarn can be caused by a wrong turning device with changing direction of rotation, as well as two constant in opposite directions of rotation driven false turning devices, the can be switched on and off alternately.
- Advantageous is the use of two false twists, which are driven in different directions of rotation and their effective areas are switched on. To this In this way, the masses to be accelerated become very small held because the respective connection by a movement of the yarn or by deflecting the active surfaces can be done.
- FIGS. 4a to 4f false turning devices 8, 8 ' and 8a, 8'a of the clamp type shown.
- each of the False turning devices 8, 8 'two intersecting, endless Belt 12, 12 'on, at the crossing point the yarn 1' can be pinched to generate rotations.
- the Belts 12 of the first false twisting device 8 are e.g. so driven to feed the yarn downstream, i.e. in the direction of the yarn an S-turn behind the wrong turning device can issue while the belt 12 'of the second false twisting device 8 'the yarn downstream behind the false twister 8 'can give a Z-turn.
- each of the two wrong turning devices 8, 8 ' also has two Pressure rollers 13, 13 ', with the help of which the active surfaces 12a, 12'a of the straps 12, 12 ', which are normally in Distance from the yarn 1 ', alternately in the working position can be brought, as in Fig. 4b and 4c is shown.
- each of the two false twists 8a, 8'a two constantly driven disks 14, 14 ' their end faces form the active surfaces 15, 15 ', between which the Yarn 1 'can be pinched. This happens because that the two disks 14 and 14 'axially approached each other become. So you can z. 4e the yarn 1 'downstream, i.e. in the direction of yarn C behind the false twisting device 8a running yarn section Z twists issue when the active surfaces 15 of the discs 14 to the Yarn 1 'are pressed, while the active surfaces 15' of second false twisting device 8'a at a distance from the yarn 1 'and are therefore ineffective. In the case of Fig. 4f shown position of the wrong turning devices the active surfaces 15 'pressed against the yarn 1' and the yarn thereby giving S-turns downstream while the first false twisting device 8a is ineffective.
- FIGS Various swirl stop devices are shown in FIGS shown.
- the swirl stop device shown in FIG. 5 9 corresponds essentially to that in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment, so that for explanation reference is made to the description of FIG. 2 can.
- the evenly driven endless traction drives 10a, 10b can e.g. Straps or chains.
- each rigid clamping element 17 is a pivotable about an axis 19 assigned movable clamping element 18.
- movable clamping element 18 against the rigid clamping element 17th pressed, the clamping takes place.
- To control the movable Clamping element 18 can have a control cam 20 serve.
- the heating zone is identified by reference number 4.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are the jaws 22 on relatively thin support arms 21 and arranged at a greater distance from the traction mechanism drive 16.
- the jaws 22, 23a in the clamping position and are in swirl-stopping engagement they can dodge elastically in the direction of yarn C. and thus changes in length of the yarn caused by twisting and shrinkage can compensate.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- die schematische Darstellung der Garnstruktur des fertigen Filamentgarnes,
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung des Verfahrensablaufes,
- Fig. 3
- den Zusammenhang zwischen dem minimalen Abstand der beweglichen Drallstopps zu der Falschdreheinrichtung unter der theoretischen Drehungsverteilung,
- Fig. 4a bis 4c
- das Funktionsprinzip zweier hintereinander geschalteter Falschdreheinrichtungen in einer ersten Ausführungsform,
- Fig. 4d bis 4f
- das Funktionsprinzip einer zweiten Ausführungsform,
- Fig. 5 bis 7
- verschiedene bewegliche Drallstoppvorrichtungen in schematischer Darstellung,
- Fig. 8
- eine Ansicht in Richtung VIII der Fig. 7.
Claims (17)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abwechselnd S- und Z-Drehungen aufweisenden Filamentgarnes (1), bei dem mindestens ein Garn (1') zwischen zwei in Abstand voneinander angeordneten Drallstopps (3 ,7) bewegt und dabei dem Garn (1') durch mindestens eine zwischen den Drallstopps (3, 7) stationär angeordnete Falschdreheinrichtung (8) abwechselnd S- und Z-Drehungen erteilt werden, die mittels einer der Falschdreheinrichtung (8) in Garnlaufrichtung (C) nachgeschaltenten Thermo-Fixiereinrichtung (11) fixiert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der in Gamlaufrichtung hinter der Falschdreheinrichtung vorgesehene-Drallstopp (3) in drallstoppendem Eingriff mit dem Gam (1') gebracht und synchron zusammen mit diesem durch die Fixiereinrichtung (11) weiterbewegt wird, bis mindestens der Drehungs-Umkehrpunkt (2) im Garn (1') fixiert ist und daß mindestens ein weiterer, dem vorgenannten bewegten Drallstopp (3) folgender Drallstopp (3) in drallstoppenden Eingriff mit dem Garn (1') gebracht und zusammen mit diesem durch die Fixiereinrichtung (11) weiterbewegt wird, bevor dem Garn (1') durch die Falschdreheinrichtung (8) eine entgegengesetzte Drehung erteilt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fixiereinrichtung (11) von einer Heizzone (4) und einer nachgeschalteten Kühlzone (5) gebildet ist und die bewegten Drallstopps (3) einen Abstand (L2) aufweisen, der kleiner ist als die Länge der Fixiereinrichtung (L3).
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klemmung des Garns (1') durch den drallstoppenden Eingriff der bewegten Drallstopps (3) gelöst wird, sobald das Garn (1') in der Kühlzone (5) eine vorbestimmte Temperatur unterschreitet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der drallstoppende Eingriff durch Linienförmige Klemmung des Garnes (1') bewirkt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Klemmung des Garnes (1') mittels Klemmbacken (3a, 3b, 22, 23a) folgt, die in Gamlaufrichtung (C) eine möglichst kleine Ausdehnung aufweisen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß schneidenartige Klemmbacken (3a, 3b, 22, 23a) verwendet werden.
- Verfahren nachn einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Klemmbacken (3a, 3b, 22, 23a) verwendet werden, die ein- und ausschaltbar (zu schließen und zu öffnen) sind.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beweglichen Drallstopps (3) im Umlauf zu der Falschdreheinrichtung (8) zurückgeführt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der jeweilige Drallstopp (3) bis dicht an die Falschäreheinrichtung (8) herangeführt wird bevor er in drallstoppenden Eingriff gebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der gegenseitige Abstand zweier in drallstoppendem Eingriff befindlicher Drallstopps (3) in Garnlaufrichtung (C) elastisch nachgiebig ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand zwischen dem vor der Falschdreheinrichtung (8) stationär angeordneten Drallstopps (3) und der Falschdreheinrichtung (8) zu jeder Zeit größer ist, als der Abstand zwischen Falschdreheinrichtung (8) und dem jeweils dieser am nächsten liegenden beweglichen Drallstopp (3).
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beweglichen Drallstopps (3) mit dem Garn durch eine thermische Fixiereinrichtung (11) mit einer Heizzone (4) und einer nachgeschalteten Kühlzone (5) hindurchbewegt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehungen des Garns (1') durch erhitzte Klemmbacken (3a, 3b, 22, 23a) fixiert werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei konstant angetriebene Falschdreheinrichtungen (8, 8', 8a, 8'a) verwendet werden, von denen die eine geeignet ist, dem Garn stromabwärts S-Drehungen und die andere geeignet ist dem Garn Z-Drehungen zu erteilen und daß die Falschdreheinrichtungen (8, 8', 8a, 8'a) abwechselnd in Arbeitsstellung gebracht werden, indem ihre Wirkflächen abwechselnd an das Garn (1') angedrückt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zeit der der Drehungserteilung in der jeweiligen Richtung mit der Länge des Garnabschnittes mit einer Drehrichtung (C) korrespondiert.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der gegenseitige Abstand (L2) zweier Drallstopps (3) stochastisch veränderbar ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beweglichen Drallstopps (3) kraftschlüssig (z. B. Federkraft oder Magnetkraft) ausgelegt sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19827870A DE19827870C1 (de) | 1998-06-23 | 1998-06-23 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abwechselnd S- und Z-Drehungen aufweisenden Filamentgarnes |
| DE19827870 | 1998-06-23 | ||
| PCT/DE1999/001692 WO1999067452A1 (de) | 1998-06-23 | 1999-06-04 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines abwechselnd s- und z-drehungen aufweisenden filamentgarnes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1090175A1 EP1090175A1 (de) | 2001-04-11 |
| EP1090175B1 true EP1090175B1 (de) | 2003-04-02 |
Family
ID=7871708
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99938153A Expired - Lifetime EP1090175B1 (de) | 1998-06-23 | 1999-06-04 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines abwechselnd s- und z-drehungen aufweisenden filamentgarnes |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6311467B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1090175B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2002519521A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20010043609A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1105794C (de) |
| AU (1) | AU5277899A (de) |
| DE (3) | DE19827870C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1999067452A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19963139C1 (de) * | 1999-12-24 | 2001-04-05 | Saurer Allma Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines abwechselnd S- und Z-Drehungen aufweisenden Filamentgarnes |
| DE10032708C1 (de) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-31 | Hamel Ag Arbon | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Selbstzwirngarns |
| KR101034394B1 (ko) * | 2010-09-16 | 2011-05-16 | 주식회사 제일벽지 | 자연소재와 방사물질이 함유된 벽지와 그 제조방법 |
| KR101034395B1 (ko) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-05-16 | 주식회사 제일벽지 | 방사물질이 함유된 벽지의 제조방법 |
| EP2892732A1 (de) * | 2012-10-18 | 2015-07-15 | Kordsa Global Endustriyel Iplik ve Kord Bezi Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | Reifenkord und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
| CN103603113B (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-09-30 | 东丽合成纤维(南通)有限公司 | 聚酯特殊融着假捻加工丝及其制造方法和制成的编织物 |
| CN103924350B (zh) * | 2014-04-14 | 2016-08-17 | 上海八达纺织印染服装有限公司 | 一种捻合纱加工方法及其加工装置 |
| JP7202956B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-12 | 2023-01-12 | Tmtマシナリー株式会社 | 合繊糸用スプライサ |
| CN112877830B (zh) * | 2020-09-22 | 2025-08-22 | 武汉纺织大学 | 细纱机上横动调控纤维成纱结构的纺纱方法及装置和纱线 |
| CN113430847A (zh) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-09-24 | 盐城荣星制绳有限公司 | 一种同步旋转钢丝绳的生产工艺 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1435728A1 (de) * | 1960-10-19 | 1969-01-23 | Glanzstoff Ag | Kraeuseln von multifilen Faeden durch Fixieren eines zeitweilig aufgebrachten Dralles |
| US4114358A (en) * | 1977-05-06 | 1978-09-19 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for commencing the yarn forming operation of a fasciated yarn |
| US4279120A (en) * | 1978-06-08 | 1981-07-21 | Wwg Industries, Inc. | Self twist yarn and method and apparatus for making such yarns |
| DE2828959C2 (de) * | 1978-06-28 | 1980-05-29 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zum lagenweisen SZ-Verseilen von Verseilelementen elektrischer oder optischer Kabel |
| FR2461040A1 (fr) * | 1979-07-09 | 1981-01-30 | Inst Textile De France | Procede et dispositif pour l'obtention d'un fil presentant sur sa longueur des zones de torsion alternativement de sens inverse |
| IT1232231B (it) * | 1988-09-16 | 1992-01-28 | Murata Machinery Ltd | Metodo per produrre un filo a torsione composita |
| US5676123A (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 1997-10-14 | Mcpherson; Mathew A. | Clockwise and counter clockwise combination stranded bow string |
-
1998
- 1998-06-23 DE DE19827870A patent/DE19827870C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-06-04 CN CN99807662A patent/CN1105794C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-04 DE DE59904857T patent/DE59904857D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-04 EP EP99938153A patent/EP1090175B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-04 KR KR1020007012756A patent/KR20010043609A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-06-04 AU AU52778/99A patent/AU5277899A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-04 JP JP2000556090A patent/JP2002519521A/ja active Pending
- 1999-06-04 DE DE19981145T patent/DE19981145D2/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-06-04 WO PCT/DE1999/001692 patent/WO1999067452A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-06-04 US US09/720,229 patent/US6311467B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19827870C1 (de) | 1999-10-07 |
| US6311467B1 (en) | 2001-11-06 |
| DE59904857D1 (de) | 2003-05-08 |
| JP2002519521A (ja) | 2002-07-02 |
| CN1105794C (zh) | 2003-04-16 |
| DE19981145D2 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
| EP1090175A1 (de) | 2001-04-11 |
| CN1306587A (zh) | 2001-08-01 |
| WO1999067452A1 (de) | 1999-12-29 |
| KR20010043609A (ko) | 2001-05-25 |
| AU5277899A (en) | 2000-01-10 |
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