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WO2022148493A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour broyer une batterie d'alimentation usagée en utilisant une explosion contrôlée - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour broyer une batterie d'alimentation usagée en utilisant une explosion contrôlée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022148493A1
WO2022148493A1 PCT/CN2022/076486 CN2022076486W WO2022148493A1 WO 2022148493 A1 WO2022148493 A1 WO 2022148493A1 CN 2022076486 W CN2022076486 W CN 2022076486W WO 2022148493 A1 WO2022148493 A1 WO 2022148493A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosion
crushing
controllable
battery
power battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/076486
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐政和
姜峰
卢周广
彭超
刘振达
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Southern University of Science and Technology
Original Assignee
Southern University of Science and Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Southern University of Science and Technology filed Critical Southern University of Science and Technology
Publication of WO2022148493A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022148493A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of waste power battery recycling, in particular to a method and a device for controllable explosion and crushing of waste power batteries.
  • lithium-ion batteries Due to the advantages of high energy, small size, light weight, long life and low pollution, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in electric vehicles, digital products, aerospace and other fields. In recent years, with the explosive growth of electric vehicles, the demand and scrapping of lithium-ion batteries have increased significantly. Waste power batteries contain a lot of available resources, such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, iron, copper, aluminum and other valuable metals, as well as organic solvents such as electrolytes. Improper recycling and disposal of used power batteries will cause great environmental pollution and waste of resources. Effective recovery of valuable components in waste power batteries can not only alleviate the shortage of metal resources to a certain extent, but also reduce the pollution caused by waste power batteries to the environment.
  • the mainstream processes for recycling waste power batteries at home and abroad can be divided into two types: fire method and wet method.
  • the pyro-recycling process has not been adopted on a large scale due to the disadvantages of high energy consumption, low added value of products, ineffective recovery of lithium elements, and generation of dioxin smoke and dust to pollute the environment.
  • wet recovery technology has been applied in industrial production due to the advantages of flexible process, low energy consumption and high added value of products.
  • the wet recycling process requires pretreatment to prepare high-quality waste electrode materials as raw materials, in order to achieve efficient recycling of waste power batteries.
  • the existing pretreatment process includes multiple steps such as discharge, dismantling, multi-stage crushing and physical sorting.
  • the discharge technology is mainly based on salt water discharge.
  • the discharge cycle is long, and the electrolyte is easy to leak, causing water pollution.
  • the multi-stage crushing process also poses a safety hazard due to the flammable and explosive batteries, the environmental pollution caused by the volatilization of the electrolyte, and the low adaptability of the crushing equipment to the type and size of the battery, and the multi-stage crushing leads to high energy consumption.
  • the crushing efficiency directly affects the physical sorting process.
  • the presence of the binder and the incomplete peeling of each component lead to low sorting accuracy and low copper and aluminum recovery efficiency.
  • the quality of the positive and negative mixed powder obtained in the pretreatment process directly affects the complexity of the subsequent wet recovery process and the added value of the product.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for controllable explosion and crushing of waste power batteries, aiming to solve the problems of low crushing efficiency, low safety factor and electrolyte leakage in the existing waste power battery crushing methods. Pollution of the environment, low adaptability of crushing equipment to battery types and sizes, and high energy consumption for crushing.
  • a device for controllable explosion and crushing of waste power batteries which includes an explosion tank for placing waste power batteries and auxiliary fuels, an exhaust gas absorption tower communicated with the explosion tank through a pipeline, and an exhaust gas absorption tower located under the explosion tank and used for A heating device for heating the explosive canister or a detonating device located below the explosive canister and used for detonating the explosive canister.
  • the device for controllable explosion and crushing of used power batteries wherein the explosion tank includes an explosion tank shell, an explosion tank cover arranged on the explosion tank shell; an air inlet is provided on the explosion tank shell and an exhaust port, and a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are also arranged in the explosion tank.
  • the device for controllable explosion and crushing of used power batteries further includes a control device, which is electrically connected to the heating device; the control device is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor, respectively.
  • a visualization window is arranged on the explosion tank cover; and a sieve plate is arranged on the exhaust port.
  • a method for controllable explosion and crushing waste power battery of a device for controllable explosion crushing waste power battery which comprises the steps:
  • the used power batteries include one or more of cylindrical lithium ion batteries, square shell batteries, and soft pack batteries.
  • auxiliary fuel is one or more of explosives, pulverized coal, natural gas or coal gas.
  • the amount of the auxiliary fuel is 0.1-0.6 kg/m 3 .
  • the method for the controllable explosion and crushing waste power battery wherein, it also includes the steps:
  • the explosive exhaust gas is discharged into the exhaust gas absorption tower through the exhaust port, and the explosive exhaust gas is absorbed through condensation, photocatalysis or/and washing liquid.
  • the method for the controllable explosion and crushing waste power battery wherein, it also includes the steps:
  • the solid mixture is sieved with a 50-100 mesh oscillating sieve, the sieved solid mixture is directly used for subsequent multi-component separation, and the unscreened solid is the power battery shell and current collector, which realizes the shell, Efficient separation of current collectors and active materials.
  • the present invention adopts controllable explosion to crush the waste power battery, does not need to discharge the waste power battery, can be directly charged and crushed, simplifies the technological process, and makes full use of the residual energy of the battery.
  • the energy consumption required for crushing is saved, and the solid product obtained by one explosion can be directly used for sorting, which provides high-quality raw materials for the subsequent sorting process; due to the high temperature generated by the explosion, the organic components such as electrolyte and binder are eliminated.
  • the crushed product has good dispersibility, which is conducive to the subsequent separation; the explosive waste gas generated by the explosion is absorbed and purified by the tail gas absorption tower device, which realizes the centralized treatment of the electrolyte and reduces the waste gas in the conventional multi-stage crushing process.
  • Environmental pollution; the method has wide adaptability to the types and sizes of used power batteries.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a device for controllable explosion and crushing of used power batteries according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a first flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a method for controllable explosion and crushing of used power batteries according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a second flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a method for controllable explosion and crushing of used power batteries according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method and device for controllable explosion and crushing of used power batteries.
  • the present invention will be described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a device for controllable explosion and crushing of waste power batteries provided by the present invention. As shown in the figure, it includes an explosion tank for placing waste power batteries and auxiliary fuel. 10, the exhaust gas absorption tower 20 communicated with the explosion tank 10 through a pipeline, and the heating device 30 located below the explosion tank 10 and used for heating the explosion tank 10 or located below the explosion tank 10 and used A detonating device for detonating the explosive canister.
  • the waste power battery and auxiliary fuel are placed in the explosion tank 10, the explosive in the explosion tank 10 is detonated by the heating device or the detonating device, and the explosion of the explosive causes the waste power
  • the battery explodes
  • the spent power battery is exploded to obtain solid explosive products, and at the same time, explosive exhaust gas is generated, and the explosive exhaust gas can be recovered through the exhaust gas absorption tower 20 .
  • the explosion of the power battery is caused by detonating explosives, so as to realize the crushing of the waste power battery, and the waste power battery does not need to be discharged.
  • the energy consumption required for crushing is saved, and the solid product obtained by one explosion can be directly used for sorting, providing high-quality raw materials for the subsequent sorting process; the generated explosion tail gas is absorbed and purified by the tail gas absorption tower device, reducing the crushing rate.
  • Environmental pollution from process explosion exhaust gas Compared with other methods of electrified crushing, this embodiment avoids the danger of fire and explosion in other electrified crushing processes, effectively improves safety, and realizes centralized treatment of electrolyte.
  • the explosion canister 10 includes an explosion canister shell 11 , and an explosion canister cover 12 disposed on the explosion canister shell 11 ; the explosion canister shell 11 is provided with A temperature sensor 15 and a pressure sensor 16 are also provided in the explosion tank body 11 for the air inlet 13 and the exhaust port 14 .
  • the explosion tank cover 12 by opening the explosion tank cover 12, the waste power battery and auxiliary fuel pulverized coal are put into the explosion tank shell 11; A suitable gas is introduced into the body 11 to control the air pressure and atmosphere in the shell of the explosion canister; the pulverized coal in the explosion canister 10 is detonated by the detonator, and the explosion of the pulverized coal causes the explosion of the used power battery.
  • the temperature in the shell of the explosion tank can be acquired in real time through the temperature sensor 15, and the air pressure in the shell of the explosion tank can be acquired in real time through the pressure sensor 16;
  • the explosion tail gas generated by the explosion is discharged into the tail gas absorption tower 20 for recovery processing; by opening the explosion tank cover 12, the exploded and crushed solid mixture is taken out for subsequent sieving and separation.
  • a control device 40 is further included, and the control device 40 is electrically connected to the heating device 30 ; the control device 40 is also electrically connected to the temperature sensor 15 and the pressure sensor 16 respectively. connect.
  • the heating temperature and heating time of the heating device 30 can be controlled by the control device 40, so that the detonation and explosion of the waste power battery can be realized by means of electric heating.
  • the control device can also receive and display the temperature data sent by the temperature sensor and the pressure data sent by the pressure sensor.
  • the explosion tank cover 12 is provided with a visualization window 17
  • the exhaust port 14 is provided with a sieve plate.
  • the state before and after the explosion and the explosion process in the explosion tank shell can be observed through the visualization window 17; powder, so as to realize the solid-gas separation of the explosive product, the explosive solid product is directly used for subsequent screening and physical separation, and the explosive tail gas is discharged into the tail gas absorption tower 20 for recycling.
  • FIG. 2 there is also provided a method for blasting and smashing waste power batteries based on the device, as shown in FIG. 2 , which includes the steps:
  • the waste power battery is first disassembled into battery cells (cells), which do not need to be discharged; then the battery cells and auxiliary fuel are put into an explosion tank, and the Gas is introduced through the air inlet to control the atmosphere in the explosion tank; finally, the battery cell is exploded by heating and detonating the self-explosion of the battery cell or by detonating the auxiliary fuel, so that the battery cell is exploded and broken, and the broken body is obtained.
  • the solid mixture produces explosive exhaust gas to complete the explosion and fragmentation of the waste power battery.
  • the waste power battery is crushed by the controlled explosion method, and there is no need to discharge the waste power battery.
  • the characteristics of the explosion and the stored energy save the energy consumption required for crushing, and the solid product obtained from one explosion can be directly used for sorting, providing high-quality raw materials for the subsequent sorting process; the generated explosion tail gas is absorbed by the tail gas.
  • the tower device is used for absorption and purification, which reduces the environmental pollution caused by the explosion exhaust gas during the crushing process. Compared with other methods of electrified crushing, this embodiment avoids the danger of fire and explosion in other electrified crushing processes, and the safety is effectively improved.
  • the used power battery includes one or more of cylindrical lithium-ion battery, square shell battery, and soft pack battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the auxiliary fuel is one or more of explosives, pulverized coal, natural gas or coal gas, but is not limited thereto.
  • the amount of the auxiliary fuel is 0.1-0.6 kg/m 3 , but not limited thereto.
  • the explosive exhaust gas is discharged into the exhaust gas absorption tower through the exhaust port, and the explosive exhaust gas is absorbed through condensation, photocatalysis or/and washing liquid.
  • the explosion exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust hole through the air duct and enters the explosion exhaust gas absorption tower, where it is absorbed by the washing liquid to avoid polluting the environment.
  • the tail gas absorption tower is one of a packed tower, a spray tower or an absorption tower, but is not limited thereto.
  • the tail gas absorption tower includes a multi-stage condensation part, a photocatalytic part and a washing liquid part, and the explosion tail gas first enters the multi-stage condensation part under the state of positive pressure in the explosion tank, and recovers part of the high-boiling organic waste gas ;
  • the explosive exhaust gas that cannot be recovered through the multi-stage condensation part enters the photocatalytic part, and this part of the organic waste gas is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water that are harmless to the environment, and finally absorbs the soluble exhaust gas through the washing liquid part, realizing the harmlessness of the explosive exhaust gas. processing.
  • the solid mixture is sieved with a 50-100 mesh oscillating sieve, the sieved solid mixture is directly used for subsequent multi-component separation, and the unscreened solid is the power battery shell and current collector, which realizes the shell, Efficient separation of current collectors and active materials.
  • the solid mixture obtained after the explosion is copper, iron, aluminum and mixed powder of positive and negative electrodes, and the generated explosion exhaust gas is organic and other waste gas.
  • the present invention uses a controllable explosion method to smash the waste power battery and recover the organic explosion tail gas, which has the advantages of short process, low energy consumption and high efficiency, and provides a new method for the safe and efficient crushing of the waste power battery.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention avoids the process of discharging the battery in the traditional process, significantly shortens the process flow, and saves the discharge time (more than 24h); The danger of fire and explosion in other electrified crushing processes is eliminated, the residual energy of the waste battery is fully utilized, and the safety is effectively improved; the invention adopts the controllable explosion method to crush the waste lithium-ion battery into powder.
  • Multi-stage crushing such as crushing and fine crushing
  • the present invention can obtain solid powder in only one step, significantly shortens the crushing process, and reduces energy consumption; the control of the explosion environment by the present invention can effectively control the performance of the explosive products, and provide high-quality raw materials for subsequent sorting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour broyer une batterie d'alimentation usagée en utilisant une explosion contrôlée. Le procédé consiste à : démonter une batterie d'alimentation usagée en cellules de batterie ; mettre des éléments de batterie et un combustible auxiliaire dans une cuve d'explosion (10), et réguler l'atmosphère de la cuve d'explosion (10) ; faire exploser les éléments de batterie au moyen d'un chauffage, ou enflammer le combustible auxiliaire pour amener les cellules de batterie à exploser, de manière à obtenir un mélange solide broyé et un gaz d'échappement d'explosion, ce qui permet d'effectuer le broyage de la batterie d'alimentation usagée en utilisant une explosion. Avec le présent procédé, une batterie d'alimentation usagée est broyée au moyen d'un procédé d'explosion. La batterie d'alimentation usagée n'a pas besoin d'être déchargée, et peut être directement broyée alors qu'elle est chargée, ce qui permet de simplifier le flux de traitement, d'utiliser pleinement l'énergie résiduelle de la batterie, et de réduire la consommation d'énergie requise par le processus de broyage. De plus, une grande quantité de produits solides obtenus à partir d'une explosion peut être directement utilisée pour le tri, ce qui permet d'obtenir des matières premières de haute qualité pour des processus de tri ultérieurs. Le gaz d'échappement d'explosion dégagé est absorbé et purifié au moyen d'un dispositif de tour d'absorption de gaz d'échappement, de telle sorte que la pollution environnementale par les effluents gazeux pendant le processus de broyage est réduite.
PCT/CN2022/076486 2021-01-06 2022-02-16 Procédé et dispositif pour broyer une batterie d'alimentation usagée en utilisant une explosion contrôlée Ceased WO2022148493A1 (fr)

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CN202110010496.0A CN112317520B (zh) 2021-01-06 2021-01-06 一种可控爆炸破碎废旧动力电池的方法及装置
CN202110010496.0 2021-01-06

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112317520B (zh) * 2021-01-06 2021-05-07 南方科技大学 一种可控爆炸破碎废旧动力电池的方法及装置
CN115621593A (zh) * 2022-09-05 2023-01-17 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 电池包拆解方法及设备

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001340783A (ja) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-11 Inano Tekko Sangyo Kk 爆轟装置及び廃棄物の資源化処理方法
CN101438123A (zh) * 2006-03-16 2009-05-20 奥尔康工程公司 炸药填充物的销毁方法和装置
WO2012110374A1 (fr) * 2011-02-14 2012-08-23 Astrium Sas Procédé pour la destruction de déchets explosifs par explosion et système de détonation correspondant
CN109856185A (zh) * 2019-03-26 2019-06-07 中国民用航空飞行学院 一种可变气体成分锂电池燃爆实验室
CN111389876A (zh) * 2020-04-16 2020-07-10 泰鑫高科(北京)技术有限公司 一种用于电子芯片销毁的微爆装置
CN112317520A (zh) * 2021-01-06 2021-02-05 南方科技大学 一种可控爆炸破碎废旧动力电池的方法及装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001340783A (ja) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-11 Inano Tekko Sangyo Kk 爆轟装置及び廃棄物の資源化処理方法
CN101438123A (zh) * 2006-03-16 2009-05-20 奥尔康工程公司 炸药填充物的销毁方法和装置
WO2012110374A1 (fr) * 2011-02-14 2012-08-23 Astrium Sas Procédé pour la destruction de déchets explosifs par explosion et système de détonation correspondant
CN109856185A (zh) * 2019-03-26 2019-06-07 中国民用航空飞行学院 一种可变气体成分锂电池燃爆实验室
CN111389876A (zh) * 2020-04-16 2020-07-10 泰鑫高科(北京)技术有限公司 一种用于电子芯片销毁的微爆装置
CN112317520A (zh) * 2021-01-06 2021-02-05 南方科技大学 一种可控爆炸破碎废旧动力电池的方法及装置

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