WO2006052165A2 - Plasma reactor-separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can be used for the cement, chemical and metallurgical industries. The inventive plasma reactor-separator for simultaneously producing the melt of high-melting metal and non-metal materials and fumes comprises a longitudinal hollow partition (17) which is refrigerated from the inside thereof by a raw material and divides a chamber (1) into two equal parts. Said partition is provided with horizontal slit-type openings for material discharging and for additional kish (20) formation in the form of conical slopes on a heel of metal boundaries. Said reactor also comprises hollow stick electrodes (2, 3) whose lower ends are introduced into the melt. The partition (17) is provided with an arc hole which is arranged above the melt surface. Coils (11) make it possible to rotate the melt on a horizontal plane by means of electromagnetic forces for removing a solid raw material from under the electrode and for moving said material in the arcing area. Said invention makes it possible to substantially increase the operational reliability and service life of electrodes, to increase the reactor performance, improve a final product quality and to reduce energy consumption.

Description

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Plasma Reactor Separator

The invention relates to electric arc plasma reactors for the simultaneous production of a melt of refractory, metallic and nonmetallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of artificial binder clinkers having a high degree of melt viscosity and associated non-ferrous metals and can be used in cement, chemical industry and metallurgy. Plasma reactor - separator for simultaneous production of a melt of refractory metallic materials and refractory non-metallic materials and sublimates, containing a chamber with a cylindrical body, rod hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper airtight cover, heat-exchange elements are made in the form of inclined overflow shelves that delay the fall of raw material mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, the heat exchange elements are made in the form of a screw, delaying the fall of raw material, In the cavities of the electrodes, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates located in a sealed cover, openings for discharging a melt of refractory metal materials in the bottom of the chamber, an electromagnetic coil, channels for discharging a melt of a lighter binder (refractory non-metallic materials) located between the openings for outputting the melt of refractory metal materials, four side feeders with channels for introducing part of the dry raw material and creating a skull on the lining in de conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror while the channels are located at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the melt surface, a granulator for cooling and granulating the melt of refractory non-metallic materials made in the form of water-cooled metal cylinders rotating inside its axis in opposite sides relative to each other, a longitudinal septum cooled from the inside by raw material, dividing the chamber along the entire length into two equal parts and passing between rod hollow electrodes immersed in the melt, having a through hole for the arc located above the melt surface and rotating the latter in a horizontal plane for evacuation solid raw materials from under the electrode and moving it to the arc burning zone, the hollow partition is equipped with horizontal slotted holes with guides for the yield of material and the creation of an additional skull in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror.

The invention allows to significantly increase the reliability and durability of the electrodes (utilization rate, duration of the resource of continuous operation of the unit as a whole), due to their incomplete immersion in the melt, as well as the stability of the partition due to cooling with raw material and the creation of an additional skull in the form of conical slopes at the border Melt mirrors, increase reactor productivity, finished product quality, reduce energy consumption, simplify the design.

The alleged invention relates to devices for the simultaneous production of refractory, metallic and non-metallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of artificial binder clinkers, for example cement clinker, having a high degree of melt viscosity and related metal alloys and can be used in the cement industry.

A device for melting a material, mainly cement clinker, is known, comprising a chamber, horizontal solid rod electrodes, openings for introducing waste, an opening for introducing steam, an opening for discharging exhaust gases (RF Patent N ° 157060 C2 H 05 B 7/00 of December 15, 1998 "Plasma-chemical reactor" (author M.R. Predtechensky)).

The disadvantage of this device is the low resource of the plasma torch (erosion of the electrodes), insufficient processing depth, low productivity of the unit when using industrial waste, the cyclicity of work.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a plasma reactor for melting the material, mainly cement clinker, including a cylindrical chamber, hollow rod electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper cover, openings for introducing reagents in the chamber vault and outlet in the hearth, two electromagnetic coils covering the camera and located one above the other in its height (RF patent JCH ° 2213792 C22 B 9/22, F 27 B 14/04 dated 10/10/2003 Bul. j \ ° 28, application dated 04/19/2002 ( authors Yu.A. Burlov et al.)).

The disadvantage of this device is the rapid wear of the electrodes and the need to stop the unit to replace them.

The present invention is based on the task of improving the reliability of operation, furnace productivity, quality of the finished product, reducing energy consumption.

According to the invention, the problem is solved in that in a plasma reactor for the simultaneous production of a melt of refractory metallic and nonmetallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of clinker, artificial binders in the form of a melt having a high degree of melt viscosity and associated non-ferrous metals, containing a chamber with a cylindrical body, rod hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper sealed cover, heat exchange elements are made in the form of inclined 's shelves, delaying the fall of the raw material, mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, the heat exchange elements are -A- in the form of a screw, delaying the fall of raw material, mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates located in a sealed cover, holes for removing the melt of refractory metal materials in the bottom of the chamber, an electromagnetic coil creating a rotation of the melt in a horizontal plane for the evacuation of solid raw materials from under the electrode and moving it to the arc burning zone, channels for removing the melt of a lighter binder (refractory non-metallic materials), ra four side feeders with channels for introducing part of the dry raw material and creating a skull on the lining in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror, the channels are located at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other the upper part of the chamber above the melt surface, a granulator for cooling and granulating the melt of refractory non-metallic materials made in the form of water-cooled inside met cylinders rotating around their axis in opposite directions relative to each other, a longitudinal partition, cooled from the inside with raw materials, dividing the chamber along the entire height into two equal parts and passing between rod hollow electrodes immersed in the melt, an arc hole in the partition located above the melt surface, the hollow partition is equipped with horizontal slit openings with guides for the exit of the material and the creation of an additional skull in the form of conical slopes on g ANRITSU mirror melt.

The plasma reactor-separator includes (see the drawing of Fig. L) a water-cooled cylindrical chamber 1, rod hollow graphite electrodes 2 and 3, passing into the chamber 1 through its upper cover 4, and mounted in their cavities, which delay the fall of raw material heat-exchange elements made in the form of inclined overflow shelves 5. Moreover, for simplicity of execution, the electrode is rectangular in cross-sectional shape, and shelves can be inserted into holes in the walls of the rod. The electrode 3 in its cavity may have an element in the form of a screw 6 preventing the fall of the raw material. The cover 4 is also provided with a channel 7 for evacuating the exhaust gases, including sublimates of non-ferrous metals and letka 8 for introducing fire-liquid slag.

In the bottom part 9 of the chamber 1 there is a valve 10, which covers the notch for the output of the molten metal. An electromagnetic coil 11 is installed, covering the chamber 1. Between the valves 10 for outputting the metal melt, two channels 12 are placed with a shut-off valve for outputting the melt of binders, for example, cement clinker. (Locking channel, valve conditionally not shown).

Four side feeders 13 and one upper feeder 13 (see the drawing of FIGS. 2 and 1) for introducing a raw material charge (10% of the total amount of furnace power) through a channel 14 located in the walls of the chamber 1, at an angle of 90 ° on one horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt, as a result, a skull 15 is formed on the mirror of the melt in the form of conical slopes.

Under the channels 12, metal, long cylinders 16 are installed, rotating around their axis in opposite directions from each other, water-cooled from the inside, which act as heat transfer and granulation of the melt binders. Between the rod hollow electrodes 2 and 3 immersed in the melt, a longitudinal hollow baffle 17, which is cooled from the inside with raw material, passes, dividing the chamber into two equal parts over the entire height. In the hollow partition 17 there is an opening 18 for the arc located above the surface of the melt. The hollow partition 17 is provided with horizontal slotted holes 19 with guides for exit material and create an additional skull 20 in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror.

The plasma reactor-separator operates as follows: Lateral feeders 13 along the channel 14 located in the walls of the chamber 1, at an angle of 90 ° on one horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the melt surface to create a skull lining of the material itself at the boundary of the melt mirror, a dry raw material charge is introduced, as a result a skull forms in the form of conical slopes on the melt mirror, thereby eliminating thermochemical corrosion of the lining. The introduced, dry raw material charge into the chamber 1 contains a calculated amount of chemical compounds that, when melted, provide artificial binders, for example, cement clinker.

When used as raw materials, waste, for example, chemical industries, as well as metallurgical industry waste in the form of liquid-liquid slag, the waste contains a certain amount of non-ferrous metals. Flame-liquid slag with a temperature of up to 1800 ⁰ C is supplied by a feeder 8 through a channel located in the wall of the chamber 1. At the same time, additional heat is supplied, which sharply reduces energy costs and increases the productivity of the melting chamber and the quality of cement clinkers.

The ends of the electrodes inside the chamber are immersed in the melt to a depth of 50 cm, below the coil 11, a controlled voltage is applied. Before starting the plasma reactor, metal scrap is loaded into the chambers. An arc is ignited between these chambers and passes into the cylindrical through hole 18 of the partition with a metal conductor located in it, one end of which is connected to the chamber, melts together with the metal filling the chamber, and the second end, to which the contacts are connected to supply voltage, remains in solid state. To stabilize the arc discharge, a plasma-forming gas (pair) is given rotation with the formation of a vortex. The vortex should be such that between the electric arc and the wall of the discharge channel a layer of plasma-forming gas (vapor) is formed with a lower temperature and, accordingly, more dense, which insulates the channel walls and other parts of the chamber. Plasma-forming gas (steam) enters the discharge channel at an angle to its wall and then forms a vortex there. Due to this, the material in the chamber is heated to its melting point. When firing clinker, the melt temperature reaches 2000-2100 ⁰ C.

When the melt level rises above the coil 11, voltage is applied to its winding. The walls of the chamber are made of non-magnetic material, for example, steel containing a large amount of nickel, chromium and titanium. Formed as a result of the passage of current through the coil, the electromagnetic field acts on the melt, which in the liquid state becomes conductive. Due to this, the melt is rotated (mixed) in a horizontal plane to evacuate solid raw materials from under the electrodes and move it to the arc burning zone and to the channels 12 for removing the binder melt in one direction (arrows shown in Fig. 2) simultaneously in both compartments. Inductive current maintains the temperature achieved (due to the arc discharge) level. When gaining a certain mass of the melt and heating the electrodes inside the chamber above 1000 ⁰ C, the material is fed through the cavity of the electrodes 2,3. Moreover, in the electrode 2, the raw material is poured from the shelf to the shelf 5, which are heated to a temperature close to the temperature of the electrode. With a relatively slow (compared to a vertical fall) movement of the material and direct contact with the heated surface of the shelves, heat is transferred from the shelves to the material and the last (preheated) brought to a temperature dissociation of carbonates, falls on the surface of the melt and melts at a higher speed, because in this case, exothermal reactions are already taking place with heat evolution. At the same time, the productivity of the melting chamber is increased. The same process of heating the raw material occurs in the electrode 3, but in this case, heating occurs when the material moves along a helical surface. As a result of mixing the melt due to the rotating magnetic field created by the three-phase coil, the melt is homogenized, which actively contributes to an increase in the productivity of the installation and an increase in the quality of the main product, for example, cement clinker.

The mixing speed is set by the rate of change of the magnetic field and depends on the frequency and power of the alternating current. The mixing speed is regulated depending on the viscosity of the melt, and the latter on its temperature. When melting the mixture to obtain a cement clinker, which contains a small amount of rare metals, some of them whose melting point is slightly higher than the clinker melt (except for tungsten and molybdenum) are deposited in the bottom part 9 of chamber 1 above the valves 10 and are periodically released into the molds. The deposition of metals is due to the fact that their density is at least two times higher than the clinker melt.

Pairs of easily combustible rare metals (e.g. lithium), together with carbon dioxide released as a result of decarbonization of the carbonate components of the clinker charge, fly out under the action of the vacuum generated in channel 7 into special separation devices, where the metal oxide pairs are condensed, and carbon dioxide can be used to produce dry ice or a special supercharger is again introduced into the reactor through electrodes. Sublimates of metal oxides are transferred for further processing to obtain a conditioned product. Four side feeders 13, through channels 14, located in the walls of the chamber 1 at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt for introducing the raw material charge (10% of the total amount of furnace feed), resulting in the periphery molten mirror forms a skull 15 in the form of conical slopes, excluding thermochemical corrosion of the lining.

One upper feeder 13 for supplying raw material to the vertical hollow partition 17 for cooling the latter and the material to exit through the horizontal slotted holes 19 along the guides and create an additional skull 20 in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror preventing burnout of the walls of the partition 17. There is a hollow partition 17 an arc hole 18 located above the surface of the melt.

The clinker melt is poured periodically or continuously (upon coordinated input of raw materials into the chamber 1) into a granulator to utilize the heat of the melt and granulate it. The granulator is made in the form of metal cylinders 16, which are rotated around their axis in opposite directions from each other, water-cooled from the inside.

(To reduce the viscosity of the clinker melt during periodic discharge, the coil 11 can be moved to the area of the channel 12).

The cooled clinker is passed to the grinders to obtain cement.

Thus, the proposed device, due to the high utilization rate, allows to increase productivity, and due to active mixing and regulation of the cooling rate of the melt - the quality, variety of properties of finished products. At the same time, the design of the reactor allows to obtain by-products in the form of their melt and sublimates.

Claims

Claim 1. Plasma reactor - separator for the simultaneous production of a melt of refractory metallic materials and refractory non-metallic materials and sublimates, containing a chamber with a cylindrical body, rod hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper sealed cover, heat-exchange elements are made in the form of inclined overflow shelves that delay falling raw material mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, the heat exchange elements are made in the form of a screw, delaying the fall of the raw material, cured in the cavity of the electrodes, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates located in a sealed cover, openings for removing the melt of refractory metal materials in the bottom of the chamber, upper and lower electromagnetic coils, covering the chamber and located one above the other along its height, the upper coil connected to the drive for its movement relative to the longitudinal and transverse sections of the cylindrical body of the chamber, a channel for outputting a melt of refractory non-metallic materials, located between the hole for outputting the melt of refractory metal materials and the lower coil, the rollers and the ring, the ring being made with a variable height relative to its lower surface with the formation of a carbon track on its upper surface in contact with the lower plane of the upper coil through the rollers, and the lower surface of the ring is supported on a series of rollers, one of which is leading and connected to the drive of the upper coil, providing the ring with rotational movement relative to it, four lateral SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) feeder with channels for introducing part of the dry raw material and creating a skull on the lining in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror, while the channels are located at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt, a granulator for cooling and granulation the melt of refractory non-metallic materials made in the form of metal cylinders water-cooled from the inside, rotating around its axis in opposite directions relative to each other, from ichayuschiysya in that it is provided with a longitudinal hollow, internally cooled raw material, the partition separating the chamber along the entire length into two equal parts. 2. The plasma reactor-separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow baffle is provided with horizontal slotted openings for material exit and the creation of an additional skull in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror. 3. The plasma reactor-separator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with rod hollow electrodes, the lower ends of which are in the melt. 4. The plasma reactor-separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the baffle is provided with an opening for the arc located above the melt surface and rotating the latter in a horizontal plane to evacuate solid raw materials from under the electrode and move it to the arc burning zone. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)