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CN101600668A - 含钛添加剂 - Google Patents

含钛添加剂 Download PDF

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CN101600668A
CN101600668A CNA2007800368168A CN200780036816A CN101600668A CN 101600668 A CN101600668 A CN 101600668A CN A2007800368168 A CNA2007800368168 A CN A2007800368168A CN 200780036816 A CN200780036816 A CN 200780036816A CN 101600668 A CN101600668 A CN 101600668A
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D·阿米扎德-阿斯尔
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Abstract

本发明的主题是含钛添加剂,其生产方法及其用途。

Description

含钛添加剂
本发明的主题是含钛添加剂,其生产方法及其用途。
长久以来,已经知道了含钛添加剂在冶金工艺中的用途。关于这一点,含钛添加剂的作用是基于形成在生铁中具有取决于温度的溶解性的耐高温和耐磨的Ti(C,N)化合物。如果低于溶解度界限,特别是在由于向外热发散提高导致的有缺陷的炉缸区(Gestellbereich)中会有这种情况,则从生铁中析出Ti(C,N)化合物,其在砌砖较大程度磨损的区域沉积,进而导致真正的“热修复作用”。
为此目的,各种含钛材料用于冶金工艺中,或者用于生产产品。现有技术中所使用的含钛添加剂通常是含钛材料。
因此,例如,冶金工业中已知使用来自TiO2生产中的残渣(TiO2剩余物)作为含钛添加剂。由TiO2残渣和其它物质构成的含钛添加剂被公开在DE-C-4419816中。
DE-C-19705996公开了生产含TiO2添加剂的方法。在这种情况中,在200~1300℃下对TiO2残渣和铁或铁化合物的混合物进行热处理。这种技术教导的缺点是TiO2残渣和添加剂在每一情形中的其它组分的复杂的计量和混合。
EP-A-0 61 1740公开了来自TiO2生产中的残渣(TiO2残渣)和其它组分作为含钛添加剂用于提高熔炉耐火炉衬(Ausmauerung)的耐久性的用途。关于这一点,从残渣以复杂的方法生产含TiO2的模制体例如煤砖、小球或颗粒。然而,这些产品非常粗糙,和在冶金工艺中以及对于生产产品不能被使用,或者仅能够得到差的结果。
此外,已知直接将细碎的含钛添加剂注入到炉缸区中。将含钛添加剂注入到炉缸区中具有一系列优点:
-在炉衬的损伤点或者待保护区的紧邻处实现引入;因此可以以靶向方式并以低浓度使用含钛物质;
-作用时间更短,特别是在炉壁中出现热点时;
-不会在高炉炉身中出现含钛物质的沉积物;
-因为TiO2含量较低,因此使用量较小和转化成Ti(C,N)化合物的转化率较高导致了炉渣质量提高,进而导致毫无问题的炉渣的销售问题。
还已知块钛铁矿(钛铁矿结构:FeTiO3)可以用作所需的钛的天然来源,以降低在高炉中的磨损。
钛矿石钛铁矿(具有式FeTiO3的矿物)被用作生产二氧化钛的起始材料。对于该目的,钛铁矿还与钛矿石金红石(TiO2)组合使用。
钛铁矿矿石的开采是在露天采矿中实现的。关于这一点,首先将矿石破碎成尺寸为大约12mm的小块,接着磨成细粉末。以复杂的方法分离矿石中所包含的杂质。在已经分离脉石之后,从矿石获得了钛铁矿浓缩物,其中二氧化钛含量为大约50重量%(由总钛含量计算)。(除非以其它方式说明,在后面谈及以重量%为单位的二氧化钛含量时,其在本发明中含义是由总钛含量计算的含量)。
此外,富含二氧化钛的炉渣被用作获得二氧化钛的原材料。在这种情况中,在矿床中对钛铁矿进行开采和粉碎。随后,将磨碎的矿石与煤混合,并在电弧炉中进行熔化。这样产生了高品质铁(
Figure A20078003681600061
)。在该工艺中产生的富含二氧化钛的炉渣例如所谓的索雷尔(Sorel)炉渣,能够含有最高90重量%的二氧化钛(由总钛含量计算)。
与合成的含钛材料不同,天然的含钛材料由于它们的粗糙性(Grobstückigkeit)或者缺乏细粒度,而不适合或者仅有时候和仅以差的结果适合用于冶金工艺,用于耐火材料,用于注入到冶金炉中以提高炉衬的耐久性,用于注入到钢生产中的炉渣泡沫中,用于出铁口物料中,用于碳(Kohle-)/石墨电极中,用作建筑材料的添加剂,用于碳/石墨砖,用于碳/石墨填实物料,用于碳结合产品,作为催化剂。这些天然原材料颗粒的缺乏细粒度和有角的结构是由于它们在使用中的研磨性质而产生的,例如在被吹进高炉时,在吹塑模具中导致严重的腐蚀(侵蚀;磨损...),导致不可能长期使用。在生产产品的情况中,如果使用天然含钛材料,则因为它们的粗糙性或者缺乏细粒度而导致反应速度不足,并导致不能令人满意的结果。因此,以这种形式存在的天然含钛材料不能用作本发明意义中的含钛添加剂。
本发明的目的是提供天然基础上的含钛添加剂。
本发明的进一步的目的是提供基于富含TiO2的炉渣的含钛添加剂。
在本发明中“含钛添加剂”被理解为细颗粒含钛添加剂,其能够在产品的加工或者生产过程中与这些过程中所含有的反应参与物、或者与在产品的生产过程中存在的适当反应参与物形成耐高温和耐磨的钛化合物,例如钛酸铝、钛酸镁、Ti(C,N)化合物或这些化合物的混合物。本发明中“天然基础上”的含义表示含钛添加剂的含钛部分最高100%由天然含钛材料构成。
特别地,本发明的目的是提供这些含钛添加剂
●用于冶金工艺中,
●用于耐火材料中,
●用于注入到冶金炉中,以提高炉衬的耐久性,
●用于钢生产中,
●用于在钢生产中形成炉渣泡沫,
●用于出铁口物料中,
●用于喷射料、流槽料和/或修复料,
●用于碳/石墨电极中,
●用作建筑材料的添加剂,
●用于碳/石墨砖中,用于碳/石墨填实物料中,用于碳结合产品中,和
●作为催化剂。
根据本发明,该目的是通过独立权利要求的特征获得的。优选的改进方案在从属权利要求中描述。
根据本发明,以适当的方式,将含钛材料进行微粉化。可以在例如销盘式研磨机(Stiftmühle)、Coloplex研磨机、Zirkoplex研磨机、蒸汽或喷气式研磨机或球磨机中或者在研磨干燥机(Mahltrockner)中实现微粉化。以这种方式获得的含钛材料细度100%低于5mm,优选低于2mm,特别优选低于0.5mm,非常特别优选低于0.2mm。根据本发明,平均粒度优选为0.01μm~2,000μm,非常特别优选0.1μm~1,000μm。这样获得的材料适合作为本发明中的含钛添加剂。
钛矿石、富含二氧化钛的炉渣或者这些材料以任何组合的混合物可以用作含钛起始材料。
用于生产根据本发明的含钛添加剂的钛矿石和富含二氧化钛的炉渣含有15~95重量%,优选25~90重量%的TiO2(由总钛含量计算)。脉石可以以未精炼的形式或者在分离杂质和脉石之后来生产含钛添加剂。
根据本发明的添加剂含有20~98重量%,优选25~95重量%,特别优选30~95重量%,非常特别优选40~90重量%的TiO2(由总钛含量计算)。
除了选自钛矿石和/或富含二氧化钛的炉渣的含钛材料外,此外,根据本发明的添加剂可以还可以含有合成的含二氧化钛的材料。
根据本发明提供的合成的含二氧化钛的材料含有20~100重量%,优选30~100重量%的TiO2(由总钛含量计算)。
其中,合成的含二氧化钛的材料可以选自下面列出的材料或其混合物:
-来自二氧化钛生产时的中间产物、关联产物和/或最终产物。其中,这些材料既可以来自根据硫酸盐方法的二氧化钛的生产,也可以来自根据氯化物方法的二氧化钛的生产。可以从运行的TiO2生产中排出中间产物和关联产物。
-来自二氧化钛生产的剩余物。因此,这些材料既可以来自根据硫酸盐方法的二氧化钛的生产,也可以来自根据氯化物方法的二氧化钛的生产;如果必要,在用于生产含钛添加剂之前,这些材料可以被预处理,例如通过中和、洗涤和/或预干燥。
-来自化学工业的剩余物,例如来自含TiO2的催化剂,进而,例如来自DENOX催化剂。
合成的含二氧化钛的材料可以以粉末、滤饼、糊或悬浮液的形式使用。
通过混合含钛材料生产根据本发明的添加剂。
此外,可以对含钛材料进行温度处理。
优选,将干燥用作温度处理,特别优选在100~1200℃之间的温度下干燥。
在本发明的范围内还设想了,首先将含钛材料分开地微粉化,接着在混合器中依应用以期望的比例混合。此外,根据本发明设想,首先将含钛材料混合,接着依应用在温度处理后粉末化。
根据预定用途,根据本发明的含钛添加剂可以含有额外的辅助物质和/或添加剂例如煤、还原性碳和/或金属氧化物,进而例如氧化铁。
根据本发明,本发明的添加剂:
·用于冶金工艺中,
·用于耐火材料中,
·用于注入到冶金炉中,以提高熔炉衬的耐久性,
·用于钢生产中,
·用于在钢生产中形成炉渣泡沫,
·用于出铁口物料中,
·用于喷射料、流槽料和/或修复料中,
·用于碳/石墨电极中,
·用作建筑材料的添加剂,
·用于生产碳/石墨砖,碳/石墨填实物料,碳结合产品,和
·作为催化剂。

Claims (20)

1.含钛添加剂,其特征在于,其含有含钛材料,所述含钛材料能够在加工或者生产产品的过程中与这些过程中所含有的反应参与物、或者与在产品的生产过程中存在的适当反应参与物形成耐高温和耐磨的钛化合物,例如钛酸铝、钛酸镁、Ti(C,N)化合物或这些化合物的混合物,其中所述含钛材料至少部分由天然的细颗粒含钛材料和/或部分由富含TiO2的细颗粒炉渣构成。
2.根据权利要求1的含钛添加剂,其特征在于单独或者作为混合物使用含钛矿石、含钛炉渣作为天然含钛材料,并且所述含钛添加剂视需要含有合成的含钛材料。
3.根据权利要求1或2的含钛添加剂,其特征在于,其含有含钛矿石和合成的含钛材料作为含钛材料。
4.根据权利要求1或2的含钛添加剂,其特征在于,其含有富含TiO2的炉渣以及合成的含钛材料作为含钛材料.
5.根据权利要求1或2的含钛添加剂,其特征在于,其含有含钛矿石,富含TiO2的炉渣以及合成的含钛材料作为含钛材料.
6.根据权利要求1~5的一项或者更多项的含钛添加剂,其特征在于,所述含钛矿石是钛铁矿、金红石,和所述含钛的炉渣是索雷尔炉渣。
7.根据权利要求1~6的一项或者更多项的含钛添加剂,其特征在于,所述含钛材料含有15~95重量%,优选25~90重量%的TiO2,和所述合成的含钛材料含有20~100重量%,优选30~100重量%的TiO2(由总钛含量计算)。
8.根据权利要求1~7的一项或者更多项的含钛添加剂,其特征在于,其含有20~98重量%,优选25~95重量%,特别优选30~95重量%,非常特别优选40~90重量%的TiO2(由总钛含量计算)。
9.根据权利要求1~8的一项或者更多项的含钛添加剂,其特征在于,所述合成的含钛材料选自下列材料的至少一种,或其混合物:
-来自二氧化钛生产的中间产物、关联产物和/或最终产物,在该情况中,这些材料既可以来自根据硫酸盐方法的二氧化钛的生产,也可以来自根据氯化物方法的二氧化钛的生产,并可以从运行的TiO2生产中排出中间产物和关联产物;
-来自二氧化钛生产的剩余物或其混合物,在该情况中,这些材料既可以来自根据硫酸盐方法的二氧化钛的生产,也可以来自根据氯化物方法的二氧化钛的生产;
-来自化学工业的含钛剩余物。
10.根据权利要求1~9的一项或者更多项的含钛添加剂,其特征在于,其还含有选自物质煤、还原性碳和/或金属氧化物的其它添加剂,其中优选氧化铁作为金属氧化物。
11.根据权利要求1~10的一项或者更多项的含钛添加剂,其特征在于,其细度100%低于5mm,优选低于2mm,特别优选低于0.5mm,非常特别优选低于0.2mm。
12.根据权利要求1~11的一项或者更多项的含钛添加剂,其特征在于,成分的平均粒度优选为0.01μm~2,000μm,非常特别优选0.1μm~1,000μm。
13.用于生产权利要求1~12至少一项所述的含钛添加剂的方法,其特征在于,将所述含钛材料和视需要的所述添加剂混合,并以适当的方式微粉化。
14.用于生产权利要求1~12至少一项所述的含钛添加剂的方法,其特征在于,分开地将所述含钛材料微粉化,接着在混合器中,视需要在添加添加剂的条件下,以依应用期望的比例进行混合。
15.用于生产权利要求1~12至少一项所述的含钛添加剂的方法,其特征在于,首先将含钛材料混合,和视需要在加入添加剂之后,接着依应用微粉化。
16.根据权利要求13~15的一项或者更多项的方法,其特征在于,所述含钛材料在混合之前或之后被温度处理,优选干燥。
17.根据权利要求13~16的一项或者更多项的方法,其特征在于,在100~1200℃的温度下进行温度处理。
18.根据权利要求13~17的一项或者更多项的方法,其特征在于,以未精炼的形式使用所述钛矿石。
19.根据权利要求13~18的一项或者更多项的方法,其特征在于,所述钛矿石在其使用之前去除杂质和/或脉石。
20.权利要求1~12中至少一项的含钛添加剂在下列中的用途:
在冶金工艺中;在耐火材料中;用于注入到冶金炉中,以提高炉衬的耐久性;在钢生产中;用于在钢生产中形成炉渣泡沫;在出铁口物料中;在喷射料、流槽料和/或修复料中;在碳/石墨电极中;用作建筑材料的添加剂;用于生产碳砖/石墨砖;用于生产碳/石墨填实物料,用于生产碳结合产品;和作为催化剂。
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