WO2015099086A1 - フェノール樹脂発泡体 - Google Patents
フェノール樹脂発泡体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015099086A1 WO2015099086A1 PCT/JP2014/084404 JP2014084404W WO2015099086A1 WO 2015099086 A1 WO2015099086 A1 WO 2015099086A1 JP 2014084404 W JP2014084404 W JP 2014084404W WO 2015099086 A1 WO2015099086 A1 WO 2015099086A1
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- Prior art keywords
- phenol resin
- resin foam
- mol
- hydrocarbon
- carbon atoms
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a phenol resin foam.
- heat insulating materials for residential use fiber-based heat insulating materials such as glass wool and rock wool, or foamed plastic heat insulating materials obtained by foaming styrene, urethane, and phenol resin are used.
- fiber-based heat insulating materials such as glass wool and rock wool, or foamed plastic heat insulating materials obtained by foaming styrene, urethane, and phenol resin are used.
- foamed plastic heat insulating materials obtained by foaming styrene, urethane, and phenol resin are used.
- the heat insulation performance of the foamed plastic heat insulating material is greatly influenced by the type and state of the foaming agent contained in the bubbles.
- chlorofluorocarbon which has a low thermal conductivity of gas
- CFC chlorofluorocarbon
- the Montreal Protocol provided for abolition of use.
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- HFCs still have a high global warming potential, conversion of blowing agents to hydrocarbons has been required.
- Hydrocarbon foaming agents have a very low ozone depletion coefficient and global warming potential as described above, and are very excellent from the viewpoint of environmental destruction. On the other hand, compared with conventional chlorofluorocarbon foaming agents, There is a problem of high thermal conductivity and flammability, and there is a need to solve this problem.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose many gas types as halogenated hydroolefins having an ozone depletion coefficient of zero and a low global warming coefficient.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 only describe specific examples applied to polyurethane resin foams or polyisocyanurate resin foams as foaming agents, and examples of application to phenolic resin foams are described. It has not been. The aforementioned techniques are not optimized for phenolic resin foam applications, and the initial K-factor of the resulting foam is insufficient when used in phenolic resins.
- Patent Document 1 many halogenated hydroolefins are disclosed.
- 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene is characterized by extremely low ozone depletion potential and global warming potential.
- the boiling point of the same substance is relatively high at 19 ° C.
- the foaming agent is liquefied in a low temperature region such as 10 ° C. and the thermal conductivity is deteriorated.
- the change over time in the thermal conductivity of the phenolic resin foam is not disclosed, the above 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene has a high affinity with the phenolic resin, so when used alone. It is estimated that the change in thermal conductivity with time increases because the closed cell ratio decreases and the diffusion rate of the foaming agent to the outside of the foam increases. Since the halogenated hydroolefin is very expensive, the single use has few economic advantages.
- 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is characterized by extremely low ozone depletion potential and global warming potential.
- the boiling point of the same material is relatively low at ⁇ 19 ° C.
- foaming during molding is abrupt, resulting in a decrease in closed cell ratio and deterioration of thermal conductivity, and the foaming agent easily evaporates during molding. Therefore, there is a problem that many foaming agents are required.
- the change over time in the thermal conductivity of the phenolic resin foam is not disclosed, the above 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene has high affinity with the phenolic resin, so it is independent when used alone. It is presumed that the change in thermal conductivity with time increases because the reduction of the bubble rate and the diffusion rate of the foaming agent to the outside of the foam are expected to increase.
- 1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2-butene is characterized by extremely low ozone depletion potential and global warming potential.
- the boiling point of the same substance is relatively high at 33 ° C.
- the thermal conductivity is deteriorated in a low temperature region such as 10 ° C.
- the 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene has a high affinity with the phenol resin, so It is presumed that the change in the thermal conductivity with time is increased because it is expected that the closed cell ratio decreases and the diffusion rate of the foaming agent to the outside of the foam increases.
- the present invention minimizes environmental burden by using a foaming agent having an ozone depletion potential of substantially zero and an extremely low global warming potential, and can maintain excellent heat insulation performance over a long period of time.
- An object is to provide a phenolic resin foam.
- the present inventors have blended a halogenated hydroolefin and a hydrocarbon in a specific ratio, and set the amount of the foaming agent present in the foam within a specific range. As a result, it was found that the initial thermal insulation performance was excellent and low thermal conductivity could be maintained over a long period of time, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [23].
- the total of the olefin content is 0.23 to 0.90 mol
- the content of hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms is 0.03 to 0.85 mol
- the content of halogenated hydroolefin is 0.
- the halogenated hydroolefin is 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro.
- the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms is selected from hydrocarbons having a total of 60 to 100 mol% of pentane and / or pentene, and a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C.
- the phenol resin foam according to [7], wherein one or two or more of the hydrocarbons having 0 to 40 mol% and a hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms has an average boiling point of 0 to 50 ° C.
- the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms is selected from hydrocarbons having a total of 40 to 100 mol% of pentane and / or pentene, and a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C.
- the phenolic resin foam according to [12] wherein one or two or more of them are contained in an amount of 0 to 60 mol%, and a hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms has an average boiling point of 10 to 50 ° C.
- the phenol resin foam according to [13] wherein the hydrocarbon having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C. contains isobutane.
- the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms is selected from hydrocarbons having a total of 5 to 100 mol% of pentane and / or pentene, and a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C.
- the phenol resin foam according to [17] wherein one or two or more of the hydrocarbons containing 0 to 95 mol% and the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms has an average boiling point of -10 ° C or higher and 50 ° C or lower.
- the phenol resin foam according to [18] wherein the hydrocarbon having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C. contains isobutane.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a phenol resin foam that is excellent in initial heat insulation performance and can maintain a low thermal conductivity over a long period of time.
- the present invention is also economically advantageous compared to the case where a very expensive halogenated hydroolefin is used alone.
- the present embodiment a mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
- the phenol resin foam of this embodiment comprises a phenol resin, a hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms, and at least one halogenated hydroolefin selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoroolefins and hydrochlorofluoroolefins. contains.
- the density of the phenol resin foam is a phenol resin foam of 10 kg / m 3 or more and 150 kg / m 3 or less.
- the total of the content of hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms and the content of halogenated hydroolefin per space volume of 22.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 m 3 in the phenol resin foam is 0.23 to 0.90 mol.
- the content of hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms is 0.03 to 0.85 mol
- the content of halogenated hydroolefin is 0.05 to 0.85 mol.
- the phenol resin foam of this embodiment contains at least one halogenated hydroolefin selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoroolefins and hydrochlorofluoroolefins. Since the halogenated hydroolefin has a high affinity with the phenol resin, when used alone as a foaming agent, the viscosity of the resin at the time of foaming may be reduced and a sufficient closed cell structure may not be formed. For this reason, the diffusion rate of the foaming agent to the outside of the foam is high, and there is a problem that the thermal conductivity after a long period of time after the construction is significantly deteriorated as compared with that immediately after the construction.
- Hydrofluoroolefin is a compound having a hydrogen atom and a fluorine atom bonded to a carbon atom and having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
- the hydrochlorofluoroolefin is a compound having a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom bonded to a carbon atom and having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
- Examples of at least one halogenated hydroolefin selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoroolefin and hydrochlorofluoroolefin according to this embodiment include 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,3 , 3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene.
- the halogenated hydroolefins among others, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene or 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro- 2-butene is preferred.
- These halogenated hydroolefins may be used alone, or may be used in combination of two or more kinds, and further may be used by adding other saturated halogenated hydroolefins.
- the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms in the present embodiment is a compound composed of only hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms.
- the total (total amount) of the content of hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms and the content of halogenated hydroolefin in the phenol resin foam of the present embodiment is 22.4 ⁇ 10 space volume in the phenol resin foam.
- Per 3 m 3 (22.4 L) it is 0.23 to 0.90 mol, preferably 0.25 to 0.90 mol, more preferably 0.3 to 0.80 mol, still more preferably 0.35.
- the content of the halogenated hydroolefin is more than 0.85 mol as described above, the viscosity of the phenol resin at the time of foaming is lowered due to plasticization of the resin due to the high affinity between the halogenated hydroolefin and the phenol resin. As a result, there is a concern that the cell membrane of the phenol resin foam is broken, a sufficient closed cell structure cannot be formed, and the long-term heat insulation performance is lowered.
- the content of hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms is 0.03 to about 22.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 m 3 (22.4 L) of the space volume in the phenol resin foam. 0.85 mol, preferably 0.05 to 0.85 mol, more preferably 0.05 to 0.8 mol, still more preferably 0.05 to 0.7 mol, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 0. 0.6 mol, most preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mol. If the content of hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms is less than 0.03 mol, the phenol resin plasticization by the halogenated hydroolefin cannot be suppressed, and the viscosity of the phenol resin at the time of foaming is lowered.
- the phenol resin foam of this embodiment preferably contains pentane and / or pentene (hereinafter sometimes referred to as pentanes) as a hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms.
- the pentane includes normal pentane, isopentane, neopentane, cyclopentane and the like.
- the pentane used is not particularly limited, but cyclopentane and isopentane are preferably used, and cyclopentane is particularly preferably used depending on the thermal conductivity in the gas state, foamability, boiling point, and the like.
- These pentanes may be used independently, may be used combining two or more types of gas, and other hydrocarbons may be further mixed.
- the boiling point average value X1 of the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms and the halogenated hydroolefin may be -15 ° C to 48 ° C.
- the average boiling point X1 with trifluoropropene may be 15 ° C. to 45 ° C., preferably 15 ° C. to 40 ° C., more preferably 19.5 ° C. to 37 ° C.
- the average boiling point value X1 may be -15 ° C to 45 ° C, preferably -5 ° C to 40 ° C, more preferably 0 ° C to 30 ° C.
- 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is used as the halogenated hydroolefin
- hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms and 1,1,1 The average boiling point X1 of 1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene may be 0 ° C. to 48 ° C., preferably 5 ° C. to 40 ° C., more preferably 10 ° C. to 35 ° C.
- the boiling point average value X of a plurality of substances of the present embodiment can be obtained by the following formula (1).
- Boiling point average value X a ⁇ Ta + b ⁇ Tb + c ⁇ Tc + (1) (In the above formula (1), the contents of the target substances (A, B, C,%) Are a, b, c,... (Molar fraction), and the boiling points are Ta, Tb, Tc,. ° C).)
- the phenol resin foam in the present embodiment preferably has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.0205 W / m ⁇ k, more preferably 0.0190 W / m, measured in a 10 ° C. and 23 ° C. environment described later. It is less than m ⁇ k, more preferably less than 0.0185 W / m ⁇ k, particularly preferably less than 0.0180 W / m ⁇ k, and most preferably less than 0.0175 W / m ⁇ k.
- the thermal conductivity of a heat insulating material tends to be lower as the temperature is lower. The thermal conductivity measured under an environment of 10 ° C.
- the thermal conductivity of the phenol resin foam in a 10 ° C environment after standing for 14 days in an atmosphere of 110 ° C which is a thermal conductivity after an accelerated test corresponding to long-term use, is 0.020 W / m ⁇ It is preferably less than k, more preferably less than 0.019 W / m ⁇ k, even more preferably less than 0.018 W / m ⁇ k, and less than 0.0175 W / m ⁇ k. Particularly preferred.
- the thermal conductivity in a 10 ° C. environment after being left in a 110 ° C. atmosphere for 14 days is measured according to a thermal conductivity measurement method after an acceleration test described later.
- the closed cell ratio of the phenolic resin foam in the present embodiment is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and particularly preferably 97% or more and 100% or less, because a decrease in the heat insulation performance with time tends to occur when the phenol resin foam is low.
- the phenol resin foam in this embodiment may have large-diameter holes called voids partially. If the void area ratio is too large, the initial heat insulation performance tends to deteriorate, and the heat insulation performance tends to decrease with time.
- the void area ratio is preferably 0.2% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, further preferably 0.08% or less, and particularly preferably 0.05% or less. If the void area ratio becomes too large, heat flows from the void portion, so that the thermal conductivity increases and structural defects occur starting from the voids, and the compressive strength tends to decrease.
- a large-diameter hole having an area of 2 mm 2 or more is defined as a void.
- the void area ratio is measured according to the measurement method described in Japanese Patent No. 3813062. That is, the area occupied by large-diameter holes (voids) having an area of 2 mm 2 or more in the cut surface obtained by cutting the substantially central portion in the thickness direction of the phenol resin foam in parallel with the front and back surfaces (two main surfaces facing each other). Is defined as the void area ratio.
- the phenol resin foam in the present embodiment contains hydrocarbons having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C. as hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms other than pentanes, and further suppresses liquefaction of the encapsulated foam gas. It is preferable for obtaining a necessary expansion ratio with a small amount of foaming agent.
- the hydrocarbon having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C. in the present embodiment is not limited to the following, but is propane, propylene, isobutane, normal butane, 1-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2 -Butene, 2-methylpropene, butadiene and the like.
- propane, normal butane, and isobutane are preferred, and isobutane is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of having good thermal conductivity and stability. These may be used alone, in combination of two or more, or may be used by adding other hydrocarbons.
- the phenol resin foam in the present embodiment is composed of hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms and pentanes having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to
- the boiling point average value X2 of the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms calculated by the above-described formula (1) may be 0 to 50 ° C.
- the boiling point average value X2 is preferably 5 to 43 ° C, more preferably 10 to 40 ° C.
- the hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms include one or more selected from hydrocarbons having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C. and a total of 60 to 100 mol% of pentanes with respect to the total amount of the hydrocarbons.
- 0 to 40 mol% preferably 80 to 100 mol% of pentanes in total, and 0 to 20 mol% of one or more selected from hydrocarbons having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C. More preferably, it contains.
- the phenol resin foam in the present embodiment has a hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 6 or less and pentane having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C.
- the boiling point average value X2 of the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms calculated by the above formula (1) may be 10 to 50 ° C.
- the boiling point average value X2 is preferably 15 to 50 ° C., more preferably 20 to 50 ° C., and most preferably 30 to 50 ° C.
- the boiling point average value X2 is too low, the thermal conductivity of the mixed gas tends to be high, and further, the foaming speed of the phenol resin becomes too fast. It tends to end up.
- the boiling point average value X2 is too high, the hydrocarbon is liable to be liquefied at a low temperature, so that the heat insulation performance at a low temperature, particularly 10 ° C., tends to be lowered.
- the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms is a total of 40 to 100 mol% of pentane, and one or more selected from hydrocarbons having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C.
- 0 to 60 mol% preferably 50 to 100 mol% of pentanes in total, and 0 to 50 mol% of one or more selected from hydrocarbons having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C.
- the phenol resin foam in this embodiment has a hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms and a boiling point of pentane. May include hydrocarbons of -50 ° C to 5 ° C, and the boiling point average value X2 of the hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms calculated by the above-described formula (1) may be -10 to 50 ° C.
- the boiling point average value X2 is preferably ⁇ 6 to 35 ° C., more preferably 0 to 25 ° C.
- the boiling point average value X2 is too low, the thermal conductivity of the mixed gas tends to be high, and further, the foaming speed of the phenol resin becomes too high, so that cell foaming is induced at the time of foaming and the heat insulation performance deteriorates. It tends to end up. If the boiling point average value X2 is too high, the hydrocarbon is liable to be liquefied at a low temperature, so that the heat insulation performance at a low temperature, particularly 10 ° C., tends to be lowered.
- the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms is a total of 5 to 100 mol% of pentane, and one or more selected from hydrocarbons having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 5 ° C.
- the phenol resin foam is, for example, a foamable phenol resin composition containing a phenol resin, a curing catalyst for the resin, a foaming agent composed of a hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms and a halogenated hydroolefin, and a surfactant. It is obtained by foaming and heat curing.
- the phenol resin can be obtained, for example, by using phenol and formaldehyde as raw materials and heating them in an alkali catalyst in a temperature range of 40 to 100 ° C. to polymerize them. If necessary, an additive such as urea may be added during the phenol resin polymerization. When adding urea, it is more preferable to mix urea methylolated with an alkali catalyst in advance into the phenol resin. Since the phenol resin after synthesis normally contains excess water, it is dehydrated to a foamable water content.
- the moisture content in the phenol resin may be 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 2% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- the phenolic resin preferably has a urea bond.
- the urea bond can be suitably contained by adding urea as an additive during the phenol resin polymerization by the above-described method.
- the addition amount of urea added as an additive during phenol resin polymerization is preferably 1.0% by mass to 20.0% by mass, more preferably 2.0% by mass to 16.0% by mass with respect to the phenol resin. %, More preferably 2.0% to 12.0% by weight, particularly preferably 3.0% to 12.0% by weight, particularly preferably 3.5% to 11.0% by weight. Most preferably, it is 4.0 mass% to 10.0 mass%.
- the amount of urea in the phenolic resin is too small, the reactivity of the phenolic resin will increase, and the amount of heat generated during foaming will increase so that the internal pressure of the cell during foaming will increase, and the cell membrane will tend to break. . Since the brittleness of the phenolic resin deteriorates and becomes brittle, it tends to chip during transportation and construction. On the other hand, when the amount of urea is too large, the reactivity of the phenolic resin is remarkably lowered and the amount of heat generated during foaming is insufficient. Therefore, since the amount of foaming agent required increases, the amount of foaming agent contained in the cell tends to be too large.
- the starting molar ratio of phenols to aldehydes in the phenolic resin is preferably from 1: 1 to 1: 4.5, more preferably from 1: 1.5 to 1: 2.5.
- the phenols preferably used in the synthesis of the phenol resin include phenol or a compound having a phenol skeleton.
- the compound having a phenol skeleton include resorcinol, catechol, o-, m- and p-cresol, xylenols, ethylphenols, p-tertbutylphenol and the like.
- dinuclear phenols can also be used.
- aldehydes used in the production of phenol resin include formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and aldehyde compounds other than formaldehyde.
- aldehyde compounds other than formaldehyde include glyoxal, acetaldehyde, chloral, furfural, benzaldehyde and the like.
- the viscosity of the phenol resin is preferably 5000 mPa ⁇ s or more and 100000 mPa ⁇ s or less at 40 ° C.
- the viscosity of the phenol resin is more preferably 7000 mPa ⁇ s or more and 50000 mPa ⁇ s or less, and particularly preferably 7000 mPa ⁇ s or more and 30000 mPa ⁇ s or less, from the viewpoint of improving the closed cell ratio and reducing the average cell diameter.
- the viscosity of the phenol resin is too low, the foaming speed is relatively high with respect to the viscosity of the phenol resin, and the foam diameter tends to be too large because the phenol resin is easily stretched by the foaming pressure.
- the closed cell ratio tends to be deteriorated.
- the viscosity of the phenol resin is too high, the viscosity of the phenol resin is too high for the foaming speed, and the foaming speed becomes relatively slow, so that the required foaming ratio cannot be obtained. It tends to end up.
- the phenol resin composition may contain an additive.
- an additive for example, phthalic acid esters and glycols that are generally used as a plasticizer may be used, such as ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon, a high-boiling alicyclic hydrocarbon, or a mixture thereof may be used.
- content of an additive 0.5 mass part or more and 20 mass parts or less are desirable with respect to 100 mass parts of phenol resins. If these additives are added too much, the viscosity of the phenolic resin is remarkably lowered and foam breakage tends to be induced at the time of foam curing, and if it is too little, the meaning including the additives is lost. For this reason, the content of the additive is more preferably 1.0 part by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin.
- the surfactant generally used for the production of a phenol resin foam can be used.
- nonionic surfactants are particularly effective.
- alkylene oxide which is a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, a condensate of alkylene oxide and castor oil, alkylene oxide and nonylphenol.
- Condensates with alkylphenols such as dodecylphenol, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers having 14 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl ether portion, fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, and silicone compounds such as polydimethylsiloxane Polyalcohols are preferred.
- These surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount used is not particularly limited, but it is preferably used in the range of 0.3 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin.
- the curing catalyst may be an acidic curing catalyst that can cure the phenol resin, but an acid anhydride curing catalyst is preferable.
- an acid anhydride curing catalyst phosphoric anhydride and aryl sulfonic anhydride are preferable.
- aryl sulfonic anhydride examples include toluene sulfonic acid, xylene sulfonic acid, phenol sulfonic acid, substituted phenol sulfonic acid, xylenol sulfonic acid, substituted xylenol sulfonic acid, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, benzene sulfonic acid, and naphthalene sulfonic acid.
- an aryl sulfonic anhydride these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- resorcinol cresol, saligenin (o-methylolphenol), p-methylolphenol, etc. may be added.
- These curing catalysts may be diluted with a solvent such as ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol.
- the amount of the curing agent used is not particularly limited, but it is preferably used in the range of 3 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin.
- a foamable phenol resin composition can be obtained by mixing the phenol resin, the curing catalyst, the foaming agent, and the surfactant in the proportions described above.
- a foamed phenolic resin composition can be obtained by foaming and curing the resulting foamable phenolic resin composition as described below.
- the phenol resin foam is, for example, continuously discharged onto a face material that travels the above-described foamable phenol resin composition, and the surface of the foamable phenol resin composition opposite to the face that contacts the face material.
- the foamable phenolic resin composition covered with another face material and sandwiched between the face materials can be obtained by foaming and heat curing.
- the face material sandwiching the phenol resin foam has flexibility for the purpose of preventing the face material from being broken during production.
- the face material having flexibility include synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric, synthetic fiber woven fabric, glass fiber paper, glass fiber woven fabric, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber mixed paper, paper, metal film, and combinations thereof.
- These face materials may contain a flame retardant in order to impart flame retardancy.
- the flame retardant include commonly used bromine compounds such as tetrabromobisphenol A and decabromodiphenyl ether, aromatic phosphate esters, aromatic condensed phosphate esters, halogenated phosphate esters, and red phosphorus.
- Antimony compounds such as phosphorus or phosphorus compounds, ammonium polyphosphate, antimony trioxide, and antimony pentoxide, and metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide can be used.
- These flame retardants may be kneaded into the fibers of the face material, and may be added to a binder such as acrylic, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, epoxy, or unsaturated polyester.
- the face material can be surface-treated with a water repellent and an asphalt waterproofing agent such as fluororesin, silicone resin, wax emulsion, paraffin, and acrylic resin paraffin wax. These water repellents and waterproofing agents may be used alone, or may be applied to the face material by adding the above flame retardant.
- the face material is preferably a face material with high gas permeability.
- a face material a synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric, a glass fiber paper, a glass fiber nonwoven fabric, papers, a metal film in which holes are formed in advance, and the like are preferably used.
- the surface material transmittance is 4.5cm 3 / 24h ⁇ m 2 or more oxygen is particularly preferred.
- the weight per unit area is 15 to 200 g / m 2 , more preferably 15 to 150 g / m 2 , further preferably 15 to 100 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 15 to 80 g / m 2 , and most preferably. Is 15 to 60 g / m 2 .
- the basis weight is preferably 30 to 600 g / m 2 , more preferably 30 to 500 g / m 2 , still more preferably 30 to 400 g / m 2 , and particularly preferably 30 to 350 g / m 2 , most preferably 30 to 300 g / m 2 .
- the foam phenolic resin composition sandwiched between two face materials can foam between the two face materials.
- the following first oven and second oven can be used.
- the first oven generates hot air of 60 to 110 ° C. and may have an endless steel belt type double conveyor or a slat type double conveyor. In this oven, an uncured foam can be cured while being formed into a plate shape to obtain a partially cured foam.
- the first oven may not have a uniform temperature over the entire area, and may have a plurality of temperature zones.
- the second oven generates hot air of 70 to 120 ° C. to post-cure the foam partially cured in the first oven.
- Partially cured foam boards may be stacked at regular intervals using spacers or trays. If the temperature in the second oven is too high, the pressure of the foaming agent inside the foam bubbles becomes too high, which may induce foam breakage. If it is too low, it takes time for the phenol resin to proceed. There is a risk of too much. Therefore, the temperature in the second oven is more preferably 80 to 110 ° C.
- the density of the phenol resin foam in the present embodiment is 10 kg / m 3 or more and 150 kg / m 3 or less, preferably 15 kg / m 3 or more and 70 kg / m 3 or less, more preferably 15 kg / m 3 or more and 40 kg. / M 3 or less, more preferably 15 kg / m 3 or more and 30 kg / m 3 or less, and most preferably 20 kg / m 3 or more and 28 kg / m 3 or less.
- the density is lower than 10 kg / m 3 , the strength is weak and the foam is difficult to handle.
- the foam film is thin, the foaming agent in the foam can be easily replaced with air, and the foam film can be easily broken during foaming, so that the closed cell structure cannot be maintained, and both of them tend to deteriorate long-term heat insulation performance. is there.
- the density is too higher than 150 kg / m 3, the heat conduction of the resin part forming the bubble film tends to increase, and the heat insulation performance tends to decrease.
- the average bubble diameter in the present embodiment may be 40 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m, or 60 ⁇ m or more and 110 ⁇ m. If the average bubble diameter is too large, the convection of the gas in the cell and the heat shielding by the cell membrane are reduced, so that the initial heat insulation performance tends to deteriorate. On the other hand, if the average cell diameter is too small, the individual cell membranes become thin, and the compressive strength tends to decrease.
- the foaming and curing method of the foamable phenol resin composition for obtaining the phenol resin foam of the present embodiment is not limited to the method described above.
- the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment it is possible to provide a phenol foam foam that has little environmental load, excellent initial heat insulating performance, and little change with time over a long period of time.
- composition, structure, and characteristics of the phenol resin and the phenol resin foam in the examples and comparative examples were measured and evaluated for the following items.
- Foam density A 20 cm square board cut out from the obtained phenolic resin foam was used as a sample.
- the foam density is a value obtained by measuring the mass and the apparent volume after removing the surface material such as the surface material and siding material of this sample, and was measured according to JIS-K-7222.
- the closed space volume (V2: cm 3 ) of the specimen was measured using an air pycnometer (Tokyo Science Co., Ltd., trade name “MODEL1000”) according to the method described in Method A of ASTM-D-2856.
- the foam sample under the same production conditions was measured 6 times, and the average value was taken as the representative value of the production condition sample.
- HYDRANAL-Composite 5K manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich was used as a Karl Fischer reagent
- HAYASHI-Solvent CE dehydrated solvent for ketones
- Hayashi Pure Chemical Industries was used for Karl Fischer titration.
- Aquamicron standard water / methanol water content 2 mg
- Karl Fischer reagent titer was determined using Method 5.
- Moisture content in solid matter The amount of moisture vaporized by heating at 110 ° C. was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter having a boat-type moisture vaporizer.
- GC / MS measurement conditions 100 ⁇ L of gas generated in the Tedlar bag was collected and analyzed under the GC / MS measurement conditions shown below.
- the type of halogenated hydroolefin was identified from the retention time and mass spectrum determined in advance. For hydrocarbons having 6 or less carbon atoms and hydrocarbons having a boiling point of ⁇ 50 to 5 ° C., the types were determined by retention time and mass spectrum. Separately, the detection sensitivities of the generated gas components were each measured with a standard gas, and the composition ratio was calculated from the detection area area and the detection sensitivity of each gas component obtained by the GC / MS.
- GC / MS measurement conditions GC / MS was measured as follows.
- Agilent 7890 manufactured by Agilent Technologies was used for gas chromatography, and InertCap 5 (inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 5 ⁇ m, length 30 m) manufactured by GL Sciences Inc. was used.
- the carrier gas was helium and the flow rate was 1.1 ml / min.
- the inlet temperature was 150 ° C.
- the injection method was the split method (1:50), and the sample injection amount was 100 ⁇ L.
- the column temperature was first held at ⁇ 60 ° C. for 5 minutes, then heated to 150 ° C. at 50 ° C./min and held for 2.8 minutes.
- Q1000GC type manufactured by JEOL Ltd. was used for mass spectrometry.
- the phenol resin foam sample is cut into about 100 mm squares, and six specimens are prepared, and heat resistance that can be sealed.
- Six bags with a chuck (hereinafter abbreviated as a bag with a chuck) were prepared, and the mass of each bag was measured with a precision balance.
- the specimen was put in a circulating oven whose temperature was adjusted to 70 ° C. for 24 ⁇ 0.5 hr, and the contained water was scattered. Then, the specimen was immediately put into a bag with a chuck, sealed, and cooled to room temperature.
- each specimen was taken out of the bag with the chuck, and the face material of the specimen was quickly peeled off, and the mass (W1) of each specimen was measured with a precision balance.
- the length of each side of each specimen was measured with a caliper, and the volume (V) of the specimen was calculated.
- each specimen is returned to the bag with the chuck, sealed again leaving a part of the opening, put between the panels of the room temperature hydraulic press, and gradually compressed to a pressure of about 200 N / cm 2 with the hydraulic press, The test piece bubble was destroyed.
- a sample of a part of the specimen was collected, and the water content (WS1) contained was measured by the method for measuring the water content in the solid.
- the remaining specimens were then placed in a circulating oven controlled at 81 ° C. for 30 ⁇ 5 minutes. Immediately thereafter, the gas in the bag was discharged while preventing the powder from coming out of the bag, the bag was sealed, and cooled to room temperature. After cooling to room temperature, the weight of the bag with the chuck with the specimen not subjected to the moisture content measurement was measured with a precision balance, the weight of the bag with the chuck was subtracted, and the mass (W2) from which the volatile components were removed was measured. . At the same time, a sample was taken from the bag of the three specimens whose moisture content was measured as described above, and the moisture content (WS2) was similarly measured.
- the mass of the hydrocarbon and halogenated hydroolefin having 6 or less carbon atoms in the foam is obtained by subtracting the difference in water content from the difference between W1 and W2, and the solid phenol resin density from the volume (V) of the specimen.
- the air buoyancy mass (WF) calculated by the volume obtained by subtracting the calculated resin volume from W2 (space volume in the foam) and the density of air (0.00119 g / mL) is added to 1.3 g / cm 3
- the volatile component mass (W3) was measured.
- the mass (W4), (W5) of W3 is multiplied by the ratio in the gas components of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydroolefins having a carbon number of 6 or less, and hydrocarbons of ⁇ 50 ° C.
- W6 was calculated.
- W3 is represented by the following formula.
- W3 (W1-W2)-(WS1-WS2) + WF
- the content of the hydrocarbon having 6 or less carbon atoms and the halogenated hydroolefin (mol / 22.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 m 3 ) in the foam is determined by the masses W4 and W5 of each gas in the foam and the ( It was calculated from V calculated in 10) and the molecular weight of hydrocarbons and halogenated hydroolefins having 6 or less carbon atoms measured in (9) above.
- Viscosity of phenolic resin The viscosity of phenolic resin is stabilized at 40 ° C for 3 minutes using a rotational viscometer (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., R-100 type, rotor part is 3 ° x R-14). It was set as the measured value after.
- a rotational viscometer manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., R-100 type, rotor part is 3 ° x R-14. It was set as the measured value after.
- test specimen for IR measurement After discarding the supernatant, 200 mL of the above methanol was further added to the insoluble matter, and further centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes in a centrifuge. After discarding the supernatant, the insoluble matter was air-dried to obtain a test specimen for IR measurement. An appropriate amount of the test specimen for IR measurement was placed on a Ge sample stage, and IR measurement was performed. The IR measurement was performed with the following apparatus and conditions.
- Measuring device Nicolet iS50 / Continuum (Manufactured by Thermo-Fischer scientific) Measurement method: Transmission method Resolution: 8 cm -1 Aperture size: 70 ⁇ m From the obtained IR spectrum, a peak near 1640 cm ⁇ 1 due to urea-derived (C ⁇ O) stretching vibration ( ⁇ C ⁇ O) and a secondary amide (—NHR) bending vibration ( ⁇ N—H) When a peak around 1540 cm ⁇ 1 is observed, it was judged that there was urea incorporated into the bond.
- C ⁇ O urea-derived stretching vibration
- —NHR secondary amide
- reaction solution was cooled to 30 ° C., and a 50% by mass aqueous solution of paratoluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added until the pH reached 6.4.
- phenol resin A was obtained, and the water content was 4.2% by mass.
- the foamable phenolic resin composition supplied on the face material should be sandwiched between two face materials at the same time the surface opposite to the face material is in contact with the other face material. And introduced into a first oven having a slat type double conveyor heated to 85 ° C. The foamable phenol resin composition was cured with a residence time of 15 minutes and then cured in an oven at 110 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a phenol resin foam.
- a glass fiber non-woven fabric (“Dura Glass Type DH 70” manufactured by Jones Manville Co., Ltd., basis weight 70 g / m 2 ) was used.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that cyclopentane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene mixed at a molar ratio of 40 mol% and 60 mol% were used as the blowing agent, respectively, Got the body.
- Example 3 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene at a molar ratio of 20 mol% and 80 mol%, respectively, and 100 mass of phenol resin mixed with a surfactant. A phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts of the foaming agent was added to the part.
- Example 4 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene at a molar ratio of 50 mol% and 50 mol%, respectively, and 100 parts by mass of a phenol resin mixed with a surfactant.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4 parts of the foaming agent was added and the temperature of the first oven was 90 ° C.
- Example 5 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene at a molar ratio of 50 mol% and 50 mol%, respectively, and 100 parts by mass of a phenol resin mixed with a surfactant.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts of the foaming agent was added and the temperature of the first oven was 75 ° C.
- Example 6 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene at a molar ratio of 10 mol% and 90 mol%, respectively, and 100 parts by mass of a phenol resin mixed with a surfactant A phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 14 parts of the foaming agent was added and the temperature of the first oven was 70 ° C.
- Example 7 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene at a molar ratio of 85 mol% and 15 mol%, respectively, and 100 parts by mass of a phenol resin mixed with a surfactant.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts of the foaming agent was added and the temperature of the first oven was 75 ° C.
- Example 8 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in a molar ratio of 85 mol% and 15 mol%, respectively, and 100 mass of phenol resin mixed with a surfactant.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 6 parts of the foaming agent was added to the part.
- Example 9 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in a molar ratio of 4 mol%, 11 mol% and 85 mol%, respectively, and the surfactant was mixed.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts of the foaming agent was added to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin, and the temperature of the first oven was 80 ° C.
- Example 10 As in Example 1, except that cyclopentane, isobutane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene were mixed in a molar ratio of 75 mol%, 14 mol% and 11 mol%, respectively, as the blowing agent. Thus, a phenol resin foam was obtained.
- Example 11 As in Example 1, except that cyclopentane, isobutane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene were mixed in a molar ratio of 49 mol%, 17 mol% and 34 mol%, respectively, as the blowing agent. Thus, a phenol resin foam was obtained.
- Example 1 A phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the foaming agent used was 100 mol% of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.
- the foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene at a molar ratio of 75 mol%, 12 mol%, and 13 mol%, respectively, and the surfactant was mixed.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4 parts of the foaming agent was added to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin, and the temperature of the first oven was 95 ° C.
- the foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene at a molar ratio of 85 mol% and 15 mol%, respectively, and 100 parts by mass of a phenol resin mixed with a surfactant.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts of the foaming agent was added and the temperature of the first oven was set to 70 ° C.
- Example 12 A composition containing ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer and polyoxyethylene dodecyl phenyl ether as surfactants at 50 mass% and 50 mass%, respectively, with respect to 100 mass parts of phenol resin A. It mixed in the ratio of 0 mass part. 7 parts by mass of isopentane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene as foaming agents mixed at 60 mol% and 40 mol%, respectively, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the surfactant.
- the foamable phenolic resin composition supplied on the face material should be sandwiched between two face materials at the same time the surface opposite to the face material is in contact with the other face material. And introduced into a first oven having a slat type double conveyor heated to 80 ° C. The foamable phenol resin composition was cured with a residence time of 15 minutes and then cured in an oven at 110 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a phenol resin foam.
- a glass fiber non-woven fabric (“Dura Glass Type DH 70” manufactured by Jones Manville Co., Ltd., basis weight 70 g / m 2 ) was used.
- Example 13 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene at a molar ratio of 30 mol% and 70 mol%, respectively, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the surfactant.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that 10 parts of the foaming agent was added and the temperature of the first oven was set to 70 ° C.
- Example 14 Other than using a mixture of cyclopentane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in a molar ratio of 50 mol% and 50 mol% as the blowing agent, and that the temperature of the first oven was 75 ° C. Produced a phenolic resin foam in the same manner as in Example 12.
- Example 15 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene at a molar ratio of 30 mol% and 70 mol%, respectively, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the surfactant.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12, except that 5 parts of the foaming agent was added and the temperature of the first oven was 90 ° C.
- Example 16 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene at a molar ratio of 90 mol% and 10 mol%, respectively, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the surfactant.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that 9 parts of the foaming agent was added and the temperature of the first oven was set to 70 ° C.
- Example 17 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene at a molar ratio of 10 mol% and 90 mol%, respectively, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the surfactant.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that 14 parts of the foaming agent was added and the temperature of the first oven was 65 ° C.
- Example 18 A phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12, except that cyclopentane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene were mixed in a molar ratio of 90 mol% and 10 mol%, respectively. Obtained.
- Example 19 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in a molar ratio of 35 mol%, 44 mol% and 11 mol%, respectively, and the temperature of the first oven was 70.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the temperature was changed to ° C.
- Example 20 As in Example 12, except that cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene were mixed in a molar ratio of 55 mol%, 13 mol% and 12 mol%, respectively, as the blowing agent. A phenol resin foam was obtained.
- Example 21 A phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that cyclopentane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene were mixed in a molar ratio of 75 mol% and 25 mol%, respectively. Obtained.
- Example 22 A phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12, except that cyclopentane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene were mixed in a molar ratio of 62 mol% and 38 mol%, respectively. Obtained.
- Example 4 A phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the foaming agent used was changed to 100 mol% of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
- the foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene at a molar ratio of 88 mol% and 12 mol%, respectively, and 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the surfactant.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that 10 parts of the foaming agent was added and the temperature of the first oven was 65 ° C.
- Example 23 A composition containing ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer and polyoxyethylene dodecyl phenyl ether as surfactants at 50 mass% and 50 mass%, respectively, with respect to 100 mass parts of phenol resin A. It mixed in the ratio of 0 mass part. Isopentane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene are used as foaming agents in a molar ratio of 20 mol% and 80 mol%, respectively, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the surfactant.
- the foamable phenolic resin composition supplied on the face material should be sandwiched between two face materials at the same time the surface opposite to the face material is in contact with the other face material. And introduced into a slat type double conveyor heated to 85 ° C. The foamable phenol resin composition was cured with a residence time of 15 minutes and then cured in an oven at 110 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a phenol resin foam.
- a glass fiber non-woven fabric (“Dura Glass Type DH 70” manufactured by Jones Manville Co., Ltd., basis weight 70 g / m 2 ) was used.
- Example 24 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene at a molar ratio of 3 mol%, 7 mol% and 90 mol%, respectively, and the interface A phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that 11 parts of the foaming agent was added to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the activator.
- Example 25 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene at a molar ratio of 3 mol%, 12 mol% and 85 mol%, respectively, and the interface A phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that 10 parts of the foaming agent was added to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the activator.
- Example 26 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene at a molar ratio of 3 mol%, 12 mol%, and 85 mol%, respectively.
- Example 27 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene at a molar ratio of 42 mol% and 48 mol%, respectively, and the surfactant was mixed.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23, except that 9 parts of the foaming agent was added to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin, and the temperature of the first oven was 75 ° C.
- Example 28 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene at a molar ratio of 10 mol%, 75 mol%, and 15 mol%, respectively.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that the temperature of the oven 1 was changed to 65 ° C.
- Example 29 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene in a molar ratio of 5 mol%, 5 mol%, and 90 mol%, respectively, and surface activity Phenol resin foam in the same manner as in Example 23, except that 14 parts of the foaming agent was added to 100 parts by weight of the phenol resin mixed with the agent, and the temperature of the first oven was 65 ° C. Got.
- Example 30 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene in a molar ratio of 20 mol%, 10 mol% and 70 mol%, respectively, and the interface A phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that 9 parts of the foaming agent was added to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the activator.
- Example 31 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene at a molar ratio of 30 mol%, 50 mol%, and 20 mol%, respectively.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that the oven temperature was set to 80 ° C.
- Example 32 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene in a molar ratio of 30 mol%, 30 mol% and 40 mol%, respectively.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that the oven temperature of 1 was 85 ° C.
- Example 33 The foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane, isobutane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene at a molar ratio of 2 mol%, 13 mol% and 85 mol%, respectively, and surface activity Phenol resin foam in the same manner as in Example 23, except that 5 parts of the foaming agent was added to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin mixed with the agent, and the temperature of the first oven was 95 ° C. Got.
- the foaming agent used was a mixture of cyclopentane and 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene at a molar ratio of 80 mol% and 20 mol%, respectively, and the surfactant was mixed.
- a phenol resin foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that 14 parts of the foaming agent was added to 100 parts by mass of the phenol resin and the temperature of the first oven was set to 70 ° C.
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Abstract
Description
[1] フェノール樹脂と、炭素数が6以下の炭化水素と、ヒドロフルオロオレフィン及びヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンと、を含有し、密度が10kg/m3以上150kg/m3以下のフェノール樹脂発泡体であって、フェノール樹脂発泡体内の空間体積22.4×10-3m3あたり、炭素数が6以下の炭化水素の含有量とハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンの含有量との合計が0.23~0.90molであり、かつ、炭素数が6以下の炭化水素の含有量が0.03~0.85molで、ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンの含有量が0.05~0.85molである、フェノール樹脂発泡体。
[2] ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンが、1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン、及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、[1]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[3] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素とハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンとの沸点平均値が-15℃~48℃である、[1]又は[2]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[4] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素がペンタン及び/又はペンテンを含む、[1]~[3]のいずれかのフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[5] ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンが、1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンである、[2]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[6] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素と1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンとの沸点平均値が15℃~45℃である、[5]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[7] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素がペンタン及び/又はペンテンを含む、[5]又は[6]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[8] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素が、該炭化水素全量に対し、ペンタン及び/又はペンテンをこれらの合計で60~100mol%と、沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素より選ばれた1種又は2種以上を0~40mol%と、を含み、炭素数が6以下の炭化水素の沸点平均値が0℃以上50℃以下である、[7]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[9] 沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素がイソブタンを含む、[8]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[10] ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンが、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンである、[2]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[11] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素と1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンとの沸点平均値が-15℃~45℃である、[10]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[12] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素がペンタン及び/又はペンテンを含む、[10]又は[11]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[13] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素が、該炭化水素全量に対し、ペンタン及び/又はペンテンをこれらの合計で40~100mol%と、沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素より選ばれた1種又は2種以上を0~60mol%と、を含み、炭素数が6以下の炭化水素の沸点平均値が10℃以上50℃以下である、[12]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[14] 沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素がイソブタンを含む、[13]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[15] ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンが、1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンである、[2]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[16] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素と1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンとの沸点平均値が0℃~48℃である、[15]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[17] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素がペンタン及び/又はペンテンを含む、[15]又は[16]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[18] 炭素数が6以下の炭化水素が、該炭化水素全量に対し、ペンタン及び/又はペンテンをこれらの合計で5~100mol%と、沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素より選ばれた1種又は2種以上を0~95mol%と、を含み、炭素数が6以下の炭化水素の沸点平均値が-10℃以上50℃以下である、[17]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[19] 沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素がイソブタンを含む、[18]のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[20] 10℃及び23℃環境下における熱伝導率が、いずれも0.0205W/m・k未満である、[1]~[19]のいずれかのフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[21] 独立気泡率が90%以上で、平均気泡径が40μm以上300μm以下で、かつボイド面積率が0.2%以下である、[1]~[20]のいずれかのフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[22] フェノール樹脂が尿素結合を有する、[1]~[21]のいずれかのフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[23] 110℃雰囲気に14日間放置条件後の10℃環境下における熱伝導率が、0.020W/m・k未満である、[1]~[22]のいずれかのフェノール樹脂発泡体。
沸点平均値X=a×Ta+b×Tb+c×Tc+… (1)
(上記式(1)において、対象となる物質(A、B、C、…)の各々の含有率がa、b、c、…(モル分率)、沸点がTa、Tb、Tc、…(℃)である。)
本明細書においては、面積が2mm2以上の大径孔をボイドと定義する。ボイド面積率は、特許3813062号明細書に記載の測定方法に準拠して測定される。つまり、フェノール樹脂発泡体の厚み方向ほぼ中央を表裏面(互いに対向する2つの主表面)に平行に切削して得られた切断面における、面積2mm2以上の大径孔(ボイド)が占める面積の割合をボイド面積率と定義する。
得られたフェノール樹脂発泡体から切り出した20cm角のボードを試料とした。発泡体密度は、この試料の面材、サイディング材等の表面材を取り除いて、質量及び見かけ容積を測定して求めた値であり、JIS-K-7222に従い測定した。
JIS-K-6402記載の方法を参考に、以下の方法で測定した。
フェノール樹脂発泡体の厚み方向ほぼ中央を表裏面に平行に切削して得られた切断面を50倍に拡大した写真を撮影し、得られた写真上に9cmの長さ(実際の発泡体断面における1,800μmに相当する)の直線を4本引き、各直線が横切った気泡の数の平均値を求めた。平均気泡径は、横切った気泡の数の平均値で1,800μmを除した値である。
ASTM-D-2856-94(1998)A法を参考に以下の方法で測定した。
フェノール樹脂発泡体の厚み方向中央部から、約25mm角の立方体試片を切り出した。厚みが薄く25mmの均質な厚みの試片が得られない場合は、切り出した約25mm角の立方体試片表面を約1mmずつスライスし、均質な厚みを有する試片を用いた。各辺の長さをノギスにより測定し、見かけ体積(V1:cm3)を計測すると共に試片の質量(W:有効数字4桁,g)を測定した。引き続き、エアーピクノメーター(東京サイエンス社、商品名「MODEL1000」)を使用し、ASTM-D-2856のA法に記載の方法に従い、試片の閉鎖空間体積(V2:cm3)を測定した。上述の(2)平均気泡径の測定法に従い気泡径(t:cm)を計測すると共に、既測定の各辺の長さより、試片の表面積(A:cm3)を計測した。t及びAより、式VA=(A×t)/1.14から、試片表面の切断された気泡の開孔体積(VA:cm3)を算出した。固形フェノール樹脂の密度は1.3g/mlとし、試片に含まれる気泡壁を構成する固体部分の体積(VS:cm3)を、式VS=試片質量(W)/1.3により、算出した。
下記式(2)により独立気泡率を算出した。
独立気泡率(%)=[(V2-VS)/(V1-VA-VS)]×100 (2)
同一製造条件の発泡体サンプルについて6回測定し、その平均値をその製造条件サンプルの代表値とした。
フェノール樹脂発泡体サンプルの厚み方向のほぼ中央を、表裏面に平行に切削して得られた切削断面の100mm×150mmの範囲を200%拡大した写真又はカラーコピーを撮影した。撮影された写真又はコピー図面において、縦横それぞれの長さが実寸の2倍に、面積は実面積の4倍になる。該写真又は図面に透明方眼紙を上から重ね、大径の気泡を選び、該気泡の断面積を方眼紙のマス目を使って計測した。1mm×1mmマスが8マス以上にわたり連続して存在する孔をボイドとし、観察されるボイド面積を積算し面積分率を計算した。即ち、拡大コピーをとっているため、この8マスが実際の発泡体断面では2mm2の面積に相当する。同一製造条件の試料について12回測定し、その平均値をその製造条件サンプルの代表値とした。
JIS A 1412-2:1999に準拠し、以下の方法で10℃と23℃における初期熱伝導率を測定した。
フェノール樹脂発泡体サンプルを600mm角に切断し、試片を23±1℃・湿度50±2%の雰囲気に入れ、24時間ごとに質量の経時変化を測定し、24時間経過の質量変化が0.2質量%以下になるまで、状態調節をした。状態調節された試片は、同環境下に置かれた熱伝導率装置に導入した。
熱伝導率測定は、発泡部を傷つけないように面材を剥がし、10℃の初期熱伝導率は低温板0℃高温板20℃の条件で、23℃の初期熱伝導率は低温板13℃高温板33℃の条件で、それぞれ試験体1枚・対称構成方式の測定装置(英弘精機社、商品名「HC-074/600」)を用い行った。
初期熱伝導率の測定が終了した試片をEN13166:2012 Annex CのC.4.2.2に従い、110℃に温調された循環式オーブン内に14日間入れ加速試験を行ない、その後EN12429:1998に従い23±2℃、相対湿度50±5%にて養生し、24時間間隔で行う重量測定の差が試片の重量の0.05%以下になるまで状態調節を行った。引き続き、上述の(5)熱伝導率の測定方法に従い、10℃にて加速試験後熱伝導率の測定を行った。
水分量を測定した脱水メタノール(関東化学(株)製)に、フェノール樹脂を3質量%から7質量%の範囲で溶解して、その溶液の水分量から脱水メタノール中の水分を除して、フェノール樹脂の水分量を求めた。測定した水分量から、フェノール樹脂の水分率を計算した。測定にはカールフィッシャー水分計(京都電子工業(株)製、MKC-510)を用いた。水分量の測定にはカールフィッシャー試薬としてSigma-Aldrich製のHYDRANAL-Composite 5Kを用い、カールフィッシャー滴定用として林純薬工業製のHAYASHI-Solvent CE 脱水溶剤(ケトン用)を用いた。また、カールフィッシャー試薬の力価測定用として三菱化学製のアクアミクロン標準水・メタノール(水分2mg)を用いた。水分量の測定は装置内に設定されているメソッド1、またカールフィッシャー試薬の力価はメソッド5を用いて求めた。
ボートタイプ水分気化装置を有するカールフィッシャー水分計で、110℃で加熱して気化させた水分量を測定した。
はじめにハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンの標準ガスを用いて、以下のGC/MSの測定条件における保持時間を求めた。
つづいて、面材を剥がしたフェノール樹脂発泡体サンプルを10gと金属製やすりを10L容器(製品名テドラーバック)に入れて密封し、窒素5Lを注入した。テドラーパックの上からヤスリを使い試料を削り、細かく粉砕した。続いて、81℃に温調された温調機内に10分間入れた。テドラーバック中で発生したガスを100μL採取し、以下に示すGC/MS測定条件にて分析した。ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンの種類は、事前に求めた保持時間とマススペクトルから同定を行った。炭素数6以下の炭化水素及び沸点が-50~5℃の炭化水素については、保持時間とマススペクトルによって種類を求めた。
別途、発生したガス成分の検出感度を各々標準ガスによって測定し、上記GC/MSで得られた各ガス成分の検出エリア面積と検出感度より、組成比を算出した。
GC/MS測定条件
GC/MSの測定は以下のように行った。ガスクロマトグラフィーはアジレント・テクノロジー社製のAgilent7890型を用い、カラムはジーエルサイエンス社製InertCap 5(内径0.25mm、膜厚5μm、長さ30m)を用いた。キャリアガスはヘリウムを用い、流量は1.1ml/分とした。注入口の温度は150℃、注入方法はスプリット法(1:50)とし、試料の注入量は100μLとした。カラム温度はまず-60℃で5分間保持し、その後50℃/分で150℃まで昇温し、2.8分保持した。質量分析は日本電子社製のQ1000GC型を用いた。イオン化方法は電子イオン化法(70eV)、スキャン範囲はm/Z=10~500、電圧-1300V、イオン源温度230℃、インターフェース温度150℃の条件で質量分析を行った。
フェノール樹脂発泡体サンプルを約100mm角に切断し、試片6個を準備すると共に、密封可能な耐熱性を有するチャック付袋(以下チャック付袋と略す)を6袋準備し、各々の袋の質量を精密天秤で、測定した。試片を70℃に温調された循環式オーブン内に24±0.5hr入れ含有する水分を飛散させた後、速やかに、チャック付袋に入れ、封をして、室温まで冷やした。室温まで冷却後、チャック付袋より試片を取り出し、速やかに試片の面材を剥離すると共に、各試片の質量(W1)を精密天秤より測定した。各試片の各辺の長さをノギスにより測定し、試片の体積(V)を算出した。その後、各試片をチャック付袋に戻し、一部の開口部を残し再度封をし、室温の油圧プレスの盤面間に入れ、油圧プレスで約200N/cm2の圧力まで徐々に圧縮し、試片の気泡を破壊した。3試片については、試片の一部試料を採取し、上記固形物中の水分量の測定法により、含有する水分量(WS1)を測定した。残りの試片は引き続き、一部の開口部を残した試片入りチャック付袋を、81℃に温調された循環式オーブン内に30±5分入れた。その後、直ちに、粉体が袋から出ないようにしつつ袋内気体を排出し、袋を密封し、室温まで冷やした。室温まで冷却後、上記で水分率測定に供していない試片入りチャック付袋の質量を精密天秤で測定し、チャック付袋の質量を差し引き、揮発成分が除かれた質量(W2)を測定した。同時に、上記で水分率を測定した3試片の袋より、一部試料を採取し、同様に水分量(WS2)を測定した。
発泡体中の炭素数が6以下の炭化水素及びハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンの質量は、上記W1とW2の差分から上記水分量の差分を差し引くと共に、試片の体積(V)から、固形フェノール樹脂密度を1.3g/cm3とし、W2から計算された樹脂体積を差し引いた体積(発泡体内の空間体積)及び空気の密度(0.00119g/mL)により計算された空気浮力質量(WF)を加算し揮発成分質量(W3)を測定した。W3に上記(9)で測定された炭素数が6以下の炭化水素、ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィン及び-50℃~5℃の炭化水素のガス成分中比率を掛けそれぞれの質量(W4)、(W5)、(W6)を算出した。
W3は下記式で示される。
W3=(W1-W2)-(WS1-WS2)+WF
発泡体中の炭素数が6以下の炭化水素及びハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンの含有量(mol/22.4×10-3m3)は、上述の発泡体内の各ガスの質量W4、W5と当該(10)で算出したV及び上記(9)で測定された炭素数6以下の炭化水素及びハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンの分子量により算出した。
フェノール樹脂の粘度は、回転粘度計(東機産業(株)製、R-100型、ローター部は3°×R-14)を用い、40℃で3分間安定させた後の測定値とした。板状成形する際の発泡性フェノール樹脂組成物の粘度は、樹脂の硬化による粘度上昇の影響をできるだけ排除した評価とするため、該粘度計を用いて、40℃で3分間経過後の測定値とした。
フェノール樹脂発泡体の厚み方向中央付近より500mg程度を切り出し、日本分析工業株式会社製の冷凍粉砕機「JFC-2000」を用いて5分間冷凍粉砕した。粉砕した試料全量を密閉容器に入れ、ここにメタノール(和光純薬工業株式会社製 分光分析用)及び蒸留水の1:1の混合溶液50mLを加えた。続いて、この溶液を4時間撹拌後、一晩浸漬放置した。この溶液を遠心分離機にて5000rpm、5分間遠心分離した。上澄み液を廃棄後、不溶分にさらに上記メタノール200mLを加え、さらに遠心分離機にて5000rpm、5分間遠心分離した。上澄み液を廃棄後、不溶分を風乾しIR測定用試験体を得た。前記IR測定用試験体を適量Ge製試料台上に採り、IR測定を実施した。IRの測定は以下の装置及び条件で行った。
測定装置:Nicolet iS50/Continuum
(Thermo-Fischer scientific社製)
測定法:透過法
分解能:8cm-1
アパーチャサイズ:70μm
得られたIRスペクトルより、尿素由来の(C=O)伸縮振動(νC=O)に起因する1640cm-1付近のピーク及び2級アミド(-NHR)の変角振動(δN-H)に起因する1540cm-1付近のピークが観測される場合において、結合に取り込まれた尿素が有ると判断した。
<フェノール樹脂の合成>
反応器に52質量%ホルムアルデヒド水溶液3500kg及び99質量%フェノール2510kgを仕込み、プロペラ回転式の攪拌機により攪拌し、温調機により反応器内部液温度を40℃に調整した。次いで50質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を反応液のpHが8.7になるまで加えながら昇温して、反応を行わせた。オストワルド粘度が60センチストークス(=60×10-6m2/s、25℃における測定値)に到達した段階で、反応液を冷却し、尿素を570kg添加した。その後、反応液を30℃まで冷却し、パラトルエンスルホン酸一水和物の50質量%水溶液を、pHが6.4になるまで添加した。得られた反応液を薄膜蒸発機によって濃縮処理した結果、フェノール樹脂Aが得られ、その水分率は4.2質量%であった。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ40mol%、60mol%で混合したものを使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ20mol%、80mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、及び界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を10部添加したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ50mol%、50mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を4部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を90℃にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ50mol%、50mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を10部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を75℃にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ10mol%、90mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を14部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を70℃にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ85mol%、15mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を10部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を75℃にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ85mol%、15mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、及び界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を6部添加したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ4mol%、11mol%、85mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を10部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を80℃にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ75mol%、14mol%、11mol%で混合したものを使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ49mol%、17mol%、34mol%で混合したものを使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
使用する発泡剤を1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン100mol%にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ75mol%、12mol%、13mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を4部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を95℃にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ85mol%、15mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を10部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を70℃にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
フェノール樹脂A100質量部に対して、界面活性剤としてエチレンオキサイド-プロピレンオキサイドのブロック共重合体及びポリオキシエチレンドデシルフェニルエーテルを質量比率でそれぞれ50質量%、50質量%で含有する組成物を2.0質量部の割合で混合した。上記界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して、発泡剤としてイソペンタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ60mol%、40mol%で混合したものを7質量部、酸硬化触媒としてキシレンスルホン酸80質量%とジエチレングリコール20質量%との混合物からなる組成物14質量部を、25℃に温調したミキシングヘッドで混合し、移動する面材上に供給した。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ30mol%、70mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を10部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を70℃にしたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ50mol%、50mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を75℃にしたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ30mol%、70mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を5部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を90℃にしたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ90mol%、10mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を9部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を70℃にしたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ10mol%、90mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を14部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を65℃にしたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ90mol%、10mol%で混合したものを使用したこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ35mol%、44mol%、11mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を70℃にしたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ55mol%、13mol%、12mol%で混合したものを使用したこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ75mol%、25mol%で混合したものを使用したこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ62mol%、38mol%で混合したものを使用したこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
使用する発泡剤を1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン100mol%にしたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ70mol%、5mol%、25mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を4部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を90℃にしたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンをmol比率でそれぞれ88mol%、12mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を10部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を65℃にしたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
フェノール樹脂A100質量部に対して、界面活性剤としてエチレンオキサイド-プロピレンオキサイドのブロック共重合体及びポリオキシエチレンドデシルフェニルエーテルを質量比率でそれぞれ50質量%、50質量%で含有する組成物を2.0質量部の割合で混合した。上記界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して、発泡剤としてイソペンタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ20mol%、80mol%で混合したものを7質量部、酸硬化触媒としてキシレンスルホン酸80質量%とジエチレングリコール20質量%の混合物からなる組成物14質量部を、25℃に温調したミキシングヘッドで混合し、移動する面材上に供給した。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ3mol%、7mol%、90mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、及び界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を11部添加したこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ3mol%、12mol%、85mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、及び界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を10部添加したこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ3mol%、12mol%、85mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を5部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を93℃にしたこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ42mol%、48mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を9部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を75℃にしたこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ10mol%、75mol%、15mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を65℃にしたこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ5mol%、5mol%、90mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を14部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を65℃にしたこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ20mol%、10mol%、70mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、及び界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を9部添加したこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ30mol%、50mol%、20mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、第1のオーブンの温度を80℃にしたこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ30mol%、30mol%、40mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、及び第1のオーブン温度を85℃にしたこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン、イソブタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ2mol%、13mol%、85mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を5部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を95℃にしたこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
使用する発泡剤を1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテン100mol%にしたこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
発泡剤としてシクロペンタン及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンをmol比率でそれぞれ80mol%、20mol%で混合したものを使用したこと、界面活性剤が混合されたフェノール樹脂100質量部に対して前記発泡剤を14部添加したこと、及び第1のオーブンの温度を70℃にしたこと以外は実施例23と同様にして、フェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
Claims (23)
- フェノール樹脂と、炭素数が6以下の炭化水素と、ヒドロフルオロオレフィン及びヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンと、を含有し、密度が10kg/m3以上150kg/m3以下のフェノール樹脂発泡体であって、
前記フェノール樹脂発泡体内の空間体積22.4×10-3m3あたり、前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素の含有量と前記ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンの含有量との合計が0.23~0.90molであり、かつ、前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素の含有量が0.03~0.85molで、前記ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンの含有量が0.05~0.85molである、フェノール樹脂発泡体。 - 前記ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンが、1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン、及び1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素と前記ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンとの沸点平均値が-15℃~48℃である、請求項1又は2に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素がペンタン及び/又はペンテンを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンが、1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンである、請求項2に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素と前記1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペンとの沸点平均値が15℃~45℃である、請求項5に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素がペンタン及び/又はペンテンを含む、請求項5又は6に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素が、該炭化水素全量に対し、ペンタン及び/又はペンテンをこれらの合計で60~100mol%と、沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素より選ばれた1種又は2種以上を0~40mol%と、を含み、
前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素の沸点平均値が0℃以上50℃以下である、請求項7に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。 - 前記沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素がイソブタンを含む、請求項8に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンが、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンである、請求項2に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素と前記1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンとの沸点平均値が-15℃~45℃である、請求項10に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素がペンタン及び/又はペンテンを含む、請求項10又は11に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素が、該炭化水素全量に対し、ペンタン及び/又はペンテンをこれらの合計で40~100mol%と、沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素より選ばれた1種又は2種以上を0~60mol%と、を含み、
前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素の沸点平均値が10℃以上50℃以下である、請求項12に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。 - 前記沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素がイソブタンを含む、請求項13に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記ハロゲン化ヒドロオレフィンが、1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンである、請求項2に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素と前記1,1,1,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-2-ブテンとの沸点平均値が0℃~48℃である、請求項15に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素がペンタン及び/又はペンテンを含む、請求項15又は16に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素が、該炭化水素全量に対し、ペンタン及び/又はペンテンをこれらの合計で5~100mol%と、沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素より選ばれた1種又は2種以上を0~95mol%と、を含み、
前記炭素数が6以下の炭化水素の沸点平均値が-10℃以上50℃以下である、請求項17に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。 - 前記沸点が-50℃~5℃の炭化水素がイソブタンを含む、請求項18に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 10℃及び23℃環境下における熱伝導率が、いずれも0.0205W/m・k未満である、請求項1~19のいずれか一項に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 独立気泡率が90%以上で、平均気泡径が40μm以上300μm以下で、かつボイド面積率が0.2%以下である、請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記フェノール樹脂が尿素結合を有する、請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 110℃雰囲気に14日間放置条件後の10℃環境下における熱伝導率が、0.020W/m・k未満である、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
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- 2014-12-25 EP EP18187003.1A patent/EP3421526A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-12-25 CA CA2935042A patent/CA2935042C/en active Active
- 2014-12-25 KR KR1020167016888A patent/KR20160090857A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2014-12-25 RU RU2016130582A patent/RU2656494C2/ru active
- 2014-12-25 TW TW103145563A patent/TW201531504A/zh unknown
- 2014-12-25 EP EP14873157.3A patent/EP3088453B2/en active Active
- 2014-12-25 KR KR1020197007792A patent/KR102242076B1/ko active Active
- 2014-12-25 AU AU2014370974A patent/AU2014370974B2/en active Active
- 2014-12-25 CN CN201480071348.8A patent/CN105849166B/zh active Active
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Cited By (14)
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| JPH0367850A (ja) * | 1989-08-02 | 1991-03-22 | Nec Corp | 用紙けり出しローラー |
| EP3098255A4 (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2016-11-30 | Asahi Kasei Constr Mat Co Ltd | PHENOLIC FOAM BODY AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| JP2017020049A (ja) * | 2015-03-24 | 2017-01-26 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | フェノール樹脂発泡体 |
| JP2017160464A (ja) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-09-14 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | フェノール樹脂発泡板 |
| JP2017075314A (ja) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | フェノール樹脂発泡板 |
| JP2017075313A (ja) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | フェノール樹脂発泡板 |
| JP2017160430A (ja) * | 2016-03-07 | 2017-09-14 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | フェノール樹脂発泡体 |
| US10920034B2 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2021-02-16 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Resin composition and use thereof |
| US11015060B2 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2021-05-25 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polymer, molded body, foam, resin composition, and production method for polymer |
| US11773266B2 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2023-10-03 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polymer, molded body, foam, resin composition, and production method for polymer |
| JP2017160414A (ja) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-09-14 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | フェノール樹脂発泡体 |
| JP2018095826A (ja) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-21 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | フェノール樹脂発泡体およびその製造方法 |
| JP2021523251A (ja) * | 2018-05-04 | 2021-09-02 | ザ ケマーズ カンパニー エフシー リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | 断熱性能が改善された発泡体 |
| JP7555268B2 (ja) | 2018-05-04 | 2024-09-24 | ザ ケマーズ カンパニー エフシー リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | 断熱性能が改善された発泡体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3088453A4 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
| JP2015187249A (ja) | 2015-10-29 |
| TW201531504A (zh) | 2015-08-16 |
| US9688831B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
| AU2014370974B2 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
| JP5688487B1 (ja) | 2015-03-25 |
| EP3088453B1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
| CN105849166A (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
| EP3088453A1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
| CA2935042A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
| AU2014370974A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
| KR20190032630A (ko) | 2019-03-27 |
| US20160326331A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
| CN105849166B (zh) | 2018-11-16 |
| KR20160090857A (ko) | 2016-08-01 |
| KR102242076B1 (ko) | 2021-04-20 |
| RU2016130582A (ru) | 2018-02-01 |
| EP3088453B2 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
| EP3421526A1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
| RU2656494C2 (ru) | 2018-06-05 |
| CA2935042C (en) | 2017-08-08 |
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