NL2003597C2 - TITANIUM CONTAINING ADDITIVE AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE FROM CHLORIDE CONTAINING RESIDUES FROM TITANIUM DIOXIDE PRODUCTION. - Google Patents
TITANIUM CONTAINING ADDITIVE AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE FROM CHLORIDE CONTAINING RESIDUES FROM TITANIUM DIOXIDE PRODUCTION. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2003597C2 NL2003597C2 NL2003597A NL2003597A NL2003597C2 NL 2003597 C2 NL2003597 C2 NL 2003597C2 NL 2003597 A NL2003597 A NL 2003597A NL 2003597 A NL2003597 A NL 2003597A NL 2003597 C2 NL2003597 C2 NL 2003597C2
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- chloride
- alkali
- containing additive
- titanium dioxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 29
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims description 23
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 alkali hydroxide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/02—Making special pig-iron, e.g. by applying additives, e.g. oxides of other metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/02—Making special pig-iron, e.g. by applying additives, e.g. oxides of other metals
- C21B5/023—Injection of the additives into the melting part
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/04—Blast furnaces with special refractories
- C21B7/06—Linings for furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
- F27D1/1678—Increasing the durability of linings; Means for protecting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
- F27D1/1678—Increasing the durability of linings; Means for protecting
- F27D1/1684—Increasing the durability of linings; Means for protecting by a special coating applied to the lining
- F27D2001/1689—Increasing the durability of linings; Means for protecting by a special coating applied to the lining obtained from materials added to the melt
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
5
Titanium-containing additive and method for its manufacture from chloride-containing residues from titanium dioxide production
Field of the invention
The invention relates to a titanium-containing additive for feeding into a furnace to increase the durability of the refractory lining, a method for its manufacture, 10 and its use.
Technological background of the invention 15 The use of titanium-containing additives in furnaces (high-temperature facilities) with a refractory lining for smelting reduction processes, particularly in blast furnaces, has been familiar for a long time. In this context, the effect of titanium-containing additives is based on the formation of high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant Ti(C,N) compounds, which are partly deposited on the inner walls 20 of the refractory lining of the furnaces, particularly in the hearth of blast furnaces, and increase the durability of the lining.
The titanium-containing additive customarily used is lump ilmenite, as a natural titanium carrier. Furthermore, the use of residues from titanium dioxide 25 production as a titanium-containing additive is also known.
EP 0 611 740 B1 describes a titanium-containing additive consisting of digestion residues from titanium dioxide production by the sulphate process, together with materials containing coal and/or iron. According to EP 0 686 700 Bl, additives 30 containing alkaline earths, aluminium and/or S1O2 are likewise used, as a result of which the additive can also act as a slag-forming agent.
DE 10 2007 055 751 A1 discloses a moulded body containing titanium that can 2 similarly be used as an additive for increasing the durability of refractory systems, and as a slag protection and alloying agent, and that contains natural and, where appropriate, also synthetic titanium carriers. The term "natural titanium carriers" is taken to mean titanium ores and Sorel slags. The term 5 "synthetic titanium carriers" is taken to mean, inter alia, residues from titanium dioxide production.
DE 198 30 102 Cl specifically discloses the use of a fine-grained product, occurring during the production of titanium dioxide by the chloride process, for 10 injection into a blast furnace to increase the durability of the refractory lining. The fine-grained product is preferably used in a mixture with components containing iron, alkaline earths and/or aluminium oxide or hydroxide.
15 Object and brief description of the invention
The object of the invention is to put a chloride-containing co-product of titanium dioxide production to commercial use.
20 The object is solved by a titanium-containing additive for feeding into a furnace to increase the durability of the refractory lining, characterised in that it contains chloride-containing residues from titanium dioxide production, to which has been admixed at least one substance from the group comprising alkali hydroxide, alkali carbonate, alkali hydrogencarbonate and alkaline earth carbonate.
25 The object is further solved by a method for manufacturing a titanium-containing additive, characterised in that chloride-containing residues from titanium dioxide production are mixed with at least one substance from the group comprising alkali hydroxide, alkali carbonate, alkali hydrogencarbonate and alkaline earth carbonate in at least stoichiometric quantities in reference to chloride.
Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.
30 3
Description of the invention 5 In the chloride process for manufacturing titanium dioxide, titanium tetrachloride is produced in a first step by chlorinating titanium-containing raw materials. Chlorination is performed in a fluidised-bed reactor in the presence of coke at temperatures in the region of 1,000 °C, and leads to the formation of volatile metal chlorides. When discharging the metal chlorides from the reactor, 10 fine bed material is also entrained, particularly unreacted titanium-containing raw material (T1O2), further inert metal oxides from the raw material (particularly S1O2) and coke. This gas/solid mixture is cooled to approx. 150 °C. The solid component is separated out in a cyclone. The fine-grained mixture of solids obtained in this way is customarily also referred to as cyclone dust.
15
The cyclone dust is subsequently washed and, after drying, contains roughly 40 to 60% by weight coke, roughly 25 to 45% by weight Ti02 and roughly 5 to 15% by weight S1O2 as its principal constituents. The moisture content is usually roughly 20 to 35% by weight, and the chloride content is up to roughly 1% by weight. The 20 material obtained in this way, referred to as "chloride-containing residue" below, reacts acid and has a highly corrosive effect.
Because of its acid character, further processing of the chloride-containing residue is thus problematic, since materials used in machinery, such as steel, 25 high-grade steel, non-ferrous metals and aluminium, are exposed to substantial corrosive attack and the machines are damaged as a result. Moreover, there are health risks for the affected personnel, and possibly also environmental risks.
According to the invention, the chloride-containing residue is therefore mixed 30 with at least one substance from the group comprising alkali hydroxide, alkali carbonate, alkali hydrogencarbonate and alkaline earth carbonate. Mixtures of these substances can also be used. The alkalis involved are, for example, Na and 4 K. The alkaline earths are preferably Ca and Mg.
The chloride-containing residue treated in this way reacts neutral and is suitable for use as a titanium-containing additive in industrial smelting reduction 5 processes to increase the durability of the refractory lining in furnaces. Within the framework of the invention, "furnaces" is taken to mean all kinds of high-temperature facilities with a refractory lining. The titanium-containing additive according to the invention can be used directly or first subjected to further processing, without incurring high tool costs as a result of corrosion.
10
The neutralising agent is added in at least stoichiometric quantities referred to the chloride content, i.e. in quantities of roughly 0.5 to 50 kg per metric ton chloride-containing residue. Neutralisation produces the corresponding alkali chlorides, such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride, and alkaline earth 15 chlorides, such as calcium chloride or magnesium chloride. If carbonate compounds are added, the carbonate component escapes in the form of CO2. The alkali content in the titanium-containing additive according to the invention is not detrimental to use in furnaces with a refractory lining.
20 Neutralisation is preferably performed in an inert-lined mixer, e.g. in a rubber-lined mixer, particularly in a continuous mixer. The chloride-containing residue neutralised in this way can be further processed, e.g. pelletised or briquetted, in moist condition and subsequently dried. Alternatively, the neutralised chloride-containing residue can be dried directly to obtain a powdery product.
25 In a further embodiment of the invention, the neutralised chloride-containing residue can be mixed with further additives in an intermediate step, e.g. with a binder such as cement, filter ash, bitumen, etc. In another embodiment of the method, at least one slag-forming agent can additionally be admixed, such as alkaline-earth, aluminium or silicon oxide.
The neutralised chloride-containing residue is suitable as a titanium-containing additive for use in furnaces with a refractory lining to increase the durability of 30 5 the refractory lining. It can be injected into the furnace in powdery form with a particle size of less than roughly 5 mm, or introduced into the furnace in agglomerated form (as granules, pellets, briquettes, etc.) with particle sizes of greater than roughly 5 mm.
5 Moreover, the titanium-containing additive is also suitable for use as an energy carrier and sintering aid in the ceramic and clay industry.
Examples 10
The invention is explained on the basis of the following examples, which are not intended as a limitation of the invention.
Example 1 15 1 kg of a moist cyclone dust with a chloride content of roughly 0.5% by weight, obtained from carbochlorination, was pasted up into a 10% by weight aqueous suspension. The pH value was 2.9. 5.8 g NaOH were admixed in the form of a 0.1 molar sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). A pH value of 7 was subsequently 20 obtained.
Example 2 1 kg of a moist cyclone dust with a chloride content of roughly 0.5% by weight, 25 obtained from carbochlorination, was pasted up into a 10% by weight aqueous suspension. The pH value was 2.9. 13.2 g Na2C03 were admixed in the form of a 0.1 molar Na2COs solution. A pH value of 7 was subsequently obtained.
Example 3
Same as Example 1, the difference being that 8.1 g KOH in the form of a 0.1 molar potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) was used instead of NaOH.
30
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008056809 | 2008-11-11 | ||
| DE200810056809 DE102008056809A1 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2008-11-11 | Titanium-containing aggregate and process for its preparation from chloride-containing residues of titanium dioxide production |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2003597A NL2003597A (en) | 2010-05-12 |
| NL2003597C2 true NL2003597C2 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
Family
ID=42114396
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2003597A NL2003597C2 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2009-10-06 | TITANIUM CONTAINING ADDITIVE AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE FROM CHLORIDE CONTAINING RESIDUES FROM TITANIUM DIOXIDE PRODUCTION. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE102008056809A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2938256A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL2003597C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2415880A1 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-08 | Sachtleben Chemie GmbH | Additive containing coke and titanium and use of same to repair the cladding of metallurgical containers |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4304724C1 (en) | 1993-02-17 | 1994-05-05 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Additive for strengthening oven refractory walls - comprises residues from titanium di:oxide prodn, coal residues, iron- and iron oxide-contg residues |
| DE4419816C1 (en) | 1994-06-07 | 1995-06-29 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Titanium-contg. additive used in refractory linings and as a slagging agent |
| DE19830102C1 (en) | 1998-07-06 | 1999-07-29 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Chloride process titanium dioxide production waste fines are used to increase refractory lining durability |
| DE102007055751A1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-12 | Sachtleben Chemie Gmbh | Process to form titanium pellets for admixture to iron smelt |
-
2008
- 2008-11-11 DE DE200810056809 patent/DE102008056809A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-10-06 NL NL2003597A patent/NL2003597C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-11-09 FR FR0957906A patent/FR2938256A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL2003597A (en) | 2010-05-12 |
| FR2938256A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
| DE102008056809A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| V1 | Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20130501 |