EP0049324A1 - Process and installation for smouldering oil shale - Google Patents
Process and installation for smouldering oil shale Download PDFInfo
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- EP0049324A1 EP0049324A1 EP81104562A EP81104562A EP0049324A1 EP 0049324 A1 EP0049324 A1 EP 0049324A1 EP 81104562 A EP81104562 A EP 81104562A EP 81104562 A EP81104562 A EP 81104562A EP 0049324 A1 EP0049324 A1 EP 0049324A1
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- Prior art keywords
- smoldering
- gas
- carbonization
- oil shale
- cyclone reactor
- Prior art date
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- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011043 electrofiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005367 electrostatic precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009656 pre-carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/08—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/06—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of oil shale and/or or bituminous rocks
Definitions
- the shaft furnace principle can no longer be used for finely shredded goods.
- Other methods using fines such as B. US-PS 3,844,930 work with solids as a heat transfer medium.
- the amount of solids to be handled is further increased by the amount of heat transfer medium which is a multiple of the amount of shale used.
- the carbonization gas mixed with the carrier gases is separated from the solids - heat transfer particles and carbonization residue.
- the carbonization gases are thus obtained in dilution by the carrier gases, which makes their work-up more difficult.
- the smoldering residue leaves the cyclone in a mixture with the solid heat carriers, so that larger ballast quantities must also be carried along during its further processing.
- the method according to the invention exists in suspending the shredded oil shale in a hot gas stream, heating it in cocurrent to the smoldering temperature and separating it from the hydrocarbons formed in a subsequent cyclone.
- the carbonization gas heated after separating condensable constituents is used as the heating gas stream.
- the smoldering temperatures are generally above 450 ° C and should not exceed 650 ° C, otherwise the reduction in yield due to cracking reactions cannot be avoided despite the short smoldering times. Temperatures between 470 and 550 ° C. are preferred.
- the yields in the cyclone swelling of a Schandelah oil shale are shown in comparison to the yields according to the Fischer test.
- the oil shale used contained 10.3% by weight of organic carbon and had the following Fischer test yields:
- the carbonization gas is preheated to temperatures which are 150 to 250 K above the carbonization temperature.
- This overheating depends on the ratio of carbonization gas to oil shale, which is usually between 0.8 and 1.4 Nm 3 / kg, preferably between 1.0 and 1.2 Nm 3 / kg lies, on the temperature of the slate used, on the residual moisture, on the carbonate decomposition of the carbonates contained, and on the heat losses of the system.
- coarser feed material can be used in the process according to the invention than in the known process. Oil shale with a grain size of up to 3 mm, even up to 5 mm, can be used. These coarse-grained slates have the advantage of containing less dust, which considerably facilitates both the processing of the carbonization gas and the further treatment of the carbonization residue.
- the condensable components are separated from the carbonization gas by cooling it directly with cold oil, optionally with subsequent electrostatic precipitation of the oil mist.
- the carbon of the carbonization residue is expediently burned with oxygen-containing gases in a fluidized bed.
- the combustion conditions must be set so that SO 2 produced during combustion is incorporated into the residue by dolomite and calcite which may be found in the shale.
- the smoldering residue discharged from the smoldering cyclone reactor can first be degassed in a container before its carbon is burned with oxygen-containing gases.
- smoldering gas can be passed through for faster removal of the gases still present, it being expedient to loosen up the smoldering residue with stirrers or to shift it in a rotating drum.
- the shredded, dried and preheated oil shale 6 to approx. 110 ° C is mixed in the riser 7 with circulating hot gas 8, a substantial part of the heat being transferred from the heating gas to the slate in the riser pipe, and this mixture via the tangential feed 9 in led the smoldering cyclone 10.
- the oil and dust-containing carbonization gases leave the carbonization cyclone 10 via line 11, while the carbonization residue is fed via line 12 into a re-carbonation drum 13.
- part of the hot recycle is g ases through the conduit 14 into the Nachschweltrommel 13 out.
- the smoldering and cycle gas 15 from the after-carbonization 13 is led together with the smoldering gases 11 from the smoldering cyclone into a dedusting system 16.
- the separated dust is fed via line 17 into the post-carbon drum 13.
- the dedusted gas passes through the pipeline 18 into the oil separator 19, where it is freed of the condensable fractions which are supplied as product via the line 20 for further processing.
- From the oil separator 19, a part of the carbonization gas corresponding to the amount of gas produced during the pre-carbonization is likewise discharged as a product via the line 21.
- the remaining carbonization gas is fed via line 22 to the compressor 23 and, after compression through line 24, reaches the cycle gas preheater 4.
- the hot smoldering residue 25 behind the post-carbonization drum 13 is fed to a fluidized bed incinerator 26, in which the residual carbon is burned off.
- the temperature control for setting the optimal SO z integration is carried out by the heat exchanger 27 in the fluidized bed, which is designed as a steam generator.
- the hot flue gas leaves the fluidized bed furnace through line 28.
- the heat content of this gas is circulated g as locker 4 for carbonization and in the malt drying 2 for drying and preheating of the used oil shale.
- the burned-off oil shale from the fluidized bed furnace is fed through line 29 to a cooler 30 and leaves the cooler ler via line 31.
- the combustion air 32 is used, which is compressed in the compressor 33, is conducted via line 34 to the cooler 30, and passes via line 35 into the fluidized bed furnace 26.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Aus dem Schwelgas von Ölschiefer werden die kondensierbaren Teile abgeschieden, ein Teil der verbleibenden Gasmenge abgeführt und der Rest, z.B. durch das Verbrennungsgas des Schwelrückstandes, aufgeheizt und ohne Zusatz weiterer Stoffe zum Schwelen von Ölschiefer verwendet. Die Anlage hierfür besteht aus einem Schwelzyklon-Reaktor (10), dessen Gasabführungen (11, 18) mit einem Ölabscheider (19) und dessen tangentialen Einfüllstutzen (9) über ein Gebläse (23) und einen Wärmetauscher (4) mit dem Ölabscheider (19) verbunden ist.The condensable parts are separated from the smoldering gas from oil shale, part of the remaining gas quantity is removed and the rest, e.g. by the combustion gas of the smoldering residue, heated and used without the addition of other substances for smoldering oil shale. The system for this consists of a smoldering cyclone reactor (10), the gas outlets (11, 18) with an oil separator (19) and its tangential filler neck (9) via a blower (23) and a heat exchanger (4) with the oil separator (19 ) connected is.
Description
Zur Schwelung von ölschiefer sind viele Verfahren bekannt. Dabei wird der ölschiefer erhitzt, wobei sich das im Schiefer enthaltende Kerogen zersetzt und in Form gasförmiger und flüssiger Kohlenwasserstoffe gewonnen werden kann. Je nach dem Wasserstoffgehalt des ölschiefers kann ein mehr oder weniger großer Anteil der organischen Substanz gewonnen werden, ein Teil verbleibt stets als Restkohlenstoff auf dem Schiefer. Im Interesse einer weitestgehenden Ausnutzung des Energiegehaltes des ölschiefers sollte auch dieser Kohlenstoff energetisch genutzt werden.Many methods are known for smoldering oil shale. The oil shale is heated, whereby the kerogen contained in the shale decomposes and can be obtained in the form of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons. Depending on the hydrogen content of the oil shale, a more or less large proportion of the organic substance can be obtained, some of it always remains on the shale as residual carbon. In the interest of the greatest possible utilization of the energy content of the oil shale, this carbon should also be used for energy.
Viele Verfahren verwenden das Schachtofenprinzip zur Schwelung, z. B. US-PS 3,736,247 und DE-AS 22 43 389. Nachteilig ist, daß der bei der Zerkleinerung zwangsläufig anfallende Feingutanteil nicht eingesetzt werden kann. Außerdem ist der vollständige Abbrand des Restkohlenstoffs durch die erforderliche StückgutaufgabegröBe sehr erschwert. Weiterhin sind die Öldämpfe und das Schwelgas längere Zeit der Schweltemperatur ausgesetzt, wodurch sich Crackreaktionen ergeben, die zu einer Verminderung der Ausbeute und einer Verschlechterung der ölqualität führen.Many processes use the shaft furnace principle for smoldering, e.g. B. US-PS 3,736,247 and DE-AS 22 43 389. A disadvantage is that the inevitable proportion of fines cannot be used in the size reduction. In addition, the complete combustion of the residual carbon is very difficult due to the required general cargo size. Furthermore, the oil vapors and the carbonization gas are exposed to the carbonization temperature for a long time, which results in cracking reactions which lead to a reduction in the yield and a deterioration in the oil quality.
Bei feiner zerkleinertem Gut ist das Schachtofenprinzip nicht mehr anwendbar. Andere Verfahren mit Feinguteinsatz wie z. B. US-PS 3,844,930 arbeiten mit Feststoffen als Wärmeträger. Durch die Wärmeträgerumlaufmenge, die ein Mehrfaches der Schiefereinsatzmenge beträgt, wird die zu handhabende Feststoffmenge weiter erhöht.The shaft furnace principle can no longer be used for finely shredded goods. Other methods using fines such as B. US-PS 3,844,930 work with solids as a heat transfer medium. The amount of solids to be handled is further increased by the amount of heat transfer medium which is a multiple of the amount of shale used.
Aus den DE-OSen 27 28 204 und 27 28 455 ist es bekannt, die Pyrolyse von kohlenstoffhaltigem Material, auch von ölschiefer, in einem Zyklon-Reaktor vorzunehmen. Das kohlenstoffhaltige Material wird hierbei in einer Korngröße kleiner als 1 mm in einem Trägergasstrom bei Geschwindigkeiten von 20 - 76 m/sec. in einen Zyklon-Reaktor geführt. Vor oder im Einlaß des Zyklons wird dieser Gasstrom mit einem zweiten Gasstrom vermengt, der heiße Feststoffteilchen enthält, die zur Aufheizung des kohlenstoffhaltigen Materials auf Schweltemperatur dienen sollen. Das Gewichtsverhältnis der zur Heizung dienenden Feststoffe zu dem kohlenstoffhaltigen Material soll zwischen 2 und 20 liegen. Nach einer kurzen Kontaktzeit - gerechnet als durchschnittliche Verweilzeit des Trägergases im Zyklon - von weniger als etwa einer Sekunde, insbesondere zwischen 0,1 und 0,6 sec. wird das mit den Trägergasen vermischte Schwelgas von den Feststoffen - Wärmeträgerteilchen und Schwelrückstand - getrennt.From DE-OS 27 28 204 and 27 28 455 it is known to carry out the pyrolysis of carbonaceous material, including oil shale, in a cyclone reactor. The carbonaceous material is smaller than 1 mm in a carrier gas flow at speeds of 20 - 76 m / sec. led into a cyclone reactor. In front of or in the inlet of the cyclone, this gas stream is mixed with a second gas stream which contains hot solid particles which are intended to heat the carbon-containing material to the low temperature. The weight ratio of the solids used for heating to the carbon-containing material should be between 2 and 20. After a short contact time - calculated as the average residence time of the carrier gas in the cyclone - of less than about one second, in particular between 0.1 and 0.6 seconds, the carbonization gas mixed with the carrier gases is separated from the solids - heat transfer particles and carbonization residue.
Bei diesem bekannten Verfahren fallen also die Schwelgase in Verdünnung durch die Trägergase an, wodurch ihre Aufarbeitung erschwert wird. Der Schwelrückstand verläßt den Zyklon im Gemisch mit den Feststoff-Wärmeträgern, so daß auch bei seiner weiteren Verarbeitung größere Ballastmengen mitgeschleppt werden müssen.In this known method, the carbonization gases are thus obtained in dilution by the carrier gases, which makes their work-up more difficult. The smoldering residue leaves the cyclone in a mixture with the solid heat carriers, so that larger ballast quantities must also be carried along during its further processing.
überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, daß man zur Schwelung von ölschiefer bei fein zerkleinertem Gut nicht auf feste Wärmeträger angewiesen ist, sondern dem ölschiefer mit einem heißen Gas in kurzer Zeit genügend Wärme zur Verschwelung zuführen kann. Demgemäß besteht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren darin, den zerkleinerten Ölschiefer in einen heißen Gasstrom zu suspendieren, im Gleichstrom auf die Schweltemperatur zu erhitzen und in einem nachfolgenden Zyklon von den entstandenen Kohlenwasserstoffen abzutrennen. Dabei wird als Heizgasstrom das nach dem Abscheiden kondensierbarer Bestandteile erhitzte Schwelgas verwendet.Surprisingly, it has now been found that for the smoldering of oil shale in finely comminuted material, it is not necessary to rely on solid heat transfer media, but rather it is possible to supply the oil shale with a hot gas in a short period of time enough heat for charring. Accordingly, the method according to the invention exists in suspending the shredded oil shale in a hot gas stream, heating it in cocurrent to the smoldering temperature and separating it from the hydrocarbons formed in a subsequent cyclone. The carbonization gas heated after separating condensable constituents is used as the heating gas stream.
Man erhält so ein reines, unverdünntes Schwelgas, aus dem sich die kondensierbaren Anteile besser abscheiden lassen als aus einem mit Trägergas verdünnten Schwelgas und das auch nach Abscheidung der kondensierbaren Anteile wegen der höheren Konzentration an gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen einen höheren Wert aufweist als das verdünnte Schwelgas. In gleicher Weise wird die Weiterverarbeitung des Schwelrückstandes durch das Fehlen der Ballaststoffe erleichtert.This gives a pure, undiluted carbonization gas from which the condensable components can be separated out better than from a carbonization gas diluted with carrier gas and which, even after the condensable components have been separated off, has a higher value than the diluted carbonization gas because of the higher concentration of gaseous hydrocarbons. In the same way, the processing of the smoldering residue is facilitated by the lack of fiber.
Die Schweltemperaturen liegen im allgemeinen über 450 °C und sollten 650 °C nicht überschreiten, da andernfalls Ausbeuteminderung durch Crackreaktionen trotz der kurzen Schwelzeiten nicht zu vermeiden sind. Bevorzugt werden Temperaturen zwischen 470 und 550 °C. In der anliegenden Fig. 1 sind die Ausbeuten bei der Zyklonschwelung eines Schandelah-ölschiefers im Vergleich zu den Ausbeuten nach dem Fischer-Test dargestellt. Der eingesetzte Ölschiefer enthielt 10,3 Gew.% organischen Kohlenstoff und hatte folgende Fischer-Test-Ausbeuten:
Um eine stärkere Aufheizung des rückgeführten Schwelgases zu vermeiden, ist es zweckmäßig, den Ölschiefer weitgehend vorzutrocknen und auf eine Temperatur kurz unterhalb des Beginns der Kerogenzersetzung vorzuwärmen.In order to avoid a stronger heating of the recirculated carbonization gas, it is advisable to pre-dry the oil shale to a large extent and to preheat it to a temperature just below the start of the kerogen decomposition.
Überraschenderweise ergab sich weiterhin, daß beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gröberes Einsatzmaterial verwendet werden kann als beim bekannten Verfahren. So kann Ölschiefer einer Körnung bis zu 3 mm, selbst bis 5 mm verwendet werden. Diese grobkörnigeren Schiefer haben den Vorteil, geringere Staubmengen zu enthalten, wodurch sowohl die Verarbeitung des Schwelgases, als auch die Weiterbehandlung des Schwelrückstandes wesentlich erleichtert werden.Surprisingly, it was also found that coarser feed material can be used in the process according to the invention than in the known process. Oil shale with a grain size of up to 3 mm, even up to 5 mm, can be used. These coarse-grained slates have the advantage of containing less dust, which considerably facilitates both the processing of the carbonization gas and the further treatment of the carbonization residue.
In Fig. 2 ist der Restkohlenstoffgehalt des oben erwähnten ölschiefers nach der Schwelung in Abhängigkeit von seiner Korngröße aufgetragen. Man erkennt, daß die Ausschwelung bei Korngrößen von 2 mm praktisch gleich der bei Korngrößen von 0,1 mm ist und auch bei Korngrößen von 3 mm nur eine unbedeutende Erhöhung des Restkohlenstoffgehaltes festzustellen ist.In Fig. 2, the residual carbon content of the above-mentioned oil shale after the smoldering is plotted as a function of its grain size. It can be seen that the carbonization with grain sizes of 2 mm is practically the same as with grain sizes of 0.1 mm and even with grain sizes of 3 mm there is only an insignificant increase in the residual carbon content.
Die Abscheidung der kondensierbaren Anteile aus dem Schwelgas erfolgt durch dessen direkte Abkühlung mit kaltem öl, gegebenenfalls mit nachfolgender elektrostatischer Fällung der ölnebel.The condensable components are separated from the carbonization gas by cooling it directly with cold oil, optionally with subsequent electrostatic precipitation of the oil mist.
Als zweckmäßig hat es sich erwiesen, im Schwelgas enthaltenen Staub vor der Abscheidung der kondensierbaren Anteile zu entfernen, da die Trennung des Kodensats von den Stäuben große Schwierigkeiten macht. Zur Abscheidung der Stäube können z. B. Hochleistungszyklone eingesetzt werden.It has proven to be expedient to remove dust contained in the carbonization gas before the condensable components are separated off, since the separation of the codensate from the dusts is very difficult. For separating the dusts z. B. High performance cyclones can be used.
Besonders zweckmäßig hat sich jedoch die Abscheidung mittels Elektrofiltration erwiesen. Dies ist durchaus überraschend, denn es war nicht zu erwarten, daß bei den hohen Temperaturen von mehr als 450 °C eine Elektrofiltration der Schwelgase möglich ist, da in reduzierender Atmosphäre allein ohne das Vorhandensein von Schweldämpfen das elektrische Feld zusammenbricht. Der Schwelrückstand wird aus dem Zyklon-Reaktor abgezogen; sein Kohlenstoff wird zweckmäßigerweise mit sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen, insbesondere Luft verbrannt, wobei das heiße Verbrennungsgas zum Vorwärmen des Kreislauf-Schwelgases verwendet werden kann.However, the deposition by means of has been particularly useful E lektrofiltration proved. This is quite surprising, because it was not to be expected that electrofiltration of the carbonization gases would be possible at the high temperatures of more than 450 ° C., since the electric field collapses in a reducing atmosphere without the presence of carbonization vapors. The smoldering residue is withdrawn from the cyclone reactor; its carbon is expediently burned with oxygen-containing gases, in particular air, it being possible for the hot combustion gas to be used for preheating the circulating carbonization gas.
Zweckmäßigerweise erfolgt die Verbrennung des Kohlenstoffs des Schwelrückstandes mit sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen in einem Wirbelbett. Dabei sind die Verbrennungsbedingungen so einzustellen, daß bei der Verbrennung entstehendes SO2 durch evtl. im Schiefer enthaltenem Dolomit und Calcit in den Rückstand eingebunden wird.The carbon of the carbonization residue is expediently burned with oxygen-containing gases in a fluidized bed. The combustion conditions must be set so that SO 2 produced during combustion is incorporated into the residue by dolomite and calcite which may be found in the shale.
Zur Verbesserung der Schwelausbeute kann man den aus dem Schwelzyklon-Reaktor ausgetragenen Schwelrückstand zunächst in einem Behälter entgasen, bevor sein Kohlenstoff mit sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen verbrannt wird. Durch den im Entgasungsbehälter befindlichen Schwelrückstand kann Schwelgas zum schnelleren Abführen der noch anfallenden Gase hindurchgeleitet werden, wobei es zweckmäßig ist, den Schwelrückstand mit Rührern aufzulockern oder in einer Drehtrommel umzuschichten.To improve the smoldering yield, the smoldering residue discharged from the smoldering cyclone reactor can first be degassed in a container before its carbon is burned with oxygen-containing gases. Through the smoldering residue in the degassing tank, smoldering gas can be passed through for faster removal of the gases still present, it being expedient to loosen up the smoldering residue with stirrers or to shift it in a rotating drum.
In der anliegenden Fig. 3 ist eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung schematisch dargestellt. Anhand dieser sei das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erläutert:
- Der ölschiefer 1 wird auf eine Korngröße kleiner als 3 mm zerkleinert. Die Zerkleinerung und Sichtung erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise zusammen mit der Trocknung und Vorwärmung in einer
Mahltrocknung 2, wozu dieRauchgase 3 nach dem Kreislaufgasvorwärmer 4 eingesetzt werden. Das gekühlte Rauchgas wird über dieLeitung 5 abgeführt.
- The oil shale 1 is crushed to a grain size smaller than 3 mm. The comminution and screening is advantageously carried out together with the drying and preheating in a
mill dryer 2, for which purpose theflue gases 3 are used after the cycle gas preheater 4. The cooled flue gas is discharged vialine 5.
Der zerkleinerte, getrocknete und auf ca. 110 °C vorgewärmte ölschiefer 6 wird in der Steigleitung 7 mit Kreislaufschwelgas 8 gemischt, wobei bereits im Steigrohr ein wesentlicher Teil der Wärme vom Heizgas auf den Schiefer übertragen wird, und dieses Gemisch über die tangentiale Zuführung 9 in den Schwelzyklon 10 geführt. Über die Leitung 11 verlassen die öl- und staubhaltigen Schwelgase den Schwelzyklon 10, während der Schwelrückstand über die Leitung 12 in eine Nachschweltrommel 13 geführt wird. Um die Abführung der entstehenden Schwelgase zu beschleunigen, wird ein Teil des heißen Kreislaufgases durch die Leitung 14 in die Nachschweltrommel 13 geführt. Das Schwel- und Kreislaufgas 15 aus der Nachschwelung 13 wird zusammen mit den Schwelgasen 11 aus dem Schwelzyklon in ein Entstaubungssystem 16 geführt. Der abgeschiedene Staub wird über die Leitung 17 in die Nachschweltrommel 13 gegeben. Durch die Rohrleitung 18 gelangt das entstaubte Gas in die ölabscheidung 19 und wird dort von den kondensierbaren Anteilen befreit, die als Produkt über die Leitung 20 der Weiterverarbeitung zugeführt werden. Aus der Ölabscheidung 19 wird ebenfalls ein der bei der Vorschwelung anfallenden Gasmenge entsprechenden Teil des Schwelgases als Produkt über die Leitung 21 abgeführt. Das übrige Schwelgas wird über die Leitung 22 dem Verdichter 23 zugeführt und gelangt nach der Verdichtung durch die Leitung 24 zum Kreislaufgasvorwärmer 4.The shredded, dried and preheated oil shale 6 to approx. 110 ° C is mixed in the riser 7 with circulating hot gas 8, a substantial part of the heat being transferred from the heating gas to the slate in the riser pipe, and this mixture via the tangential feed 9 in led the smoldering
Der heiße Schwelrückstand 25 hinter der Nachschweltrommel 13 wird einem Wirbelbett-Verbrennungsofen 26 zugeführt, in dem der Restkohlenstoff abgebrannt wird. Die Temperaturregelung zur Einstellung der optimalen SOz-Einbindung erfolgt durch den Wärmeaustauscher 27 im Wirbelbett, der als Dampferzeuger ausgebildet ist. Das heiße Rauchgas verläßt den Wirbelbettofen über die Leitung 28. Der Wärmeinhalt dieses Gases wird im Kreislaufgaswärmeaustauscher 4 zur Schwelung und in der Maltrocknung 2 zur Trocknung und Vorwärmung des ölschiefers genutzt.The
Der abgebrannte ölschiefer aus dem Wirbelbettofen wird durch die Leitung 29 einem Kühler 30 zugeführt und verläßt den Kühler über die Leitung 31. Zur Kühlung dient die Verbrennungsluft 32, die im Verdichter 33 komprimiert, über die Leitung 34 zum Kühler 30 geführt wird und über die Leitung 35 in den Wirbelbettofen 26 gelangt.The burned-off oil shale from the fluidized bed furnace is fed through
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3023670 | 1980-06-25 | ||
| DE3023670A DE3023670C2 (en) | 1980-06-25 | 1980-06-25 | Method and device for smoldering oil shale |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0049324A1 true EP0049324A1 (en) | 1982-04-14 |
| EP0049324B1 EP0049324B1 (en) | 1984-09-12 |
Family
ID=6105369
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81104562A Expired EP0049324B1 (en) | 1980-06-25 | 1981-06-13 | Process and installation for smouldering oil shale |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4388173A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0049324B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU545951B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8103968A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3023670C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES503316A0 (en) |
| JO (1) | JO1113B1 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA19167A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU42719B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR8302810A (en) * | 1983-05-27 | 1985-01-15 | Petroleo Brasileiro Sa | PROCESS FOR RETURNING SOLIDS CONTAINING HYDROCARBONS |
| DE3323770A1 (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1985-01-03 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR DRYING AND HEATING OIL-BASED SOLIDS |
| US4585543A (en) * | 1984-03-09 | 1986-04-29 | Stone & Webster Engineering Corp. | Method for recovering hydrocarbons from solids |
| US4601812A (en) * | 1985-01-07 | 1986-07-22 | Conoco Inc. | Oil shale retorting process |
| DE3715158C1 (en) * | 1987-05-07 | 1988-09-15 | Veba Oel Entwicklungs Gmbh | Process for extracting sulfur |
| GB2276631A (en) * | 1993-02-24 | 1994-10-05 | Great Eastern | Process for removal of petroleum contaminants from particulate materials |
| CA2546940C (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2010-09-21 | Olav Ellingsen | Process for simultaneous recovery and cracking/upgrading of oil from solids |
| US10030199B2 (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2018-07-24 | Bixby Energy Systems, Inc. | Pyrolisis apparatus |
| US9795972B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 | 2017-10-24 | Cameron International Corporation | High temperature high pressure electrostatic treater |
| CN104745221B (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-04-27 | 曲靖众一精细化工股份有限公司 | A kind of thin, granule destructive distillation oil gas high-quality recovery method and retrieving arrangement thereof |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB668808A (en) * | 1949-09-17 | 1952-03-19 | California Research Corp | Process for retorting shale |
| GB1326455A (en) * | 1971-01-26 | 1973-08-15 | Texaco Development Corp | Hydrotorting of shale to produce shale oil |
| US4003797A (en) * | 1976-05-05 | 1977-01-18 | Union Oil Company Of California | Superatmospheric pressure shale retorting process |
| US4066529A (en) * | 1976-05-07 | 1978-01-03 | Paraho Corporation | Method of design for vertical oil shale retorting vessels and retorting therewith |
| DE2910614A1 (en) * | 1978-03-22 | 1979-09-27 | Chevron Res | METHOD OF RETORT SMALLING OF FRESH SOLID HYDROCARBON PARTICLES |
| GB1567115A (en) * | 1978-02-28 | 1980-05-08 | Shale Oil Science & Systems In | Method and apparatus for processing solid materials such as oil shale |
| US4222850A (en) * | 1979-02-15 | 1980-09-16 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for retorting oil shale |
| DE2923048A1 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1980-12-18 | Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag | Hydrogenative pyrolysis of oil shale or tar sands - using heat from residual coke combustion to preheat hydrogen |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2414586A (en) * | 1942-09-05 | 1947-01-21 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Distillation of hydrocarbonaceous solids |
| US2434567A (en) * | 1944-01-19 | 1948-01-13 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Method and apparatus for contacting hydrocarbons with catalyst particles |
| DE1160823B (en) * | 1954-10-14 | 1964-01-09 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Process for continuous degassing, such as smoldering and / or coking, of fine-grained, non-baking, water-containing fuels by means of hot gas flows |
| US2942043A (en) * | 1955-01-03 | 1960-06-21 | Hoechst Ag | Process for carrying out endothermic chemical reactions |
| US3475319A (en) * | 1966-12-22 | 1969-10-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Retorting of oil shale |
| DE1809874B2 (en) * | 1968-11-20 | 1974-10-31 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Device for the dry distillation of bituminous or oil-containing, fine-grained materials for the purpose of obtaining liquid hydrocarbons |
| US3577338A (en) * | 1969-02-19 | 1971-05-04 | Phillip H Gifford | Process for recovery of oil from oil shale simultaneously producing hydrogen |
| BR7105857D0 (en) * | 1971-09-06 | 1973-04-10 | Brasileiros Sa Petrob Petroleo | PERFECT PROCESS FOR OBTAINING GAS OIL AND PIROBETUMINOUS SHALE BY-PRODUCTS OR OTHER MATERIALS IMPREGNATED WITH HYDROCARBONS |
| DE2244753B1 (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1973-10-18 | Mannesmann Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf | Method and device for reinforcing gauze |
| US4105502A (en) * | 1976-06-25 | 1978-08-08 | Occidental Petroleum Corporation | Simplified liquefaction pyrolysis process and apparatus therefor |
| DE2728455A1 (en) * | 1976-06-25 | 1978-01-05 | Occidental Res Corp | Pyrolysis of carbonaceous fuels in cyclone separator - with solid heat carrier, giving higher yields of middle distillate |
| DE2637427C3 (en) * | 1976-08-20 | 1980-04-03 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for heating fine-grained, carbonaceous material |
| US4118309A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1978-10-03 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Separation and recovery of heat carriers in an oil shale retorting process |
-
1980
- 1980-06-25 DE DE3023670A patent/DE3023670C2/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-05-19 YU YU1294/81A patent/YU42719B/en unknown
- 1981-06-01 MA MA19376A patent/MA19167A1/en unknown
- 1981-06-12 AU AU71670/81A patent/AU545951B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-06-13 DE DE8181104562T patent/DE3165997D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-13 EP EP81104562A patent/EP0049324B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-16 JO JO19811113A patent/JO1113B1/en active
- 1981-06-23 ES ES503316A patent/ES503316A0/en active Granted
- 1981-06-24 BR BR8103968A patent/BR8103968A/en unknown
- 1981-06-24 US US06/277,001 patent/US4388173A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB668808A (en) * | 1949-09-17 | 1952-03-19 | California Research Corp | Process for retorting shale |
| GB1326455A (en) * | 1971-01-26 | 1973-08-15 | Texaco Development Corp | Hydrotorting of shale to produce shale oil |
| US4003797A (en) * | 1976-05-05 | 1977-01-18 | Union Oil Company Of California | Superatmospheric pressure shale retorting process |
| US4066529A (en) * | 1976-05-07 | 1978-01-03 | Paraho Corporation | Method of design for vertical oil shale retorting vessels and retorting therewith |
| GB1567115A (en) * | 1978-02-28 | 1980-05-08 | Shale Oil Science & Systems In | Method and apparatus for processing solid materials such as oil shale |
| DE2910614A1 (en) * | 1978-03-22 | 1979-09-27 | Chevron Res | METHOD OF RETORT SMALLING OF FRESH SOLID HYDROCARBON PARTICLES |
| US4222850A (en) * | 1979-02-15 | 1980-09-16 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for retorting oil shale |
| DE2923048A1 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1980-12-18 | Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag | Hydrogenative pyrolysis of oil shale or tar sands - using heat from residual coke combustion to preheat hydrogen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7167081A (en) | 1982-01-07 |
| ES8207580A1 (en) | 1982-10-01 |
| ES503316A0 (en) | 1982-10-01 |
| DE3023670C2 (en) | 1982-12-23 |
| YU42719B (en) | 1988-12-31 |
| DE3165997D1 (en) | 1984-10-18 |
| MA19167A1 (en) | 1981-12-31 |
| JO1113B1 (en) | 1982-07-10 |
| DE3023670A1 (en) | 1982-01-14 |
| EP0049324B1 (en) | 1984-09-12 |
| AU545951B2 (en) | 1985-08-08 |
| YU129481A (en) | 1983-12-31 |
| BR8103968A (en) | 1982-03-09 |
| US4388173A (en) | 1983-06-14 |
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