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WO2024263552A1 - Demande de prs prioritaire pour positionnement de wtru - Google Patents

Demande de prs prioritaire pour positionnement de wtru Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024263552A1
WO2024263552A1 PCT/US2024/034446 US2024034446W WO2024263552A1 WO 2024263552 A1 WO2024263552 A1 WO 2024263552A1 US 2024034446 W US2024034446 W US 2024034446W WO 2024263552 A1 WO2024263552 A1 WO 2024263552A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wtru
prs
positioning
threshold
processor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2024/034446
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Remun KOIRALA
Arman SHOJAEIFARD
Fumihiro Hasegawa
Javier LORCA HERNANDO
Alain Mourad
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
Original Assignee
InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc filed Critical InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
Publication of WO2024263552A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024263552A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/0218—Multipath in signal reception
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H04L5/0051—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of dedicated pilots, i.e. pilots destined for a single user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/01—Determining conditions which influence positioning, e.g. radio environment, state of motion or energy consumption
    • G01S5/017—Detecting state or type of motion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/0236—Assistance data, e.g. base station almanac
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0247—Determining attitude
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0294—Trajectory determination or predictive filtering, e.g. target tracking or Kalman filtering

Definitions

  • a fifth generation may be referred to as 5G.
  • a previous (legacy) generation of mobile communication may be, for example, fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE).
  • 4G fourth generation
  • LTE long term evolution
  • a device e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include a processor configured to perform one or more actions.
  • the WTRU may receive a positioning reference signal (PRS).
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the WTRU may determine a measurement associated with the PRS.
  • the WTRU may determine that a triggering condition is satisfied based on at least the measurement associated with the PRS. Based on the triggering condition being satisfied, the WTRU may determine a predicted WTRU position at a time instance.
  • the WTRU may send, to a network entity, an indication of the predicted WTRU position and the time instance.
  • the WTRU may receive at least one of PRS configuration information or positioning assistance information.
  • the WTRU may determine that the triggering condition is satisfied further based on the at least one of the configuration information or the positioning assistance information.
  • the WTRU may determine a mobility characteristic based on the measurement associated with the PRS.
  • the WTRU may determine that the triggering condition is satisfied based on the mobility characteristic.
  • the WTRU may determine that the triggering condition is satisfied based on the measurement associated with the PRS by determining that: a reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the PRS is above a first threshold; a likelihood (e.g., probability) that the WTRU will follow a line of sight path is above a second threshold; or a velocity of the WTRU is below a third threshold.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • the PRS may be received via a beam.
  • the WTRU may determine an orientation of the WTRU.
  • the WTRU may estimate a position of a scatterer based on the orientation of the WTRU and an angle of arrival of the beam.
  • the WTRU may determine whether the PRS was sent from a transmission/reception point (TRP) in a line of sight of the WTRU.
  • the WTRU may send an indication of whether the PRS was sent from a TRP in the line of sight of the WTRU.
  • the WTRU may determine a current position of the WTRU.
  • the WTRU may determine the time instance based on one or more of: an accuracy associated with current position of the WTRU, availability of WTRU mobility information, or a multipath channel condition.
  • the WTRU may determine, based on the predicted WTRU position, to request a priority PRS resource.
  • the WTRU may send a request for the priority PRS resource and a beam associated with the priority PRS resource.
  • a device may receive a positioning reference signal (PRS).
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the device may determine a mobility characteristic (e.g., position and/or velocity) of the WTRU based on a measurement associated with the PRS.
  • the device may receive an indication of PRS configuration information and positioning assistance information.
  • the device may determine that a condition (e.g., a condition for PRS prediction) may be satisfied based on the mobility characteristic, the PRS configuration, and the positioning assistance information. Based on the determination that the condition may be satisfied the device may determine a future WTRU position at a future time.
  • the device may send an indication of the future WTRU position and the future time.
  • the device may determine a PRS resource to be requested based on the future WTRU position and the future time.
  • the device may send a request for the PRS resource.
  • the device may determine a number of side beams to be requested based on the future WTRU position and the future time.
  • the device may send a request for the side beams.
  • the device may determine a duration that the PRS prediction may be valid.
  • the future time may be within the determined duration.
  • the prediction configuration information may include a maximum valid prediction time threshold and the future time may be prior to the maximum valid prediction time threshold.
  • FIG. 1 A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.
  • FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment.
  • WTRU wireless transmit/receive unit
  • FIG. 1 C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment.
  • RAN radio access network
  • CN core network
  • FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an example positioning architecture.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an example WTRU procedure for determining if received PRS resources are LoS or NLoS beams.
  • FIG. 4 depicts an example of multipath resolution arising from PRS-receive beam association.
  • FIG. 5 depicts an example geometry of a scatterer's position estimation.
  • FIG. 6 depicts an example of signals for PRS prediction request and configuration information.
  • FIG. 7 depicts example scenarios with small validity time.
  • FIG. 8 depicts an example determination of a predicted time.
  • FIG. 9 depicts an example LoS PRS beam and additional side beams based on a predicted position.
  • FIG. 10 depicts an example of signals for a PRS prediction procedure.
  • FIG. 1 A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.
  • the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users.
  • the communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth.
  • the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal FDMA
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier FDMA
  • ZT UW DTS-s OFDM zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM
  • UW-OFDM unique word OFDM
  • FBMC filter bank multicarrier
  • the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a RAN 104/113, a ON 106/115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and/or network elements.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and/or communicate in a wireless environment.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and/or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and/or industrial wireless networks, and the like.
  • UE user equipment
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • HMD head-mounted display
  • a vehicle a drone
  • the communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and/or a base station 114b.
  • Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106/115, the I nternet 110, and/or the other networks 112.
  • the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, a NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and/or network elements.
  • the base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104/113, which may also include other base stations and/or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc.
  • BSC base station controller
  • RNC radio network controller
  • the base station 114a and/or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum.
  • a cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors.
  • the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors.
  • the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell.
  • the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple output
  • beamforming may be used to transmit and/or receive signals in desired spatial directions.
  • the base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.).
  • the air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).
  • RAT radio access technology
  • the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like.
  • the base station 114a in the RAN 104/113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115/116/117 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA).
  • WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and/or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+).
  • HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and/or High-Speed UL Packet Access (HSUPA).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and/or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).
  • E-UTRA Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • LTE-A Pro LTE-Advanced Pro
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).
  • a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies.
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles.
  • DC dual connectivity
  • the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and/or transmissions sent to/from multiple types of base stations (e.g., a eNB and a gNB).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.
  • IEEE 802.11 i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)
  • IEEE 802.16 i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
  • CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO Code Division Multiple Access 2000
  • IS-95 Interim Standard 95
  • IS-856 Interim Standard 856
  • GSM Global System for
  • the base station 114b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like.
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell.
  • the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110.
  • the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106/115.
  • the RAN 104/113 may be in communication with the CN 106/115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and/or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d.
  • the data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the CN 106/115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and/or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication.
  • the RAN 104/113 and/or the CN 106/115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104/113 or a different RAT.
  • the CN 106/115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.
  • the CN 106/115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and/or the other networks 112.
  • the PSTN 108 may include circuit- switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS).
  • POTS plain old telephone service
  • the Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and/or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP/IP internet protocol suite.
  • the networks 112 may include wired and/or wireless communications networks owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104/113 or a different RAT.
  • Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links).
  • the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.
  • FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102.
  • the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit/receive element 122, a speaker/microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display/touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and/or other peripherals 138, among others.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like.
  • the processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment.
  • the processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit/receive element 122. While FIG. 1 B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and/or receive RF signals.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be an emitter/detector configured to transmit and/or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive any combination of wireless signals.
  • the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit/receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit/receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.
  • the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit/receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.
  • the transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit/receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit/receive element 122.
  • the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities.
  • the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11 , for example.
  • the processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit).
  • the processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128.
  • the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and/or the removable memory 132.
  • the non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device.
  • the removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like.
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • SD secure digital
  • the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).
  • the processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and/or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102.
  • the power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102.
  • the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.
  • the processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102.
  • location information e.g., longitude and latitude
  • the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and/or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable locationdetermination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and/or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and/or wired or wireless connectivity.
  • the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and/or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and/or Augmented Reality (VR/AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like.
  • FM frequency modulated
  • the peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and/or a humidity sensor.
  • a gyroscope an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and/or a humidity sensor.
  • the WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and/or simultaneous.
  • the full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118).
  • the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).
  • a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).
  • FIG. 1 C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment.
  • the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.
  • the RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology.
  • the eNode-B 160a for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and/or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.
  • Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and/or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.
  • the CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and/or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.
  • MME mobility management entity
  • SGW serving gateway
  • PGW packet data network gateway
  • the MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node.
  • the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation/deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.
  • the MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and/or WCDMA.
  • the SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface.
  • the SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to/from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • the SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter- eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.
  • the SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.
  • packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110
  • the CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks.
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices.
  • the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108.
  • IMS IP multimedia subsystem
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1 A-1 D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.
  • the other network 112 may be a WLAN.
  • a WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP.
  • the AP may have an access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired/wireless network that carries traffic in to and/or out of the BSS.
  • Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs.
  • Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations.
  • Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA.
  • the traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and/or referred to as peer-to- peer traffic.
  • the peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS).
  • the DLS may use an 802.11e DLS or an 802.11 z tunneled DLS (TDLS).
  • a WLAN using an Independent BSS (I BSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other.
  • the IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad- hoc” mode of communication.
  • the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel.
  • the primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width via signaling.
  • the primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP.
  • Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) may be implemented, for example in in 802.11 systems.
  • the STAs e.g., every STA, including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed/detected and/or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off.
  • One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.
  • High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.
  • VHT STAs may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and/or 160 MHz wide channels.
  • the 40 MHz, and/or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels.
  • a 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration.
  • the data, after channel encoding may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams.
  • Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing may be done on each stream separately.
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • the streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA.
  • the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11 af and 802.11 ah.
  • the channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11 ah relative to those used in 802.11 n, and 802.11ac.
  • 802.11 af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum
  • 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non- TVWS spectrum.
  • 802.11 ah may support Meter Type Control/Machine-Type Communications, such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area.
  • MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and/or limited bandwidths.
  • the MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).
  • WLAN systems which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11 n, 802.11 ac, 802.11 af, and 802.11 ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel.
  • the primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS.
  • the bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and/or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode.
  • the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and/or other channel bandwidth operating modes.
  • Carrier sensing and/or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode), transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the frequency bands remains idle and may be available.
  • STAs e.g., MTC type devices
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • the available frequency bands which may be used by 802.11 ah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.
  • FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment.
  • the RAN 113 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.
  • the RAN 1 13 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology.
  • gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and/or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c.
  • the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and/or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology.
  • the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology.
  • WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and/or gNB 180c).
  • CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and/or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and/or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing varying number of OFDM symbols and/or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).
  • TTIs subframe or transmission time intervals
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and/or a non-standalone configuration.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c).
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with/connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with/connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously.
  • eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and/or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and/or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E- UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • the CN 115 shown in FIG. 1 D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and/or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node.
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like.
  • Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine type communication (MTC) access, and/or the like.
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low latency
  • eMBB enhanced massive mobile broadband
  • MTC machine type communication
  • the AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and/or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.
  • radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and/or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like.
  • a PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernetbased, and the like.
  • the UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet- switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.
  • the UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.
  • the CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks.
  • the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108.
  • IP gateway e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server
  • IMS IP multimedia subsystem
  • the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.
  • DN local Data Network
  • one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and/or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown).
  • the emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein.
  • the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and/or to simulate network and/or WTRU functions.
  • the emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and/or in an operator network environment.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and/or deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network.
  • the emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and/or may performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network.
  • the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and/or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and/or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components.
  • the one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and/or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and/or receive data.
  • RF circuitry e.g., which may include one or more antennas
  • Positioning with low latency, high accuracy, and high reliability may be an important component of cellular systems (e.g., for mobile WTRUs).
  • Use cases for this area may include autonomous driving, traffic monitoring, road user charging, asset and freight tracking, and positioning of UAVs. Some of these use cases may exhibit accuracy and latency specifications (e.g., very stringent accuracy and latency constraints).
  • Feature(s) associated with positioning reference signal (PRS) resources are provided herein.
  • Positioning-specific reference signals may be defined as DL-PRS for downlink and UL-SRS for uplink.
  • the PRS or SRS resource (e.g., each of the PRS or SRS resources) may be allocated in the time and frequency OFDM grid of the transmitter.
  • the PRS or SRS resources may be encoded with Zadoff-Chu sequences. These resources may be transmitted as directional beams.
  • the full set of directional beams transmitted by a TRP or a WTRU in the same frequency may be referred to as a PRS resource set.
  • the PRS or SRS configuration may account for the time, frequency, and/or spatial domain arrangement of the reference signals.
  • the configuration may include the starting symbol and/or the total number of symbols in which PRS or SRS may be allocated.
  • the configuration may include the starting resource element and/or the total bandwidth allocated for positioning.
  • the PRS or SRS resource configuration may be characterized by multiple resource sets.
  • a resource set (e.g., each resource set) may include a set of PRS or SRS beams with their resource ID, the beam direction (e.g., in zenith and azimuth), and/or the beamwidth.
  • a TRP or WTRU may receive (e.g., be require) one or more (e.g., multiple) measurements from another (e.g., a different) TRP or WTRU.
  • a (e.g., every) positioning occasion may involve PRS or SRS resource multiplexing from different TRPs or WTRUs in time, frequency, and/or space.
  • the PRS or SRS resources may be allocated in a staggered comb arrangement.
  • the PRS or SRS transmission may occur in multiple positioning occasions. Between different positioning occasions, the PRS resources may be transmitted in periodic, semi-periodic, or aperiodic fashion (e.g., depending on the positioning requirements and/or ability of the target WTRU).
  • the (e.g., additional) PRS or SRS configuration may include the periodicity to indicate these transmissions for multiple PRS or SRS occasions.
  • the DL-PRS resources (e.g., from multiple TRPs) may be transmitted to the target WTRU.
  • the signal propagation environment may change one or more of the properties of the transmitted signal (e.g., the signal amplitude, frequency, and/or phase) which may be measured by the WTRU (e.g., as RSRP, RSTD, doppler shifts, etc.).
  • the WTRU may infer intermediate positioning metrics (e.g., delay between the TRP and the WTRU with DL-TDoA or the angle with DL-AoD) using these measurements.
  • the UL-SRS resources may be transmitted by the WTRU to multiple TRPs.
  • the TRPs may measure the RSRP, RSTD, doppler shift, etc. from each of the resources.
  • the TRP may infer the positioning metrics (e.g., delay with UL-TDoA or the angle with UL- AoA).
  • a combination downlink and uplink method may include the TRP transmitting the DL-PRS and the WTRU transmitting UL-SRS (e.g., upon DL-PRS reception). This method may generate a two-way range between the TRP and the target WTRU. The combination downlink and uplink method may eliminate TRP-WTRU clock synchronization error issues.
  • Measurements and metrics at the WTRU or multiple TRPs may be fused together (e.g., at the WTRU, TRP, or the network) to estimate the position of the target WTRU (e.g., in terms of either 2D or 3D coordinates).
  • FIG. 2 depicts an example positioning architecture.
  • the example positioning architecture may include one or more (e.g., three) entities (e.g., main entities).
  • the entities may include the target WTRU, NG-RAN (e.g., comprising either NR gNB or LTE ng-eNB TRPs), and the core network 5GC (e.g., comprising the AMF and LMF).
  • NG-RAN e.g., comprising either NR gNB or LTE ng-eNB TRPs
  • the core network 5GC e.g., comprising the AMF and LMF.
  • the role of the entities may include one or more of the following: requesting/transmitting positioning assistance information; requesting/transmitting DL-PRS/UL-SRS resources; measuring and/or transmitting the positioning metrics; and/or measuring and transmitting the final position estimate.
  • Interfaces may include NG-C interface (e.g., connects the NG-RAN and the 5G core network) and NR/LTE Uu interface (e.g., connects the WTRU and the NG-RAN).
  • NG-C interface e.g., connects the NG-RAN and the 5G core network
  • NR/LTE Uu interface e.g., connects the WTRU and the NG-RAN.
  • NRPPa e.g., between the NG-RAN Node and the LMF over NG-C interface
  • RRC e.g., between the gNB/ng-eNB and the WTRU over the NR/LTE-Uu interface
  • LPP e.g., between the WTRU and the LMF over the NG-C and NR/LTE-Uu interface
  • the network may support snapshot positioning of a WTRU with or without mobility (e.g., using DL/UL-TDoA, DL-AoD, UL-AoA, multi-RTT, and/or the like).
  • the WTRU may request positioning operation and/or (e.g., based on whether the request is for WTRU-based or WTRU-assisted positioning) assistance information transfer and the PRS configuration from the network.
  • the PRS transmission and measurement may occur.
  • one or more (e.g., multiple) reference signals from one or more (e.g., multiple) TRPs may be transmitted multiplexed in time, frequency, and spatial domain. Because of the centralized positioning architecture in some network architectures, the signaling, transmissions measurement(s), and estimation(s) of these signals may result in increased latency of the procedure (e.g., that may impair positioning of WTRU or scatterer(s) in dynamic environments or mobility scenarios).
  • a device e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include a processor configured to perform one or more actions.
  • the device may receive a positioning reference signal (PRS) (e.g., from a network entity, for example, an AMF, LMF, gNB(s) and/or TRP(s)).
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the device may determine a mobility characteristic (e.g., position and/or velocity) of the WTRU based on a measurement associated with the PRS.
  • the device may receive an indication of PRS configuration information and positioning assistance information.
  • the device may determine that a condition (e.g., a condition for PRS prediction) may be satisfied based on the mobility characteristic, the PRS configuration, and the positioning assistance information.
  • the device may determine a future WTRU position at a future time.
  • the device may send an indication of the future WTRU position and the future time (e.g., to a network entity, for example, an AMF, LMF, gNB(s) and/or TRP(s)).
  • the network entity from which the device receives the PRS and the network entity to which the device sends the indication may be the same or different network entities.
  • the device may determine a PRS resource to be requested based on the future WTRU position and the future time.
  • the device may send a request for the PRS resource.
  • the device may determine a number of side beams to be requested based on the future WTRU position and the future time.
  • the device may send a request for the side beams.
  • the device may determine a duration that the PRS prediction may be valid.
  • the future time may be within the determined duration.
  • the prediction configuration information may include a maximum valid prediction time threshold. The future time may be prior to the maximum valid prediction time threshold.
  • Feature(s) associated with priority PRS request associated with WTRU positioning are provided herein.
  • a WTRU may receive a PRS configuration (e.g., measurement time, frequency, periodicity) from the network (e.g., gNB, LMF) to position itself.
  • the WTRU may receive positioning assistance information (e.g., PRS resource information including PRS measurement patterns, beam IDs, angles, etc.) from the network.
  • the WTRU may receive respective PRS(s) transmitted from respective TRP(s) and measure the associated RSRP/time of flight (ToF)Zdoppler frequency.
  • the WTRU may estimate a mobility characteristic of the WTRU (e.g., position and/or velocity), for example using the measurement.
  • the WTRU may determine to perform PRS prediction based on the WTRU meeting one or more triggering conditions (e.g., strong LoS paths with RSRP above a threshold, WTRU velocity below a threshold, etc.).
  • the WTRU may request and/or receive a prediction configuration (e.g., position prediction algorithm(s), parameter(s), time to the next measurement occasion A, maximum valid prediction time threshold T ma x, etc.) and/or the assistance information (e.g., any mobility information tracked by the network for the WTRU under consideration, PRS resources ID(s) and associated angles and beamwidth information for the next measurement occasion from the network, etc.).
  • a prediction configuration e.g., position prediction algorithm(s), parameter(s), time to the next measurement occasion A, maximum valid prediction time threshold T ma x, etc.
  • the assistance information e.g., any mobility information tracked by the network for the WTRU under consideration, PRS resources ID(s) and associated angles and beamwidth information for the next measurement occasion from the network
  • the WTRU may determine a time duration T v where the predicted position may be valid based on one or more conditions (e.g., accuracy of current position, availability of WTRU mobility information, multipath channel conditions, etc.).
  • the WTRU may initiate position and/or PRS prediction based on one or more conditions (e.g., T>A).
  • the WTRU may determine a future time instance T (e.g., A, T v , etc.) and may predict its position at the determined future time instance.
  • the WTRU may determine priority PRS resource(s) to be requested (e.g., PRS I D(s), PRS resource set I D(s), etc.) and/or a number of additional side beams to be requested (e.g., N, PRS I D(s), resource set I D(s)).
  • the WTRU may report (e.g., to the network) one or more of: the determined locations, request(s) for priority PRS beams, the number of additional side beams, or the determined time T.
  • PRS configuration may refer to one or more of: the list of positioning TRPs, parameters of the PRS for resources to be used by each of the TRPs (e.g., the measurement time related information within each measurement occasion including starting symbol), measurement period, repetition, gap and muting period, or frequency related information (e.g., bandwidth, pattern, and scheduling information).
  • parameters of the PRS for resources to be used by each of the TRPs e.g., the measurement time related information within each measurement occasion including starting symbol
  • measurement period e.g., the measurement time related information within each measurement occasion including starting symbol
  • repetition e.g., repetition, gap and muting period
  • frequency related information e.g., bandwidth, pattern, and scheduling information
  • Positioning capabilities information may refer to one or more of: the ability of the network or the target WTRU to support different types of positioning methods or measurement (e.g., velocity).
  • Position assistance information may include one or more of: DL-PRS configuration of the candidate positioning TRPs, spatial direction information (e.g., azimuth, elevation etc.) of the DL-PRS resources of the candidate TRPs, or geographical coordinates of the TRPs.
  • LMF may refer to any core network component capable to exchange positioning messages and information with both the WTRUs and other TRPs.
  • the configuration information, capability exchange, and positioning assistance information may be exchanged via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC, DCI/UCI, MAC-CE, LPP) or predefined by implementation.
  • higher layer signaling e.g., RRC, DCI/UCI, MAC-CE, LPP
  • a device e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include a processor configured to perform one or more actions.
  • the device may receive a first positioning reference signal (PRS) resource from a first transmission-reception point (TRP) and a second PRS resource from a second TRP.
  • the device may determine the first PRS resource may be a line of sight (LoS) resource and the second PRS resource may be a non-line of sight (NLoS) resource.
  • the device may determine a WTRU position based on a measurement associated with the LoS resource and a scatterer position based on a measurement associated with the NLoS resource.
  • the device may receive an indication of PRS configuration information and positioning assistance information.
  • the device may determine a future WTRU position at a future time.
  • the device may determine one or more side beams based on the scatterer position, the future WTRU position, and the future time.
  • the device may send an indication of the future WTRU position, the future time, and a request for the one or more side beams.
  • the device may associate the second PRS resource with a Rx beam.
  • the determination of the scatterer position may be further based on an RSRP threshold.
  • the device may determine that a condition (e.g., a condition for PRS prediction) may be satisfied based on the WTRU position, the PRS configuration information, and the positioning assistance information.
  • a condition e.g., a condition for PRS prediction
  • the determination that the first PRS resource may be an LoS resource and the second PRS resource may be an NLoS resource may be based on an RSRP threshold and/or a time of flight (ToF) threshold.
  • a WTRU may be configured to estimate the position of scatterer(s) in the environment (e.g., a configuration to perform measurements for estimating the position of the scatter(s) may include measurement time, frequency, periodicity), for example with RSRP threshold.
  • the WTRU may receive respective PRS resource(s) from respective TRP(s) and measure RSRP/ToF and/or doppler frequency.
  • the WTRU may resolve the PRS resource(s) received from the TRP(s) as LoS or NLoS beams.
  • the WTRU may associate a (e.g., each) PRS beam in NLoS with an Rx beam (e.g., to a scatterer).
  • the WTRU may estimate its location and that of scatterer(s) using the measurements from the LoS and NLoS resources (e.g., respectively).
  • the WTRU may determine to perform the PRS prediction based on the WTRU meeting one or more triggering conditions (e.g., strong NLoS paths with RSRP above a threshold, WTRU velocity below a threshold, etc.).
  • the WTRU may request and/or receive a prediction configuration (e.g., position prediction algorithm(s), parameters, time to the next measurement occasion A, maximum valid prediction time threshold T ma x, etc.) and/or assistance information (e.g., PRS resources ID(s), angle, and beamwidth information for the next measurement occasion).
  • the WTRU may determine the time duration T v where the predicted position may be valid (e.g., estimated to be or determined to be valid) based on one or more conditions (e.g., accuracy of current WTRU and scatterer(s) position, availability of the WTRU’s mobility information, etc.).
  • the WTRU may initiate position and PRS prediction based on one or more conditions (e.g., T>A).
  • the WTRU may determine a future time instance T (e.g., A, T v , etc.) and may predict its position in the determined instance.
  • the WTRU based on its determined position, may determine priority PRS resources to be requested (e.g., PRS I D(s), PRS resource set I D(s), etc.) and/or a number of additional side beams to be requested (e.g., N, PRS I D(s), resource set I D(s)).
  • the WTRU may report (e.g., to the network) one or more of: the determined location(s), request(s) for priority PRS beams, the (e.g., additional) side beams for the scatterer(s)’ position estimation to the network, or the determined time T.
  • Configuration information may include and/or refer to one or more of: the list of positioning TRPs; parameters of the PRS for resources to be used by each of the TRPs (e.g., the measurement time related information within each measurement occasion including starting symbol); a measurement period; repetition, gap, and muting period; and/or frequency related information (e.g., bandwidth, pattern, or scheduling information).
  • Positioning capabilities information may refer to one or more of: the ability of the network or the target WTRU to support different types of positioning methods or measurement (e.g., velocity).
  • Position assistance information may include one or more of: DL-PRS configuration of the candidate positioning TRPs; spatial direction information (e.g., azimuth, elevation, etc.) of the DL-PRS resources of the candidate TRPs; or geographical coordinates of the TRPs.
  • LMF may refer to a (e.g., any) core network component capable to exchange positioning messages and information with the WTRUs and other TRPs.
  • the configuration information, capability exchange, and positioning assistance information may be exchanged via higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC, DCI/UCI, MAC-CE, LPP) or may be predefined by implementation.
  • higher layer signaling e.g., RRC, DCI/UCI, MAC-CE, LPP
  • a PRS beam may be determined to be in LoS if the TRP is in LoS and the resource(s) with the highest RSRP and/or the lowest ToF.
  • a PRS beam may be determined to be in NLoS if the TRP is in NLoS and PRS resource(s) are above RSRP threshold and below ToF threshold, or if the TRP is in LoS and the PRS resource(s) are not in LoS and PRS resource/s above RSRP threshold and below ToF threshold.
  • WTRU and “target WTRU” may be used interchangeably.
  • TRP may be used interchangeably with “base station,” “gNB,” or “PRU.”
  • a “network” may refer to a base station, AMF, LMF, or gNB.
  • a “PRS” may refer to either “DL-PRS” for downlink positioning, “UL-SRS” for uplink positioning, or “SL-SRS” for sidelink positioning.
  • a “beam-pair” may correspond to the pair of DL-PRS beams from the TRPs and the receive beam used by the WTRU.
  • a “scatterer” may refer to an (e.g., any) object, structure, or the like (e.g., in the environment) that may reflect or diffract signals.
  • a “path” may refer to the trajectory that a signal takes to reach the WTRU.
  • An LoS path between the WTRU and the obstacle may refer to the path (e.g., the direct path) between the WTRU and the obstacle.
  • a NLoS path between the WTRU and the obstacle may refer to the path (e.g., the multi-bounce path) via other obstacles/ground reflections, etc. between the WTRU and the obstacle.
  • An “LoS/NLoS” indicator may be a soft indicator (e.g., 0, 0.1 , ..., 1)) or a hard indicator (e.g., 0 or 1) indicating whether the TRP is in LoS with the WTRU.
  • An LMF is a non-limiting example of a node or entity (e.g., network node or entity) that may be used for or to support positioning. Another (e.g., any other) node or entity may be substituted for the LMF (e.g., while still being consistent with this disclosure).
  • a node or entity e.g., network node or entity
  • Another (e.g., any other) node or entity may be substituted for the LMF (e.g., while still being consistent with this disclosure).
  • a “mobility characteristic” may refer to a position and/or a velocity of a WTRU or scatterer.
  • the WTRU may receive (pre)configured threshold(s) from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB).
  • Feature(s) associated with WTRU configuration, capability exchange, and assistance information transmission are provided herein.
  • a WTRU may be configured (e.g., by the network) for positioning.
  • Such configuration may include one or more of the following: PRS resource set I D(s), PRS resource I D(s), time configurations, frequency configurations, repetition configurations, or other configurations.
  • Time configurations may include one or more of slot offset, starting symbol position, number of symbols.
  • Frequency configurations may include one or more of comb offset values, cyclic shift values, starting RE position in frequency, or number of RBs.
  • Repetition configurations may include one or more of resource type (e.g., aperiodic, semi- persistent, periodic) or resource set periodicity (e.g., for periodic and semi-persistent types).
  • resource type e.g., aperiodic, semi- persistent, periodic
  • resource set periodicity e.g., for periodic and semi-persistent types
  • Other configurations may include one or more of power control configurations (e.g., transmission power), pathloss configurations associated with a reference signal (e.g., DL-PRS, SS-block), QCL information, number of TRPs, or TRP ID(s).
  • power control configurations e.g., transmission power
  • pathloss configurations associated with a reference signal e.g., DL-PRS, SS-block
  • QCL information e.g., number of TRPs, or TRP ID(s).
  • the WTRU and the network may exchange capability information between them (e.g., information indicating the ability of the network or the target WTRU to support different types of positioning methods).
  • capability information e.g., information indicating the ability of the network or the target WTRU to support different types of positioning methods.
  • the WTRU may receive one or more of the following positioning assistance information (e.g., from the network): PRS resource set ID(s); PRS resource ID(s); spatial direction of the PRS resources (azimuth, elevation) associated to the PRS resource set ID(s); geographical coordinates of the TRPs; or LoS/NLoS indicator of the TRPs.
  • positioning assistance information e.g., from the network
  • PRS resource set ID(s) e.g., from the network
  • PRS resource ID(s) e.g., from the network
  • PRS resource ID(s) e.g., from the network
  • PRS resource ID(s) e.g., from the network
  • PRS resource ID(s) e.g., from the network
  • PRS resource ID(s) e.g., from the network
  • PRS resource ID(s) e.g., from the network
  • PRS resource ID(s) e.g., from the network
  • Feature(s) associated with TRP selection for positioning are provided herein.
  • the WTRU may be configured with a set of TRPs for positioning by the network.
  • the WTRU may be provided with a list of TRPs with each TRP associated with its own set of PRS resources.
  • a WTRU may be configured (e.g., by the network) to select a list of TRPs for positioning (e.g., among a set of candidate TRPs).
  • the WTRU may be configured with the PRS resources (e.g., PRS resource set ID(s), PRS resource I D(s), time and frequency resources, etc.) to be transmitted by the different TRPs.
  • the WTRU (e.g., upon reception of the resources) may measure the RSRP and/or the ToF.
  • the WTRU may estimate the LoS likelihood (e.g., probability) and the angle of arrival (AoA).
  • the WTRU may indicate (e.g., to the network) the TRPs to consider for positioning based on one or more of the following conditions.
  • the WTRU may estimate the LoS likelihood of the TRP above a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may measure the RSRP from the TRP above a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may determine the minimum AoA between the WTRU and the set of selected (e.g., any two selected) TRPs is above a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may estimate the LoS likelihood of the TRP above a (pre)configured threshold and/or the WTRU may measure the RSRP from the TRP above a (pre)configured threshold by considering the accuracy of estimating intermediate positioning metrics (e.g., such as delay and/or angle).
  • the WTRU may determine the minimum AoA between the WTRU and the set of one or more (e.g., any two) selected TRPs is above a (pre)configured threshold. This may minimize error due to GDoP and/or improve the 2D or 3D position of the WTRU during the fusion process (e.g., with algorithms such as trilateration and triangulation).
  • the WTRU may determine the (e.g., total) number of TRPs (K) for the positioning (e.g., depending upon one or more of the positioning accuracy, latency, or reliability specifications/requirements).
  • the WTRU may select (e.g., decide to select) the total number of TRPs below a threshold based on one or more of the following conditions.
  • the WTRU may determine the total number of TRPs in LoS (e.g., above threshold LoS likelihood) that are below a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may determine the number of TRPs within a (pre)configured proximity threshold (e.g., with a ToF below a ToF threshold).
  • the WTRU may determine the received RSRP from the TRPs is below a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may determine the number of TRPs based on the total indicated time for positioning being below a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may determine the number of TRPs based on the latency specification/requirement of the positioning procedure of the WTRU being below a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the number of TRPs may improve the positioning performance and reliability.
  • the number of TRPs fulfilling the above conditions may impact latency (e.g., due to the cost of additional signaling and measurements). If the TRPs do not fulfill the above conditions, the positioning accuracy may be worse (e.g., despite the additional signaling and measurement overhead).
  • the WTRU may report one or more of the following (e.g., to the network): the set of selected TRPs and measurements associated with the set of selected TRPs; and/or the set of TRPs that were not selected and measurements associated with the set of TRPs that were not selected. [0160] In examples, one or more of the following may be performed.
  • the WTRU may (e.g., be configured to) select the TPRs for positioning.
  • the WTRU may receive a set of configurations corresponding to the set for (e.g., all) candidate TRPs (e.g., TRP ID(s), PRS resource ID(s), measurement time, frequency, etc.) from the network (e.g., gNB, LMF).
  • the WTRU may receive the PRS resources from the candidate TRPs.
  • the WTRU may measure the RSRP and/or ToF.
  • the WTRU may determine the total number of TRPs to be selected.
  • the WTRU may select a set of TRPs based on one or more conditions (e.g., LoS likelihood, measured RSRP, ToF, latency requirement, etc.).
  • the WTRU may report the set of TRPs (e.g., TRP IDs) to the network.
  • the WTRU may include the measurements corresponding to the TRPs in the report.
  • the WTRU may determine to terminate the positioning procedure.
  • Feature(s) associated with PRS transmission and measurement are provided herein.
  • the WTRU may receive the PRS resources from multiple TRPs in the configured time and frequency.
  • the received PRS resources e.g., each of the received PRS resources
  • the WTRU may measure the positioning metrics such as RSRP, ToF, doppler shift, etc. (e.g., from each of the resources).
  • the WTRU may receive each resource in any combination of a direct, reflected, and/or diffracted paths.
  • the presence of multipath components may provide information about the environment including the scatterer(s). Resolution of multipath components may depend upon the available bandwidth (e.g., in terms of time related measurements and number of antenna elements in terms of angle related measurements).
  • a higher frequency band e.g., mm-Wave
  • the large available bandwidth and smaller antenna sizes may lead to a higher number of antenna elements at higher frequency bands and may allow for a finer path resolution.
  • the finer path resolution may imply higher target WTRU positioning accuracy, finer multipath resolution, and/or higher scatterer position estimation accuracy.
  • the WTRU may measure the positioning metrics with multiple PRS resources. This ability may depend on the WTRU capability, and such information may be transmitted to the LMF during capability transfer. Use of multiple beams in different spatial direction at the receiver may allow for better positioning performance due to higher received SNR and may improve delay and angular resolution.
  • Feature(s) described herein may provide one or more of the following.
  • the WTRU may increase its positioning efficiency (e.g., high accuracy, low latency, etc.). For example, if the WTRU correctly predicts the PRS resources in the next measurement occasion for positioning itself or the scatterer(s), the WTRU may receive more resources with high SNR helping resolve the position more efficiently.
  • the WTRU may increase its positioning efficiency (e.g., high accuracy, low latency, etc.). For example, if the WTRU correctly predicts the PRS resources in the next measurement occasion for positioning itself or the scatterer(s), the WTRU may receive more resources with high SNR helping resolve the position more efficiently.
  • the WTRU may use an estimated scattering point to improve communication or positioning by providing alternative paths to the TRPs for beamforming.
  • Feature(s) associated with estimating the position of the WTRU and/or the scatterer(s) are provided herein.
  • a PRS resource may be labeled as LoS or NLoS.
  • the WTRU may be configured to identify, label, and/or report the LoS/NLoS likelihood for a measured PRS resource (e.g., per measured PRS resource).
  • the WTRU may perform the resource-wise LoS/NLoS identification through TRP-wise LoS/NLoS identification and/or PRS resource-wise LoS/NLoS identification.
  • TRP-wise LoS/NLoS identification may include one or more of the following.
  • the WTRU may receive the TRP-wise LoS/NLoS indicator (e.g., from the network in the assistance information).
  • the TRP-wise LoS/NLoS indicator may be measured by the TRP or the network (e.g., during the initial TRP selection).
  • the WTRU may identify the TRP-wise LoS/NLoS identifier by utilizing the CIR patterns.
  • the LoS/NLoS indicator may be either a hard indicator (e.g., 0 or 1) or a soft indicator (e.g., 0, 0.1 , •••, 1). This indicator may (e.g., only) indicate whether direct LoS path is present er not and multiple NLoS paths may be (e.g., additionally) present between the TRP and the WTRU.
  • PRS resource-wise LoS/NLoS identification may include one or more of the following.
  • the WTRU may be configured to identify and/or report the LoS ID (e.g., per PRS resource).
  • the WTRU may determine and label the LoS PRS resource(s) as LoS based upon one or more of the following conditions.
  • the WTRU may determine the ToF of the PRS resources may be below a (pre)configured threshold, and/or the WTRU may determine the measured RSRP of the PRS resources is above a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may label the PRS resource(s) not in LoS as NLoS PRS resource(s).
  • FIG. 3 depicts an example of a WTRU determining the received PRS resources as LoS or NLoS beams, where one or more of the illustrated features may be performed.
  • a path may refer to the trajectory a beam takes to reach the WTRU from the TRP. Two beams may be said to take the same path if the difference between their AoAs is determined to be within a (pre)configured threshold.
  • FIG. 4 depicts an example where PRS resources bouncing off a scatterer (e.g., Scatterer 1) are received with the same Rx beam with a predefined AoA.
  • the WTRU (e.g., after receiving the PRS resources) may allocate each PRS resource to a path as a LoS direct path or a NLoS multipath component.
  • the WTRU may allocate the direct path to the received PRS resources labelled as “LoS” as previously described.
  • the WTRU may allocate one or more multi-path to the PRS resources in NLoS based on the following operations: the WTRU may receive the PRS resources from multiple TRPs (e.g., through different WTRU receive beams) in multiple time and frequency resources; the WTRU may determine to allocate the paths to only a subset of the received PRSs in NLoS determined to be a single-bounce multipath component; the WTRU may estimate the AoA of the subset of the received PRS resources and group them as unique multipath components; and the WTRU may allocate the NLoS PRS resources associated with each AoA cluster (e.g., Rx beam) to a multipath component.
  • a PRS resource may be associated with multiple multipath components.
  • the WTRU may determine to allocate the paths to only a subset of the received PRSs in NLoS determined to be a single-bounce multipath component. This determination may be done to reject the PRS resources arriving at the WTRU through multiple bounce paths and only allow the single bounce reflections off the scatterer(s).
  • the WTRU may determine this subset of PRS resources based on one or more of the following conditions: the PRS resources in NLoS with the measured ToF value below a (pre)configured threshold; or the PRS resources in NLoS with the RSRP value above a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may estimate the AoA of the subset of the received PRS resources and group them as unique multipath components. For example, if the WTRU has the beamforming capabilities, the WTRU may measure the DL-AoA based on the direction of the receive beam with which it received the resource (e.g., Rx beam as illustrated in FIG. 4). The WTRU may use several Rx beams, each with its unique AoA to receive the PRS resources. Each NLoS single-bounce PRS resource(s) may be allocated to one or more Rx beams and may be associated with an AoA. The WTRU may measure the DL-AoA of the received single bounce NLoS PRS. The WTRU may cluster multiple PRS resources based on the DL-AoA (e.g., two PRS resources may be considered in the same cluster if their difference in the measured AoA is below a (pre)configured threshold).
  • the WTRU may associate each of the received beams with a path.
  • the total number of paths may be less than or equal to the total number of WTRU beams.
  • a group of PRS beams from multiple TRPs may be associated to the same path.
  • FIG. 4 depicts an example of this process with different Rx beams (e.g., multipath resolution arising from PRS-receive beam association).
  • the WTRU may determine and report the total number of the received PRS resources determined to be multi-bounce resources. Received resource(s) not allocated as either LoS path or single bounce multi-path may be labelled as multi-bounce PRS resource(s).
  • Feature(s) associated with position and/or velocity estimation of the WTRU and the scatterer(s) are provided herein.
  • the WTRU may estimate its position using the measurements from the PRS resources.
  • the WTRU may consider one or more of the following subsets of the received PRS resources for positioning itself: all the received PRS resources associated with all the positioning TRPs; the received PRS resources associated with only TRPs with LoS likelihood above a (pre)configured threshold; or only the received PRS resources with LoS likelihood above a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may also be configured to estimate the position of the scatterer(s) in the environment.
  • the position of the scatterer(s) may be estimated by using the beams arriving as multipath components. The maximum number of scatterer(s) that can be estimated unambiguously corresponds to the AoA resolution.
  • the AoA resolution corresponds to the maximum number of spatially distinct Rx beams.
  • the total number of resolved scatterer(s) may correspond to either the total Rx beams with one or more PRS resources associated with it or the total number of AoA clusters.
  • Each path/Rx beam/AoA cluster may be associated with a scatterer.
  • the WTRU may use the measurements corresponding to the PRS resources associated with the single-bounce paths to estimate the position of the one or more of the scatterer(s).
  • the WTRU may use one or more of the following information to estimate the position of a scatterer: the geographical coordinates of the TRPs; the angle of departure (AoD) of the PRS resources associated with the scatterer; the AoA of the PRS resources associated with the scatterer; the orientation of the WTRU with respect to a reference direction; or the ToF and hence the distance of the single bounce path between the TRP and the WTRU.
  • FIG. 5 depicts an example of the geometry of scatterer's position estimation with AoD, AoA and the WTRU orientation.
  • the WTRU may be configured to measure its orientation in order to use AoA for scatterer(s)’ position estimation. Since orientation may be the reference direction for the WTRU and the measured AoA, the WTRU may need the orientation information for the estimation.
  • the WTRU may measure its estimated position or measure its orientation (e.g., in terms of degrees, radians, etc.) using RAT independent methods if capable (e.g., by using inertial sensors).
  • the WTRU may indicate this capability (e.g., to the network) during the capability exchange.
  • the WTRU may be configured to measure its orientation in the indicated time by the network (e.g., during the PRS measurement occasions).
  • the WTRU may estimate its velocity using the doppler shift measurements with the associated LoS PRS beams.
  • Feature(s) associated with priority PRS beam estimation e.g., PRS beam and total valid time prediction
  • reporting are provided herein.
  • PRS prediction may be conditionally triggered.
  • the WTRU may be triggered by the network or by itself to send a request to the network to make PRS prediction for estimating its position or the position of the scatterer(s).
  • the WTRU may receive a trigger (e.g., from the network) to send a request to make the PRS prediction for locating itself or the scatterer(s).
  • the WTRU may receive such trigger through the higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC, DCI/UCI, MAC-CE, LPP).
  • the WTRU may be triggered to send a PRS prediction request (e.g., to the network) for locating itself based on one or more of the following conditions: the WTRU may determine the total number of TRPs in LoS may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may identify total number of PRS resources from multiple TRPs in LoS above a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the measured RSRP of the received LoS PRS resources may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the total number of identified scatterer(s) may be below a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the total number of resolved paths may be below a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the measured the RSRP (e.g., average) of the NLoS PRS resources may be below a (pre)configured threshold; or the WTRU may determine the velocity of the WTRU may be below a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may determine to predict the position of one or more of the scatterers in the environment.
  • the WTRU may determine the scatterer(s) to locate based on one or more of the following conditions: the WTRU may determine the measured RSRP value (e.g., average, median, etc.) of the PRS resource(s) corresponding to a scatterer, or a path may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the ToF value (e.g., average, median) corresponding to the scatterer or a path may be below a (pre)configured threshold; or the WTRU may be indicated by the network (e.g., 2D or 3D coordinates, AoD of the PRS resource(s), etc.) to predict the position of a scatterer in certain location.
  • the network e.g., 2D or 3D coordinates, AoD of the PRS resource(s), etc.
  • the WTRU may determine to predict the location of the scatterer(s) based on one or more of the following conditions: the WTRU may determine the total number of PRS resources associated with the scatterer(s) to be located may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the measured RSRP of the PRS resources associated with the scatterer(s) to be located may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the total number of identified scatterer(s) may be below a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the measured RSRP of the PRS resource(s) with scatterer(s) other than the ones to be located may be below a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the total number of TRPs in LoS may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may identify total number of PRS resources from multiple TRPs in LoS above a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the measured the RSRP of the received LoS PR
  • the WTRU may determine to request for PRS prediction based on the conditions that may allow for accurate scatterer(s)’ position estimation (e.g., strong LoS path for WTRU’s position estimation, strong NLoS path for scatterer(s)’ position estimation, etc.).
  • accurate scatterer(s)’ position estimation e.g., strong LoS path for WTRU’s position estimation, strong NLoS path for scatterer(s)’ position estimation, etc.
  • the WTRU may indicate the PRS prediction request to the network.
  • the WTRU may receive the grant for the PRS prediction from the network.
  • the WTRU may be configured for predicting its or the scatterers’ position.
  • the WTRU may receive one or more of the following for the configuration: an indication of the algorithm to use for position prediction; parameters associated with the indicated algorithm; the time to next measurement occasion A if known; or the maximum valid prediction time threshold T ma x until when the WTRU may predict the PRS.
  • An indication of the algorithm to use for position prediction may be a linear prediction algorithm, (e.g., linear-regression, Kalman filters, etc.) or a non-linear prediction algorithm (e.g., non-linear regression, extended Kalman filters, etc.)
  • Parameters associated with the indicated algorithm may be linear regression parameters (e.g., total number of terms or Kalman filter parameters, such as states to be predicted, state transition matrices, control input matrices, etc.) or non-linear regression parameters (e.g., non-linear regression functions, models, etc.)
  • the time to next measurement occasion A if known may be, for example, expressed in terms of symbol index, slot index, frame or subframe index, absolute time, or relative time with respect to a reference time).
  • the maximum valid prediction time threshold T ma x may be, for example, expressed in terms of symbol index, slot index, frame or subframe index, absolute time, or relative time with respect to a reference time) until when the WTRU may predict the PRS.
  • the WTRU may receive an indication of the algorithm for position prediction.
  • the WTRU may receive a set of configurations of algorithm(s) for the WTRU to choose for the position prediction.
  • the WTRU may also be configured with the parameters of the algorithm(s).
  • the WTRU may also receive the time to the next position measurement occasion A (e.g., if the measurement occasion may be periodic, semi-persistent or pre-scheduled).
  • the WTRU may receive the maximum valid time threshold T ma x. This may be an indication of the maximum time limit the WTRU may estimate the estimate the PRS resources within.
  • Feature(s) associated with assistance data for position prediction are provided herein.
  • the WTRU may receive the assistance data for position prediction (e.g., from the network).
  • the WTRU may receive one or more of the following information as prediction assistance information: PRS resource sets and resources available for the next measurement occasions, or velocity of the WTRU (e.g., if available).
  • PRS resource sets and resources available for the next measurement occasions may include one or more of: PRS resource set I D(s) available for the next measurement occasion; PRS resource I D(s) available for the next measurement occasions; the AoD associated with the PRS resource I D(s); or the beamwidth associate with the PRS resource set I D(s).
  • the WTRU may also receive the configurations of the PRS resources and resource sets for the measurement occasions (e.g., the next measurement occasion). These configurations may be the same as the PRS configurations in the current time instance or different.
  • the WTRU may receive the information about the angles of transmission, beamwidth, etc. to aid the WTRU in selecting the PRS resources based on predicted position.
  • the WTRU may receive mobility information about the WTRU (e.g., if any mobility information may be available).
  • FIG. 6 depicts an example of signals for PRS prediction request and configuration information.
  • Valid prediction time (T v ) may be determined.
  • the WTRU may determine the time duration where it may accurately predict the position of the WTRU or the scatterer(s). During this time duration the prediction may be valid (e.g., upon the reception of the PRS prediction grant and the prediction configuration information from the network).
  • the valid prediction time may be WTRU or scatterer specific depending on the entity that is being located.
  • FIG. 7 depicts example scenarios for selecting of small T v due to high channel variability (left) and erroneous position estimation (right).
  • the WTRU may determine this validity time T v for locating itself based on one or more of its estimated accuracy of current WTRU position, the channel conditions, the received or estimated mobility information, and the like.
  • FIG. 7 depicts an example showing the determination of T (e.g., A) and the relationship between different times (e.g ., Tv, Tmax).
  • the WTRU may determine a long prediction validity time (e.g., T v greater than a threshold) based on one or more of the following conditions: the total number of TRPs in LoS may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the total number of received PRS resources in LoS may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the total number of scatterer(s) or multipath components may be below a (pre)configured threshold; the total number of PRS resources with below threshold LoS likelihood may be below a (pre)configured threshold; he total number of PRS resources in NLoS with below threshold RSRP may be below a (pre)configured threshold; or the velocity of the WTRU may be below a (pre)configured threshold.
  • T v long prediction validity time
  • the WTRU may determine the prediction validity time T for locating the scatterer(s) in the environment based on one or more of: the estimated accuracy of the current WTRU position, estimated accuracy of the current scatterer(s)’ position, the channel conditions, the received or estimated WTRU and/or scatterer’s mobility information, the delay and the WTRU’s angular resolutions, and the like.
  • the WTRU may determine a long prediction validity time T for the scatterer(s)’ position estimation based on one or more of the following conditions: the total number of TRPs in LoS may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the total number of received PRS resources in LoS may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the total number of scatterer(s) or multipath components may be below a (pre)configured threshold; the total number of PRS resources corresponding to the path/scatterer to be located with above threshold RSRP may be above a (pre)configured threshold; or the velocity of the WTRU may be below a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may represent prediction validity time in terms of a symbol index, a slot index, a frame or subframe index, or as an absolute time or relative time with respect to a reference time.
  • the WTRU may consider one or more of the following as reference time for representing the relative validity time: the time of the current measurement occasion (e.g., symbol index, slot index, time stamp, etc.); or the time when WTRU receives the indication from the network (e.g., through DCI/MAC-CE, etc.) to initiate the PRS prediction, etc.
  • FIG. 8 depicts an example determination of T (e.g., A as depicted) and relationship between different times (e.g ., Tv, Tmax).
  • the WTRU may be configured by the network to predict its position or the scatterer(s)’ position for the future measurement occasion.
  • the WTRU may determine to predict its position or the scatterer(s)’ position for the future measurement occasion.
  • the WTRU may initiate the position prediction based on one or more of the following conditions: the determined validity time T v may be below a preconfigured threshold (e.g., T ma x); or the determined validity time may be above a preconfigured threshold (e.g., A).
  • the WTRU may determine to predict the position in the time T where T the time between the current time and the valid prediction time (e.g., T c ⁇ T ⁇ T V where T c is the current time instance and the T v is the valid prediction time expressed as absolute time) based on one or more of the following conditions: the WTRU may not be configured with the next measurement occasion A by the network; or the WTRU may determine that the valid prediction time T may be below the (pre)configured threshold (e.g., T ma x).
  • T the time between the current time and the valid prediction time e.g., T c ⁇ T ⁇ T V where T c is the current time instance and the T v is the valid prediction time expressed as absolute time
  • the WTRU may determine to predict the position in time T where T is the time in between the current time and time T max (T c ⁇ T ⁇ T ma x where T c is the current time instance and T max is expressed as absolute time) based on one or more of the following conditions: the WTRU may not be configured with the next measurement occasion A by the network; or the WTRU may determine that the valid prediction time T may be above the (pre)configured threshold T max .
  • the WTRU may predict its position in the determined time instance with one or more of the following information: the configured algorithm for position prediction; the configured parameters for the corresponding algorithm; the WTRU’s estimated position in the current measurement occasion; the WTRU’s estimated/indicated velocity; or the time when it may predict the position (e.g., T).
  • the WTRU may predict the scatterer(s)’ position in the determined time instance.
  • the WTRU may determine to predict the scatterer(s)’ position based on one or more of the following information: the configured algorithm for position prediction; the configured parameters for the corresponding algorithm; the scatterer’s estimated position in the current measurement occasion; the WTRU’s estimated position in the current measurement occasion; the WTRUs velocity information if available; or the time when it may predict the position (e.g., T).
  • the WTRU may select one the algorithms from the configured set for position prediction.
  • the WTRU may select the determined algorithm based on one or more of the following conditions: the WTRU’s available computational resources (e.g., hardware capability, computational time availability, etc.); the WTRU’s energy availability; the time complexity of the algorithm; the determined prediction time (T); and the like.
  • the WTRU may determine the suitability of the algorithm based on the available computational resources.
  • the WTRU may predict and request a set of PRS resources to be used in priority in the next measurement occasion to the network.
  • the WTRU may request the set of resources based on the predicted the WTRU or the scatterer(s)’ position. This set of PRS resources may be used in the next occasion to estimate the position of the WTRU or the scatterer.
  • the PRS resources requested for the next measurement occasion may be a subset of the PRS beams used in the initial measurement occasion or a different set of beams (e.g., from a different resource set).
  • the WTRU may request the PRS resources from a different resource set consisting of PRS beams with different properties (e.g., different set of angular directions and/or beamwidths). Beams with large width may have power dispersed though a wide area, which may result in lower SNR and worse positioning accuracy. However, the increased coverage may increase positioning reliability. Beams with small widths may exhibit higher SNR, which may result in better positioning accuracy, however a coverage area may be reduced, which may result in reduction of positioning reliability if the WTRU does not receive the PRS.
  • different properties e.g., different set of angular directions and/or beamwidths.
  • the WTRU may request the PRS resources for estimating the WTRU’s position or the scatterer(s)' position (e.g., based on the predicted position at the determined time T).
  • the WTRU may use one or more of the following to determine the PRS resources to be requested: the WTRU’s predicted position in the determined time instance; the scatterer(s)’ predicted position in the determined time instance; the location of the TRPs; the PRS resource set(s) available in the next measurement occasion.
  • the PRS resource set(s) available in the next measurement occasion may include the angular information (e.g., zenith, azimuth AoD) of the PRS resources within the resource set(s) and/or the beamwidth of the PRS resources.
  • FIG. 9 depicts an example LoS PRS beam, and the additional side beams based on the predicted position.
  • the WTRU may predict the PRS resources such that it may be in LoS with the predicted WTRU’s position (as depicted in FIG. 9).
  • the WTRU may also request additional PRS beams to be used the prediction position for either the WTRU’s or the scatterer(s)’ position estimation.
  • these additional PRS beams may be spatially consecutive side beams on either side of the predicted PRS resources (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 9). Since, with the predicted PRS, the WTRU may determine a spatially narrow sector for positioning, there may be a chance of misalignment with requested PRS beams to the target location. Hence, the WTRU may additionally request these beams in order to account for any erroneous predictions.
  • the predicted position of the WTRU or the scatterer(s) and/or the predicted PRS resources may be erroneous.
  • An error may cause the predicted PRS resources to be misaligned, which may degrade the positioning accuracy.
  • An error could arise from error due to limited resolution due to limited bandwidth, limited number of antenna elements at the WTRU, the variability of phase errors in each RF chain, lack of tight TRP-WTRU clock synchronization, additive noise, and the like. Additional side beams, along with the estimated PRS beams, may be used to reduce the likelihood of error due to beam misalignment.
  • the WTRU may request for a large number of additional side beams for WTRU’s location estimation based on one or more of the following conditions: the difference between the valid prediction time T and the determined prediction time instance (e.g., A) may be below a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the total number of scatterer(s) in the vicinity of the WTRU’s predicted position (e.g., within a radius r) may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the total number of TRPs with above threshold LoS likelihood may be below a (pre)configured threshold; the total number of PRS resources with above threshold LoS likelihood may be below a (pre)configured threshold; or the WTRU may determine the total number of scatterer(s) may be above a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the difference between the valid prediction time T and the determined prediction time instance e.g., A
  • the WTRU may determine the total number of scatterer(s) in the vicinity of the WTRU’s predicted position (e.
  • the WTRU may allocate a large number of additional side beams for scatterer(s)’ location estimation based on one or more of the following conditions.
  • the difference between the valid prediction time T and the determined prediction time instance may be below a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may determine the total number of scatterer(s) in the vicinity of the scatterer(s)’ predicted position (e.g., within a radius r) may be above a (pre)configured threshold; the total number of TRPs with above threshold LoS likelihood may be below a (pre)configured threshold; the total number of PRS resources with above threshold LoS likelihood may be below a (pre)configured threshold; the WTRU may determine the total number of scatterer(s) may be above a (pre)configured threshold.
  • the WTRU may indicate the side beams in terms a number N.
  • This N may represent the total number of additional beams with N/2 beams on either side of the main predicted LoS PRS beams.
  • the additional side beams requested would be 2.
  • the WTRU may indicate the side beams in terms of PRS resource I D(s) corresponding to the configured resources or the resources available in a future measurement occasion.
  • PRS resource I D(s) corresponding to the configured resources or the resources available in a future measurement occasion.
  • the additional side beams requested would be [PRS13, PRS15].
  • the WTRU may report one or more of the following measurements and predictions to the network: the WTRU’s position and/or velocity in the current measurement occasion; the WTRU’s predicted position in the determined prediction time instance; the scatterer(s)’ current estimated position and/or velocity; the scatterer(s)’ predicted position in the determined prediction time instance; the clustered PRS resources (e.g., indicated by their determined AoA and/or Rx beam IDs and/or their AoDs); the requested priority PRS beam I D(s); the requested additional side beams (e.g., N, PRS ID(s)); the list of TRPs in with LoS likelihood below a (pre)configured threshold; the total number and the PRS resource I D(s) determined to from multi-bounce paths; measured PRS resources determined to be in multi-bounce path; measured PRS resource(s) I D(s) and/or PRS resource set I D(s); or a timestamp associated with measurement.
  • the clustered PRS resources e.
  • the WTRU may report the measurements explicitly via one of the UL control signals (e.g., UCI, UL MAC-CE, PUSCH, PUCCH, etc.).
  • the UL control signals e.g., UCI, UL MAC-CE, PUSCH, PUCCH, etc.
  • the WTRU may report the measurements implicitly to the network via certain WTRU behaviors. For example, the WTRU may report the TRPs not in LoS by not requesting any PRS resources from the NLoS TRPs. The WTRU may also indicate higher additional side beams by reporting an above threshold number of NLoS TRPs.
  • FIG. 10 depicts an example of signals for a PRS prediction.
  • the WTRU may receive a message from the network indicating whether it has accepted the WTRU’s request (e.g., ACK, NACK as depicted in FIG. 10).
  • a message from the network indicating whether it has accepted the WTRU’s request (e.g., ACK, NACK as depicted in FIG. 10).
  • the WTRU may determine that the network has not accepted the request and may proceed to the next measurement occasion with original configurations. [0261] The WTRU may determine that the PRS resources in the next measurement occasion will be allocated according to the request. The WTRU may decide to use its original configurations or only use the relevant Rx beams (e.g., in the direction of the TRPs or the scatterer(s)) to receive the PRS resources.
  • the WTRU may be misaligned from one or more of the TRPs. If the WTRU may be misaligned from one or more of the TRPs, the WTRU may either receive no PRS resources or no LoS PRS resources from the TRP(s).
  • a determination that the WTRU may be in NLoS with one or more TRPs may be triggered by one or more of the following: the total number of TRP with below threshold LoS likelihood may be above a (pre)configured threshold; or the total number of PRS resources from one or more TRPs with below threshold measured RSRP may be above a (pre)configured threshold. If triggered, the WTRU may choose one or more of the following actions: report the LoS failure and request for reconfiguration of the PRS resources from the NLoS TRPs with new resource or resource sets (e.g., with more side beams, beams with wider widths, etc.); or end the positioning procedure.
  • new resource or resource sets e.g., with more side beams, beams with wider widths, etc.
  • a determination that the WTRU may be in complete outage for positioning may be triggered by one or more of the following conditions: the WTRU may not receive any PRS resources from the TRPs in the configured time and frequency. If triggered, the WTRU may choose one of the following actions: report the positioning failure and request for re-initiation of the positioning procedure; or end the positioning procedure.
  • the processes described above may be implemented in a computer program, software, and/or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and/or processor.
  • Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, electronic signals (transmitted over wired and/or wireless connections) and/or computer-readable storage media.
  • Examples of computer- readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as, but not limited to, internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and/or optical media such as compact disc (CD)-ROM disks, and/or digital versatile disks (DVDs).
  • a processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, terminal, base station, RNC, and/or any host computer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes, des procédés, des dispositifs et des instrumentalités associés à la sélection de ressources pour de multiples destinations. Un dispositif (par exemple, une unité d'émission/réception sans fil (WTRU)) peut recevoir un signal de référence de positionnement (PRS). Le dispositif peut déterminer une mesure associée au PRS. Le dispositif peut déterminer qu'une condition de déclenchement est satisfaite sur la base de la mesure associée au PRS. Sur la base de la satisfaction de la condition de déclenchement, le dispositif peut déterminer une position de WTRU prédite à un instant donné. Le dispositif peut envoyer, à une entité de réseau, une indication de la position de WTRU prédite et de l'instance de temps.
PCT/US2024/034446 2023-06-19 2024-06-18 Demande de prs prioritaire pour positionnement de wtru Pending WO2024263552A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022026048A1 (fr) * 2020-07-27 2022-02-03 Qualcomm Incorporated Estimation du positionnement d'un équipement utilisateur pour un instant spécifié
WO2022066380A1 (fr) * 2020-09-22 2022-03-31 Qualcomm Incorporated Configuration et gestion de signal de référence de positionnement
WO2023014432A1 (fr) * 2021-08-02 2023-02-09 Qualcomm Incorporated Critères de priorisation pour mesures de positionnement dans un schéma de mesure de fenêtre temporelle
WO2023069311A1 (fr) * 2021-10-19 2023-04-27 Interdigital Patent Holdings, Inc. Estimation d'emplacement d'obstacle

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022026048A1 (fr) * 2020-07-27 2022-02-03 Qualcomm Incorporated Estimation du positionnement d'un équipement utilisateur pour un instant spécifié
WO2022066380A1 (fr) * 2020-09-22 2022-03-31 Qualcomm Incorporated Configuration et gestion de signal de référence de positionnement
WO2023014432A1 (fr) * 2021-08-02 2023-02-09 Qualcomm Incorporated Critères de priorisation pour mesures de positionnement dans un schéma de mesure de fenêtre temporelle
WO2023069311A1 (fr) * 2021-10-19 2023-04-27 Interdigital Patent Holdings, Inc. Estimation d'emplacement d'obstacle

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