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WO2023283240A1 - Procédé et procédures pour une détection à haute granularité adaptative au moyen d'une coordination de multiples stations - Google Patents

Procédé et procédures pour une détection à haute granularité adaptative au moyen d'une coordination de multiples stations Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023283240A1
WO2023283240A1 PCT/US2022/036220 US2022036220W WO2023283240A1 WO 2023283240 A1 WO2023283240 A1 WO 2023283240A1 US 2022036220 W US2022036220 W US 2022036220W WO 2023283240 A1 WO2023283240 A1 WO 2023283240A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensing
sta
initiator
ndp
stas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2022/036220
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English (en)
Inventor
Satyanarayana Katla
Onur Sahin
Rui Yang
Sanjay Goyal
Mihaela Beluri
Arnab ROY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
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InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc filed Critical InterDigital Patent Holdings Inc
Publication of WO2023283240A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023283240A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection

Definitions

  • Joint radar and communication systems are considered as a coexistence solution to the ever- increasing demand for spectrum, due to services with high bandwidth requirements and the exponential increase in the number of connected devices.
  • Such joint systems allow the communication radar and the communication systems to operate in the same bandwidth, while causing little to no interference with each other.
  • RSSI received signal strength indicator
  • CSI channel state information
  • ToF time-of- flight
  • Existing techniques mainly focus on CSI, since CSI typically provides finer granularity compared with other metrics (e.g. RSS, ToF) or less stringent system requirements including synchronization.
  • the existing techniques consider variations in the metrics such as RSSI, CSI, and ToF, the number of detectable objects may be limited if the metrics are correlated or approximately similar to each other. This becomes extremely challenging when the objects and/or individuals that need to be identified are closely spaced. This is because the CSI, RSSI, and/or ToF reflected from the objects may be highly correlated. Therefore, a single, sensing-enabled access point (AP-STA) would not be able to discriminate the activities of the objects which experience correlated fading. Furthermore, the resolution of the CSI/ToF for measuring the variations arising from the motion due to Doppler, which is used for identifying the motion/location of the object, is also dependent on bandwidth.
  • a STA in accordance with the disclosure may comprise a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the receiver may receive, from an initiating STA, a first probe request including physical (PHY) layer capabilities associated with a first sensing.
  • the transmitter may transmit, to the initiating STA, a non-trigger based NDP.
  • the receiver may then receive, from the initiating STA, first sensing information based on the non-trigger based NDP and an indication that the initiating STA requests a second sensing.
  • the transmitter may transmit, to a plurality of multi-user (MU) sensing STAs, a second probe request, wherein the second probe request includes PHY layer capabilities associated with the second sensing.
  • the transmitter may then transmit, to the plurality of MU sensing STAs, a trigger-based NDP to enable the plurality of MU sensing STAs to perform the second sensing based on the trigger-based NDP.
  • MU multi-user
  • FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented
  • FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;
  • WTRU wireless transmit/receive unit
  • FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;
  • RAN radio access network
  • CN core network
  • FIG. 1D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the spatial correlation in the beams from sensing-enabled access point AP-STAs at different locations, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram for multi-AP sensing, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating non-trigger based (TB) sounding, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of TB sounding, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of the station (STA) Info Field containing feedback related information, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of a capabilities element that may be included in a probe request frame and/or a probe response frame, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram of a scenario where a sensing initiator is both a receiver (RX) and a processor, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a signal diagram where a sensing initiator is both a RX and a processor, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signaling procedures between a sensing initiator and sensing responders, where the sensing initiator is acting as a RX as well as a processor, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram of a deployment scenario where a sensing initiator is a RX only, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 12 is a signal diagram where a sensing initiator is a RX only, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is signal flow diagram illustrating signaling procedures between a sensing initiator and sensing responders, where the sensing initiator is a RX only, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram of a deployment scenario where a sensing initiator is a transmitter (TX) as well as a processor, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 15 is a signal diagram where a sensing initiator is a TX as well as a processor, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 16 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signaling procedures between a sensing initiator and sensing responders, where the sensing initiator is a TX as well as processor, according to an embodiment;
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram of a deployment scenario where a STA initiator is a TX only, according to an embodiment;
  • FIG. 18 is a signal diagram where a STA initiator is a TX only, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a signal flow diagram illustrating signaling procedures between a sensing initiator and sensing responders, where the sensing initiator is a TX only, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.
  • the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users.
  • the communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth.
  • the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform Spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S- OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal FDMA
  • SC-FDMA single carrier FDMA
  • ZT-UW-DFT-S- OFDM zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform Spread OFDM
  • UW-OFDM unique word OFDM
  • FBMC filter bank multicarrier
  • the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (ON) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and/or network elements.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and/or communicate in a wireless environment.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and/or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and/or industrial wireless networks, and the like.
  • UE user equipment
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • HMD head-mounted display
  • a vehicle a drone
  • the communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and/or a base station 114b.
  • Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106, the Internet 110, and/or the other networks 112.
  • the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a NodeB, an eNode B (eNB), a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a next generation NodeB, such as a gNode B (gNB), a new radio (NR) NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and/or network elements.
  • the base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and/or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, and the like.
  • BSC base station controller
  • RNC radio network controller
  • the base station 114a and/or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum.
  • a cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors.
  • the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors.
  • the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell.
  • the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple output
  • beamforming may be used to transmit and/or receive signals in desired spatial directions.
  • the base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.).
  • the air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).
  • RAT radio access technology
  • the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like.
  • the base station 114a in the RAN 104 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA).
  • WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and/or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+).
  • HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and/or High-Speed Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and/or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).
  • E-UTRA Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • LTE-A Pro LTE-Advanced Pro
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies.
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles.
  • DC dual connectivity
  • the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and/or transmissions sent to/from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).
  • the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.
  • IEEE 802.11 i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)
  • IEEE 802.16 i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
  • CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO Code Division Multiple Access 2000
  • IS-95 Interim Standard 95
  • IS-856 Interim Standard 856
  • GSM Global System for
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN).
  • the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell.
  • a cellular-based RAT e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.
  • the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110.
  • the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106.
  • the RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and/or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d.
  • the data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and/or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication.
  • the RAN 104 and/or the CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.
  • the CN 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.
  • the CN 106 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and/or the other networks 112.
  • the PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS).
  • POTS plain old telephone service
  • the Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and/or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP/IP internet protocol suite.
  • the networks 112 may include wired and/or wireless communications networks owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links).
  • the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular- based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.
  • FIG. 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG.
  • the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit/receive element 122, a speaker/microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display/touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and/or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like.
  • the processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment.
  • the processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit/receive element 122. While FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and/or receive RF signals.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be an emitter/detector configured to transmit and/or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example.
  • the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive any combination of wireless signals.
  • the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit/receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit/receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.
  • the transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit/receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit/receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.
  • the processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit).
  • the processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128.
  • the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and/or the removable memory 132.
  • the non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device.
  • the removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like.
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • SD secure digital
  • the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).
  • the processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and/or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102.
  • the power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102.
  • the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li- ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.
  • the processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102.
  • location information e.g., longitude and latitude
  • the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and/or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and/or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and/or wired or wireless connectivity.
  • the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and/or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and/or Augmented Reality (VR/AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like.
  • FM frequency modulated
  • the peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors.
  • the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, a humidity sensor and the like.
  • the WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and/or simultaneous.
  • the full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118).
  • the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the DL (e.g., for reception)).
  • a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the DL (e.g., for reception)).
  • FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment.
  • the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.
  • the RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology.
  • the eNode-B 160a for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and/or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.
  • Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and/or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.
  • the CN 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and/or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.
  • MME mobility management entity
  • SGW serving gateway
  • PGW packet data network gateway
  • PGW packet data network gateway
  • the MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node.
  • the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation/deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.
  • the MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and/or WCDMA.
  • the SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface.
  • the SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to/from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • the SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.
  • the SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.
  • packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110
  • the CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks.
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices.
  • the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108.
  • IMS IP multimedia subsystem
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.
  • the other network 112 may be a WLAN.
  • a WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP.
  • the AP may have access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired/wireless network that carries traffic in to and/or out of the BSS.
  • Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs.
  • Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations.
  • DS Distribution System
  • Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA.
  • the traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and/or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic.
  • the peer-to- peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS).
  • the DLS may use an 802.11e DLS or an 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS).
  • a WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other.
  • the IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad-hoc” mode of communication.
  • the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel.
  • the primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width.
  • the primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP.
  • Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) may be implemented, for example in 802.11 systems.
  • the STAs e.g., every STA, including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed/detected and/or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off.
  • One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.
  • High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.
  • VHT STAs may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and/or 160 MHz wide channels.
  • the 40 MHz, and/or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels.
  • a 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration.
  • the data, after channel encoding may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams.
  • Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing may be done on each stream separately.
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • the streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA.
  • the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11 af and 802.11 ah.
  • the channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11 ah relative to those used in 802.11h, and 802.11ac.
  • 802.11 af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum
  • 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum.
  • 802.11 ah may support Meter Type Control/Machine- Type Communications (MTC), such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area.
  • MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and/or limited bandwidths.
  • the MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).
  • WLAN systems which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11 n, 802.11ac, 802.11 af, and 802.11 ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel.
  • the primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS.
  • the bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and/or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode.
  • the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and/or other channel bandwidth operating modes.
  • Carrier sensing and/or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the available frequency bands remains idle.
  • STAs e.g., MTC type devices
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • the available frequency bands may be from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands may be from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands may be from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available may be 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.
  • FIG. 1D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment.
  • the RAN 104 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.
  • the RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology.
  • gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and/or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c.
  • the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and/or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology.
  • the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the
  • WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum.
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology.
  • WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and/or gNB 180c).
  • CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and/or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and/or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing a varying number of OFDM symbols and/or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).
  • TTIs subframe or transmission time intervals
  • the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and/or a non-standalone configuration.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c).
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with/connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with/connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c.
  • WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously.
  • eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and/or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and/or DL, support of network slicing, DC, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • the CN 106 shown in FIG. 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and/or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node.
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, and the like.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.
  • different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and the like.
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low latency
  • eMBB enhanced massive mobile broadband
  • the AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and/or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.
  • radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and/or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 106 via an N11 interface.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 106 via an N4 interface.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b.
  • the SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing DL data notifications, and the like.
  • a PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.
  • the UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.
  • the UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.
  • the CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks.
  • the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108.
  • IMS IP multimedia subsystem
  • the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers.
  • the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local DN 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.
  • one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and/or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown).
  • the emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein.
  • the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and/or to simulate network and/or WTRU functions.
  • the emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and/or in an operator network environment.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and/or deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network.
  • the emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and/or performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.
  • the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network.
  • the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and/or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and/or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components.
  • the one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and/or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and/or receive data.
  • RF circuitry e.g., which may include one or more antennas
  • a sensing initiator may be a STA that initiates a WLAN sensing session
  • a sensing responder may be the STA that participates in a WLAN sensing session initiated by the sensing initiator.
  • a sensing session corresponds to an instance of a sensing procedure with the associated scheduling, if applicable, and operational parameters of that instance.
  • a sensing responder may be either a sensing transmitter (TX) or a sensing receiver (RX).
  • a sensing TX may be the STA that transmits a null-data packet (NDP) used for sensing measurements in a sensing session
  • a sensing RX may be the STA that receives NDPs sent by a sensing TX and performs sensing measurements.
  • NDP null-data packet
  • Sensing measurements may be the observations at the sensing RX based on the received NDP and may include, but is not limited to, received signal strength (RSS), channel state information (CSI), angular resolution, range resolution, and/or time-of-flight (ToF).
  • a sensing result may be the final outcome after processing the observations (e.g. CSI).
  • the observations, which are unprocessed, from a plurality of sensing responders, may be combined (i.e. processed), to obtain a sensing result.
  • a STA may be monostatic, bistatic or multi-static. In some embodiments where the STA is monostatic, both the TX and the RX are present at the same node. In some embodiments where the STA is bistatic, the TX and the RX are at different nodes. In some embodiments where the STA is multi static, there may be a plurality of TX and RX STAs located at different nodes.
  • the multi-static STA may be facilitated with sensing PHY capabilities such that the STA may act as both a sensing TX and RX.
  • a STA may also provide sensing session related information including sensing bandwidth (i.e., the bandwidth required for sensing), sensing range resolution (i.e., the ability to discriminate measurements that are very dose to each other), field-of-view, etc.
  • sensing bandwidth i.e., the bandwidth required for sensing
  • sensing range resolution i.e., the ability to discriminate measurements that are very dose to each other
  • field-of-view etc.
  • all or some of these features may be collected under “sensing PHY capabilities” feature for each STA, which may be shared as a feedback for a given sensing session.
  • a trigger based (TB) NDP represents an NDP frame followed by trigger frame
  • non-TB NDP represents an NDP frame only, without a trigger frame
  • the sensing initiator STA or sensing responder STA TX or RX may perform processing of the sensing measurements which are fed-back by other responder STAs or an initiator STA based on the NDP.
  • the sensing is performed using beamforming, where the STA may decide to perform sensing either by beam sweeping, or by steering a beam in a specific direction, or in a quasi- directional fashion.
  • the STA TX may transmit the sensing signal and upon reception of the reflected signal, the STA RX carries out the sensing estimate based on the CSI, RSS, and/or ToF measurements, where the sensing estimate may be coarse owing to reasons such as correlated channel condition, limited bandwidth, and/or poor angular resolution.
  • the sensing may comprise two or more stages. For example, in some embodiments, one or more coarse sensing measurements are performed in a first stage and one or more fine sensing measurements are performed in one or more further stages.
  • the fine sensing measurements may provide relatively more detail than the coarse sensing measurements. For example, in some embodiments the fine sensing measurements may have a higher granularity as compared to the coarse sensing measurements.
  • the coarse sensing measurements may be transmitted to the STA initiator if the STA initiator is not the processor.
  • the STA initiator depending on the coarse sensing measurements, may decide to initiate another sensing session for finer granularity of the coarse sensing measurements.
  • coordination of multiple STA responders may be employed for factors such as spatial diversity, enhanced bandwidth using bandwidth aggregation, thereby providing improved angular resolution.
  • the coarse sensing measurements may be used to determine whether to perform a second, finer sensing session, thereby saving energy and signalling overhead when it is determined that a subsequent, finer sensing session is not necessary.
  • the STA initiator may determine that a finer sensing session to detect speed of motion, type of motion, etc. is not necessary.
  • the coarse sensing measurements may help identify one or more STAs for fine sensing.
  • the fine sensing information may be the same types of information as the coarse sensing information, but with greater resolution.
  • both the coarse sensing information and the fine sensing information may comprise location information, with the coarse sensing information comprising an approximate location of a person or object and the fine sensing information comprising a more specific location of the person or object.
  • the first sensing stage i.e., coarse sensing
  • the second sensing stage i.e., fine sensing
  • the first sensing stage may identify a motion of an object and/or person
  • the second sensing stage i.e., fine sensing
  • the coarse and/or fine sensing information is application dependent.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram 200 illustrating the spatial correlation in the beams as seen from AP-STAs at different locations, according to an embodiment.
  • the sensing initiator 201 is a TX
  • the sensing responder 202 is a TX and/or RX.
  • the sensing estimate obtained at the sensing responder (RX) using the NDP transmitted by the sensing initiator (TX) may be coarse, because of the correlated channel conditions (e.g., the two individuals are closely spaced in the beam and therefore they exhibit a similar channel profile). This may cause the STA initiator to start a new sensing session in order to obtain an improved sensing estimate, whereas another STA responder acting as a TX may transmit an NDP which sees clear separation of objects in terms of channel profiles.
  • the methods disclosed herein may improve the sensing resolution to finer granularity in the face of ambiguity resulting from correlated CSI, RSS, and/or ToF sensing metrics. Having limited bandwidth or limited spatial coverage using beams may result in coarse sensing estimate. For example, within the same sector/beam coverage, the CSI, RSS, and/or ToF seen from the closely spaced objects (i.e., whose separation (d) in-between is less than c/2B, where c represents the speed of light and B represents the signal bandwidth), would be highly correlated. This may result in coarse sensing estimate. Coordination and orchestration of multiple STA responders to improve a sensing session that may be initiated by an independent STA, while ensuring that the existing or scheduled data transmission/reception of these STAs are efficiently managed requires some new mechanisms in the context of WiFi systems.
  • This disclosure includes methods for multi-STA assisted sensing, where a plurality of STAs participate in the sensing either sequentially or in a simultaneous manner for improving the sensing resolution (i.e., to improve the granularity of sensing).
  • the disclosed methods allow the sensing STA initiator to have an initial estimate of the sensing parameters, which may indicate coarse CSI, RSS, and/or ToF, as well as for improving the sensing resolution with finer granularity by coordination among a plurality of STA responders.
  • the embodiments disclosed herein may include signalling procedures between STAs for enabling coarse sensing measurements, where in the sensing session, the STA initiator, may be either a TX, RX, or both.
  • Methods for coordination among multiple STAs for improving the sensing resolution with a high granularity by leveraging the coarse sensing measurements obtained by the sensing initiator are disclosed. Further, enabling methods for coordination among multiple STAs in different scenarios, where STA initiator as well as STA responders may be a TX or RX or both, are disclosed.
  • a plurality of AP-STAs may participate in the sensing session either sequentially or in a parallel manner with the objective of improving the sensing resolution as well as discriminating the closely spaced objects.
  • the embodiments disclosed herein allow the sensing initiator (AP-STA) to identify the correlated objects (i.e., the objects that are located in shorter distance than the signals could distinguish from), using a plurality of sensing responders (i.e., other AP-STAs) acting as either a TX or RX.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram 300 for multi-AP sensing, according to an embodiment.
  • a sensing initiator STA may perform a sensing operation to identify objects and/or cluster of objects.
  • the sensing operation may comprise beam sweeping utilizing a predetermined angle of arrival and departure (AoA-AoD) pattern to identify the objects and/or clusters of objects in each AoA-AoD pair.
  • the objects and/or clusters of objects may include both animate and inanimate objects.
  • each cluster may have a single object or multiple objects.
  • the sensing operation may be based on the ToF, CSI profiling, etc.
  • the initiator may be a TX, RX, or both a TX and RX.
  • the sensing initiator is both a TX and RX
  • the initiator may be able to transmit a sounding NDP and also evaluate coarse estimate (e.g., location and/or AoA) based on the sensing measurements (e.g., ToF and/or CSI variations) on the reflected signal (e.g., PPDUs).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating non-trigger based (TB) sounding, according to an embodiment.
  • the STA initiator (TX) 410 may transmit an NDP announcement (NDPA) 401 followed by a sounding NDP 402.
  • the STA initiator (RX) 415 may provide sensing measurement(s) 403 to the STA initiator (TX) 410.
  • the sensing initiator may send a sounding NDP and trigger, while multiuser (MU) sensing responder feedback measurements (e.g., location and/or CSI variations) to the initiator.
  • the sensing initiator sends a trigger-based (TB) NDP frame, where the feedback type in the NDPA is set to the required sensing measurement type (e.g., CSI, ToF, AoA, TDOA, and/or RSSI) while the trigger frame allocates the resources for the uplink PPDU where the sensing measurements are fed-back.
  • the receiver address for the uplink PPDU is set to the sensing initiator address.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 of TB sounding, according to an embodiment.
  • a sensing initiator (TX) 510 transmits an NDPA 501 followed by a sounding NDP 502 and a sensing trigger 503.
  • a first sensing responder (RX) 515 and a second sensing responder (RX) 520 may provide sensing feedback 504 to the sensing initiator 510.
  • the sensing initiator may receive a sounding NDP from the sensing responder (TX) as well as the measurements from the other sensing responder (RXs).
  • the sensing responder (TX) sends the TB-NDP frame, wherein the sensing feedback type is indicated in the NDP feedback subfield, while receiver address for the uplink PPDU by the sensing responder (RX) is set to the sensing initiator (TX) address.
  • the sensing initiator may receive a sensing result from the STA responder acting as a processor which may be a sensing responder TX or a sensing responder RX.
  • the sensing responder may send TB-NDP with sensing feedback type in the feedback type subfield of the STA info field, while the uplink measurements PPDU is sent to the sensing responder TX or RX acting as processor.
  • the final sensing result may be sent to the sensing initiator through backhaul and/or fronthaul.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of the NDPA 600 that may be transmitted in the preceding figures, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 also illustrates the station (STA) Info Field 610 of the NDPA frame 600 containing feedback related information, according to an embodiment.
  • the STA Info Field 610 may include one or more of an AID 11 field 611, a partial bandwidth info field 612, a feedback (sensing and data) type and Ng field 613, a disambiguation field 614, a codebook size field 615, and a N c field 616.
  • the feedback type and Ng field 613 may comprise a feedback type such as CSI, required SNR, time of flight, and/or location.
  • the sensing initiator may discriminate multiple objects in the cluster using MU sensing responder(s).
  • the sensing initiator may send a probe request frame with PHY sensing capabilities information to all STAs.
  • the PHY sensing capabilities information may include, but is not limited to, whether the sensing responder is able to participate as a TX or RX, sensing bandwidth (i.e., the bandwidth required for that particular sensing session), sensing duration, TX power, AoA resolution (beam width), and/or field-of- view.
  • FIG. 7 is a capabilities element 700 that may be included in a probe request frame and/or a probe response frame, according to an embodiment.
  • the capabilities element 700 may comprise MAC capability information 710.
  • the MAC capability information 710 may comprise a MAC data capability information 711 and MAC sensing capability information 712.
  • the PHY capabilities information 720 may comprise PHY data capability information 721 and PHY sensing capability information 722.
  • the sensing initiator may receive a probe response from the sensing responders with sensing responder PHY sensing capabilities.
  • the sensing responders may check the transmission parameter requirements of the network (e.g., rate and/or BER) and also the PHY capabilities (e.g. resolution, bandwidth, AoA, SNR, and/or field-of-view) required for sensing and send a probe response frame indicating the PHY capabilities that the sensing responders have.
  • the network e.g., rate and/or BER
  • PHY capabilities e.g. resolution, bandwidth, AoA, SNR, and/or field-of-view
  • the PHY capabilities of the probe response frame may include, but is not limited to, whether the sensing responder is able to participate in the sensing session as a TX, RX, or both, or will not participate at the sensing session, sensing bandwidth, SNR it can provide, AoA resolution, CSI precision in terms of quantization, and/or field-of-view.
  • the sensing initiator uses PHY capabilities, identifies the sensing responders that acts as TXs and sensing responders that acts as RXs. The sensing initiator may then send a ACK.
  • the sensing initiator acts as an RX
  • the sensing initiator will send ACK to STA responders TXs.
  • the sensing initiator will send coarse sensing information (e.g., sector/beam indices of the sensing initiator and/or location).
  • the sensing initiator may send via wired or wireless backhaul.
  • the sensing initiator may send ACKs to all sensing responders (TX as well as RX).
  • the STA initiator may send coarse sensing information (e.g., sector/beam indices of the sensing initiator, location) of the cluster. This can be either using wired/wireless connections between the STAs.
  • the sensing responder (TX) may send a probe request to identify one or more sensing responders (RXs). After associating sensing responder (TX) with sensing responders (RXs), the sensing responder (TX) sends an NDP towards the coarse location (informed by sensing initiator as described above) using narrow beams to obtain additional measurement information to be used for channel decorrelation, while sensing responders (RXs) measure the CSI.
  • the sensing initiator may be a RX, a RX as well as a processor, a standalone, or a TX as well as a processor.
  • the sensing initiator may receive the NDP transmitted by the responder STA TX and feedbacks the sending measurements to the sensing processor.
  • the sensing initiator may receive the NDP transmitted by the responder STA TX as well as the sensing measurements from other STA responders RXs.
  • the sensing initiator may only receive the sensing result from the STA responder TX/RX acting as processor.
  • the sensing responder is a TX as well as a processor, the sensing initiator may also transmit NDP in that coarse location, while a plurality of sensing responders RXs feedbacks the sensing measurement to the sensing initiator.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram of a deployment scenario 800, according to an embodiment.
  • a sensing responder sends a non-TB NDP to a sensing initiator 801 , which acts as both a RX as well as a processor, and in turn the sensing initiator (RX/processor) 801 sends a sensing result to the sending responder 802.
  • the sensing responder (TX) 802 may send a non-TB NDP to MU sensing responders 803.
  • the MU sensing responders RXs 803 may send sensing measurements to the sensing initiator RX/processor 801 .
  • the sensing initiator RX/processor 801 and the MU sensing responders 803 may send acknowledgements to each other.
  • the MU sensing responders RXs 803 may send acknowledgements to the sensing responder 802.
  • FIG. 9 is a signal diagram 900 where a sensing initiator is both a RX and a processor, according to an embodiment.
  • the sensing responder (TX) 915 may send an NDPA/NDP 901 to a sensing initiator (RX/processor) 910.
  • the sensing initiator (RX/processor) 910 may send a sensing result 902 to the sensing responder (TX) 915.
  • the sensing responder (TX) 915 may send an NDPA/NDP 903 to MU sensing responders (RXs) 920 followed by a trigger frame 904.
  • the MU sensing responders (RXs) 803 may send sensing measurements 905 to the sensing initiator (RX/processor) 910.
  • FIG. 10 is a signal flow diagram 1000, illustrating signaling procedures between a sensing initiator and sensing responders, according to an embodiment.
  • the sensing initiator is acting as a RX as well as a processor.
  • the sensing initiator (RX/processor) 1015 may send a probe request to identify a sensing TX with PHY capabilities.
  • a sensing responder (TX) 1020 with PHY capabilities that support sensing may send a probe response to the sensing initiator (RX/processor) 1015.
  • the PHY capabilities comprise one or more of whether the sensing responder is able to participate as a TX or RX, sensing bandwidth (i.e., the bandwidth required for that particular sensing session), sensing duration, TX power, AoA resolution (beam width), and/or field-of-view.
  • the sensing initiator (RX/processor) 1015 may send an acknowledgement to the sensing responder (TX) 1020 at 1003.
  • the sensing responder (TX) 1020 may send a non-trigger based NDP to the sensing initiator (RX/processor) 1015.
  • the sensing initiator (RX/processor) 1015 may send to the sensing responder (TX) 1020 coarse sensing information and request for fine sensing using backhaul at 1005.
  • the coarse sensing information may comprise one or more of sector/beam indices of the sensing initiator, range, resolution, location, processed channel state information (CSI), raw CSI, and/or AoA.
  • the sensing responder (TX) may optionally send an ACK to the sensing initiator 1006.
  • the coarse sensing information may be used to determine whether a second, finer sensing session should be performed.
  • the sensing responder (TX) 1020 may send a probe request to identify a sensing RX with PHY capabilities.
  • MU sensing responders (RXs) may send a probe response with PHY capabilities that suDDort sensing.
  • the sensing responder (TX) 1020 may send an ACK and send coarse sensing information (backhaul) at 1009.
  • the sensing responder (TX) 1020 may send a trigger-based NDP, where RA is set to initiator address to MU sensing responders (RXs) 1025, at 1010.
  • the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1025 may send fine sensing measurements to the sensing initiator (RX/processor) 1015.
  • the fine sensing information may comprise one or more of location, AoA, CSI, signal to noise ratio (SNR), time of flight, and/or any processed sensing measurement information.
  • the sensing initiator (RX/processor) 1015 may send an ACK to MU sensing responders (RXs) 1025.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram 1100 of a deployment scenario where a sensing initiator is a RX only, according to an embodiment.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1102 may send a non-TB NDP to the sensing initiator (RX) 1101.
  • the sensing initiator (RX) 1101 may send a sensing result to the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1102.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1102 may send a TB-NDP to MU sensing responders (RXs) 1103.
  • the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1103 may send sensing measurements and acknowledgements to the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1102.
  • FIG. 12 is a signal diagram 1200 where a sensing initiator is a RX only, according to an embodiment.
  • the sensing responder 1215 which acts as both a TX and a processer may send a NDPA/NDP
  • the sensing initiator (RX) 1210 may send a sensing measurement
  • the sensing initiator (RX) 1210 may send a NDPA/NDP
  • the sensing initiator (RX) 1210 and the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1220 may send sensing measurements 1205 to the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1215.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1215 may send a sensing result 1206 to the sensing initiator (RX) 1210.
  • FIG. 13 is signal flow diagram 1300 illustrating signaling procedures between a sensing initiator and sensing responders, according to an embodiment.
  • the sensing initiator 1320 is acting as a RX only and a sensing responder 1325 acts as both a TX and a processor.
  • the sensing initiator (RX) 1320 may send a probe request to identify a sensing TX with PHY capabilities.
  • a sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 with PHY capabilities that support sensing may send a probe response to the sensing initiator (RX) 1320.
  • the sensing initiator (RX) 1320 may send an ACK to the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325.
  • the PHY capabilities comprise one or more of whether the sensing responder is able to participate as a TX or RX, sensing bandwidth (i.e., the bandwidth required for that particular sensing session), sensing duration, TX power, AoA resolution (beam width), and/or field-of-view.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 may then send a non-TB NDP to the sensing initiator (RX) 1320 at 1304.
  • the sensing initiator (RX) 1320 may send coarse sensing information to the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 may send coarse sensing information and request for fine sensing to the sensing initiator (RX) 1320.
  • the coarse sensing information may comprise one or more of sector/beam indices of the sensing initiator, range, resolution, location, processed channel state information (CSI), raw CSI, and/or AoA.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 may then send an ACK to the sensing initiator (RX) 1320 at 1307.
  • the coarse sensing information may be used to determine whether a second, finer sensing session should be performed.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 may send a probe request to identify sensing RX with PHY capabilities.
  • MU sensing responders (RXs) 1330 may send a probe response with PHY capabilities that supports sensing.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 may send an ACK and sense coarse sensing information (backhaul) to the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1330.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 may send a TB NDP to the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1330.
  • the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1330 may send fine sensing measurements to the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 at 1312.
  • the fine sensing information may comprise one or more of location, AoA, CSI, time of flight, and/or any processed sensing measurement information.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 may send an ACK to the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1330 at 1313.
  • the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 may send a fine sensing result to sensing initiator (RX) 1320.
  • the sensing initiator (RX) 1320 may send an ACK to the sensing responder (TX/processor) 1325 at 1315.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram 1400 of a deployment scenario where a sensing initiator 1401 may be a TX as well as a processor, according to an embodiment.
  • the sensing initiator 1401 (TX/processor) may send non-TB NDP to the sensing responder 1402.
  • the sensing responder 1402 may send sensing measurements to the sensing initiator 1401 (TX/processor).
  • the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1401 may then send a TB-NDP to MU sensing responders 1403.
  • the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1403 may send sensing measurements to the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1401 .
  • the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1403 may send acknowledgements to the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1401.
  • FIG. 15 is a signal diagram 1500 where a sensing initiator is a TX as well as a processor, according to an embodiment.
  • the STA initiator 1510 which acts as both a TX and a processor may send a NDPA/NDP 1501 to the STA responder (RX) 1515.
  • the STA responder (RX) 1515 may send a sensing measurement 1502 to the STA initiator (TX/processor) 1510.
  • the STA initiator (TX/processor) 1510 may send an NDPA/NDP 1503 to the STA responder (RX) 1515 followed by a trigger frame 1504.
  • the STA responder (RX) 1515 and MU STA responders (RXs) 1520 may send sensing measurements to 1505 to the STA initiator (TX/processor) 1510.
  • FIG. 16 is a signal flow diagram 1600 illustrating signaling procedures between a sensing initiator and sensing responders, where a sensing initiator is acting as a TX as well as processor, according to an embodiment.
  • the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1625 sends a probe request to identify STA RX with PHY capabilities to sensing responders (RXs) 1630.
  • the sensing responders (RXs) 1630 send a probe response with PHY capabilities that supports sensing 1602.
  • the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1625 sends an ACK to the sensing responders (RXs) 1630 at 1603.
  • the PHY capabilities comprise one or more of whether the sensing responder is able to participate as a TX or RX, sensing bandwidth (i.e., the bandwidth required for that particular sensing session), sensing duration, TX power, AoA resolution (beam width), and/or field-of-view.
  • the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1625 may send a non-TB NDP to the sensing responders (RXs) 1630.
  • the sending responders (RXs) 1630 may then send coarse sensing information using backhaul at 1605.
  • the coarse sensing information may comprise one or more of sector/beam indices of the sensing initiator, range, resolution, location, processed channel state information (CSI), raw CSI, and/or AoA. In some embodiments, the coarse sensing information may be used to determine whether a second, finer sensing session should be performed.
  • the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1625 may send a probe request to identify a sensing RX with PHY capabilities.
  • MU sensing responders (RXs) 1620 may send a probe response with PHY capabilities that support sensing.
  • the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1625 may send an ACK and coarse sensing information to MU sensing responders using backhaul.
  • the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1625 may then send a TB NDP where TA is set to initiator address to MU sensing responders (RXs) 1620 at 1609.
  • the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1620 may then send fine sensing measurements to the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1625 at 1610.
  • the fine sensing information may comprise one or more of location, AoA, CSI, time of flight, and/or any processed sensing measurement information.
  • the sensing initiator (TX/processor) 1625 may then send an ACK to the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1620 at 1611.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram of a deployment scenario 1700 where a STA initiator is a TX only, according to an embodiment.
  • the sensing initiator (TX) 1701 may send a non-TB NDP to a sensing responder which acts as a RX as well as a processor.
  • the sensing responder (RX/processor) 1702 may send a sensing result to the sensing initiator (TX) 1701.
  • the sensing initiator (TX) 1701 may send a TB-NDP to MU sensing responders (RXs) 1703.
  • the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1703 may send sensing measurements to the sensing responder 1702.
  • the sensing responder (RX/processor) 1702 and the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1703 may send acknowledgements to each other.
  • 1703 may also send acknowledgements to each other.
  • FIG. 18 is a signal diagram 1800 where a STA initiator is a TX only, according to an embodiment.
  • the STA initiator (TX) 1810 transmits a non-TB NDP/NDPA 1801.
  • the STA responder 1815 which acts as both a RX and processor, receives the NDPA 1801 and feeds back a sensing result 1803 to the STA initiator (TX) 1810.
  • the STA initiator (TX) may then send a NDPA/NDP 1803 to MU STA responders (RXs) 1820 followed by a trigger frame 1804.
  • the MU STA responders (RXs) 1820 may send a sensing measurement 1805 to the STA responder 1825 and a sensing result 1806 to the STA initiator (TX) 1810.
  • FIG. 19 is a signal flow diagram 1900 illustrating signaling procedures between a sensing initiator and sensing responders, where the sensing initiator is acting as a TX only and the sensing responders each act as both a RX and a processor, according to an embodiment.
  • the sensing initiator (TX) 1925 sends a probe request to identify one or more sensing RXs with PHY capabilities to at least one sensing responder (RX/processor) 1930.
  • the at least one sensing responder (RX/processor) 1930 then sends a probe response with PHY capabilities that support sensing to sensing initiator (TX) 1925 at 1902.
  • the PHY capabilities comprise one or more of whether the sensing responder is able to participate as a TX or RX, sensing bandwidth (i.e., the bandwidth required for that particular sensing session), sensing duration, TX power, AoA resolution (beam width), and/or field-of-view.
  • the sensing initiator (TX) 1925 may then send an ACK to the at least one sensing responder (RX/processor) 1930 at 1903.
  • the sensing initiator (TX) 1925 may then send a non-trigger based to the at least one sensing responder (RX/processor) 1930 at 1904.
  • the at least one sensing responder (RX/processor) 1930 may then send coarse sensing information to the sensing initiator (TX) 1925.
  • the coarse sensing information may comprise one or more of sector/beam indices of the sensing initiator, range, resolution, location, processed channel state information (CSI), raw CSI, and/or AoA.
  • the coarse sensing information may be used to determine whether a second, finer sensing session should be performed.
  • the sensing initiator (TX) 1925 may send a probe request to identify sensing RX with PHY capabilities to MU sensing responders (RXs) 1920.
  • MU sensing responders (RXs) 1920 may send a probe response with PHY capabilities that supports sensing to the sensing initiator (TX) 1925.
  • the sensing initiator (TX) 1925 may send an ACK and coarse sensing information (backhaul) to the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1920 at 1908.
  • the sensing initiator (TX) 1925 may then send a TB NDP, where RA is set to responder RX processor address at 1909.
  • the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1920 may send fine sensing measurements (e.g., location, AoA, and/or CSI) to the at least one sensing responder (RX/processor) 1930.
  • the at least one sensing responder (RX/processor) 1930 may send an ACK to the MU sensing responders (RXs) 1920.
  • the at least one sensing responder (RX/processor 1930 may send fine sensing result to the sensing initiator (TX) 1925.
  • the fine sensing information may comprise one or more of location, AoA, CSI, time of flight, and/or any processed sensing measurement information.
  • the sensing initiator (TX) 1925 may then send an ACK to the at least one sensing responder (RX/processor) 1930 at 1913.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des dispositifs et des procédés qui prennent en charge une détection en deux étapes. Une station (STA) conforme à l'invention peut comprendre un émetteur (TX) et un récepteur (RX). Le récepteur peut recevoir, d'une STA initiatrice, une première demande de sondage comprenant des capacités de couche physique (PHY) associées à une première détection. L'émetteur peut transmettre, à la STA initiatrice, un NDP non basé sur déclencheur. Le récepteur peut ensuite recevoir, de la STA initiatrice, des premières informations de détection basées sur le NDP non basé sur déclencheur et une indication du fait que la STA initiatrice demande une seconde détection. Puis l'émetteur peut transmettre, à une pluralité de STA de détection multiutilisateur (MU), une seconde demande de sondage, la seconde demande de sondage comprenant des capacités de couche PHY associées à la seconde détection. L'émetteur peut ensuite transmettre, à la pluralité de STA de détection MU, un NDP basé sur déclencheur pour permettre à la pluralité de STA de détection MU d'effectuer la seconde détection sur la base du NDP basé sur déclencheur.
PCT/US2022/036220 2021-07-06 2022-07-06 Procédé et procédures pour une détection à haute granularité adaptative au moyen d'une coordination de multiples stations Ceased WO2023283240A1 (fr)

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