WO2006052165A9 - Plasma reactor-separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can be used for the cement, chemical and metallurgical industries. The inventive plasma reactor-separator for simultaneously producing the melt of high-melting metal and non-metal materials and fumes comprises a longitudinal hollow partition (17) which is refrigerated from the inside thereof by a raw material and divides a chamber (1) into two equal parts. Said partition is provided with horizontal slit-type openings for material discharging and for additional kish (20) formation in the form of conical slopes on a heel of metal boundaries. Said reactor also comprises hollow stick electrodes (2, 3) whose lower ends are introduced into the melt. The partition (17) is provided with an arc hole which is arranged above the melt surface. Coils (11) make it possible to rotate the melt on a horizontal plane by means of electromagnetic forces for removing a solid raw material from under the electrode and for moving said material in the arcing area. Said invention makes it possible to substantially increase the operational reliability and service life of electrodes, to increase the reactor performance, improve a final product quality and to reduce energy consumption.

Description

 Plasma Reactor Separator

The invention relates to electric arc plasma reactors for the simultaneous production of melt refractory, metallic and non-metallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of artificial binding cement clinkers having a high degree of melt viscosity and associated non-ferrous metals and can be used in the cement, chemical industry and metallurgy. Plasma reactor - separator for simultaneous melting of refractory metal materials and refractory nonmetallic materials and sublimates, containing a chamber with a cylindrical body, rod hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through the upper hermetic cover, heat exchanging elements made in the form of inclined pouring shelves, which delay the fall of raw material mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, heat exchange elements are made in the form of a screw, delaying the fall of the raw material; in the cavity of the electrodes, a channel for evacuating off-gases and sublimates, located in an airtight lid, openings for withdrawing a melt of refractory metal materials in the bottom of the chamber, an electromagnetic coil, channels for withdrawing a melt of a lighter binder (refractory non-metallic materials) located between the openings for the withdrawal of the melt of refractory metallic materials, four side feeders with channels for entering a part of the dry raw material and creating a skull on the lining in Ideally, conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror, the channels are at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the melt surface; a granulator for cooling and melt granulation of refractory non-metallic materials made in the form of water-cooled metal cylinders rotating from the inside its axis in opposite sides relative to each other, longitudinally cooled raw material from the inside, dividing the chamber into two equal parts and passing between core hollow electrodes immersed in the melt, having a through hole for the arc located above the surface of the melt and rotating the latter in a horizontal plane for evacuation solid raw material from under the electrode and moving it into the arc burning zone, the hollow partition is provided with horizontal slotted holes with guides for output of the material and the creation of additional skull in the form of conical slopes on the border of the melt mirror.

The invention allows to significantly increase the reliability of operation and the service life of the electrodes (utilization rate, the lifetime of the continuous operation of the unit as a whole), due to incomplete immersion into the melt, as well as the durability of the partition by cooling the raw material and creating additional skull in the form of conical slopes on the border melt mirrors, increase reactor productivity, quality of the finished product, reduce energy costs, simplify the design.

The alleged invention relates to devices for the simultaneous production of refractory, metallic and non-metallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of clinkers, artificial binders, such as cement clinker, having a high degree of viscosity of the melt and associated alloys of metals and can be used in the cement industry.

A device is known for melting a material, mainly cement clinker, containing a chamber, horizontal solid rod electrodes, holes for waste entry, a hole for steam injection, a hole for exhaust gases (RF Patent Ne 157060 C2 H 05 B 7/00 dated 12.15.1998. "Plasma-Chemical Reactor" (by M.R. Predtechensky)).

The disadvantage of this device is the low resource of the plasma torch (erosion of the electrodes), insufficient processing depth, low productivity of the unit when using industrial waste, the cyclical nature of work.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a plasma reactor for melting material, mainly cement clinker, including a cylindrical chamber, hollow rod electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper lid, openings for introducing reagents in the chamber arch and output to the hearth, two electromagnetic coils , covering the camera and located one above the other at its height (RF patent JN ° 2213792 C22 B 9/22, F 27 B 14/04 of 10.10.2003, Bull. JVfe28, application of 04/19/2002 (authors Y. A. Burlov and others)).

The disadvantage of this device is the rapid wear of the electrodes and the need to stop the unit to replace them.

The basis of the present invention is to improve the reliability, performance of the furnace, the quality of the finished product, reducing energy consumption.

According to the present invention, the problem is solved in that in a plasma reactor for the simultaneous production of melt refractory metallic and non-metallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of clinker, artificial binders in the form of a melt having a high degree of melt viscosity and associated non-ferrous metals, containing a chamber with a cylindrical body, rod hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper hermetic cover, heat exchange elements are made in the form of inclined pereyp 's shelves, delaying the fall of the raw material, mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, the heat exchange elements are in the form of a screw, delaying the fall of the raw material, mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates, located in an airtight lid, openings for conveying a melt of refractory metal materials in the bottom of the chamber, an electromagnetic coil that creates rotation of the melt in a horizontal plane to evacuate solid raw materials from under the electrode and moving it to the arc burning zone, channels for melting the lighter binder (refractory non-metallic materials), melt There are four lateral feeders with channels for entering a part of dry raw material and creating a skull on the lining in the form of conical slopes on the border of the melt mirror and the channels are located at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt, a granulator for cooling and granulation of the melt of refractory non-metallic materials made in the form of water-cooled metal from the inside cylinders rotating around its axis in opposite directions relative to each other, longitudinal raw material cooled from the inside, dividing the chamber into two equal parts along the entire height and passing between the core hollow electrodes immersed in the melt, an arc hole in the partition located above the melt surface, the hollow partition is provided with horizontal slit openings with guides to exit the material and create additional skull in the form of conical slopes on the walls Itza melt mirror.

The plasma reactor separator includes (see the drawing of Fig.l) a water-cooled cylindrical chamber 1, rod hollow graphite electrodes 2 and 3, passing into the chamber 1 through its upper lid 4, and in their cavities are mounted, delaying the fall of the raw material heat exchange elements are made in the form of inclined pouring shelves 5. At the same time, for simplicity, the electrode is rectangular in cross section of the form, and the shelves can be inserted into holes in the walls of the rod. Electrode 3 in its cavity may have an element in the form of a screw 6 that inhibits the fall of the raw material. The cover 4 is also equipped with a channel 7 for evacuating waste gases, including sublimates of non-ferrous metals, and a tap 8 for introducing fiery liquid slags.

In the bottom part 9 of the chamber 1 is placed a valve 10, covering the entrance to the output of the molten metal. An electromagnetic coil 11 is mounted that encloses the chamber 1. Between the valves 10 for the removal of the metal melt there are two channels 12 with a shut-off valve for the output of the melt binders, for example cement clinker. (The closing channel, the valve is conventionally not shown).

Four side feeders 13 and one upper feeder 13 (see drawing 2 and 1) to enter the raw material charge (10% of the total amount of furnace power) through channel 14 located in the walls of chamber 1, at an angle of 90 ° on one horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt, as a result, a skull 15 in the form of conical slopes forms on the melt mirror.

Under the channels 12, metallic, long cylinders 16 are installed, rotating around their axis in opposite directions from each other, water-cooled from the inside, which play the role of heat exchange and granulation of the melt binders. Between the core-hollow electrodes 2 and 3 immersed in the melt there passes a hollow partition 17, which is cooled from the inside by longitudinal raw materials, which divides the chamber into two equal parts along the entire height. In the hollow partition 17 there is a hole 18 for the arc located above the surface of the melt. The hollow partition 17 is provided with horizontal slotted holes 19 with guides for exit of the material and the creation of an additional skull 20 in the form of conical slopes on the border of the melt mirror.

The plasma reactor-separator works as follows: Side feeders 13 through channel 14 located in the walls of chamber I ₅ at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt to create a skull lining from the material itself at the boundary of the melt mirror, a dry raw material charge is introduced; as a result, a skull is formed in the form of conical slopes on the melt mirror, thereby eliminating the thermochemical corrosion of the lining. The injected, dry raw material mixture in chamber 1 contains, in the calculated quantity, chemical compounds that, when melted, provide artificial binders, for example, cement clinker.

When used as a raw material, waste, for example, chemical production, as well as waste of metallurgical production in the form of fiery liquid slag, waste contains a certain amount of non-ferrous metals. Fiery liquid slags with a temperature of up to 1800 ⁰ C are fed by a feeder 8 through a channel located in the wall of chamber 1. However, additional heat comes in, dramatically reducing energy costs and increasing the productivity of the melting chamber and the quality of cement clinkers.

The ends of the electrodes inside the chamber are immersed in the melt to a depth of 50 cm., Below the coil 11, a controlled voltage is applied. Before starting the plasma reactor, metal scrap is loaded into the chambers. The arc ignites between these chambers and passes into the cylindrical through hole 18 of the partition with a metal conductor located in it, one end of which is connected to the chamber, melts together with the metal filling the chamber, and the other end, to which the electrical voltage supply contacts are connected, remains in solid condition. To stabilize the arc discharge, the plasma-forming gas (pair) is rotated to form a vortex. The vortex must be such that between the electric arc and the wall of the discharge channel a plasma-forming gas layer (vapor) with a lower temperature is formed and, accordingly, a more dense layer that isolates the channel walls and other parts of the chamber. The plasma-forming gas (vapor) enters the discharge channel at an angle to its wall and then forms a vortex there. Due to this, the material in the chamber is heated to the melting temperature. During clinker burning, the temperature of the melt reaches 2000-2100 ^° C.

When the level of the melt rises above the coil 11, voltage is applied to its winding. The walls of the chamber are made of non-magnetic material, for example, steel containing a large amount of nickel, chromium and titanium. The resulting electromagnetic field affects the melt as a result of the passage of current through the coil, which in a liquid state becomes conductive. Due to this, rotation occurs (mixing) of the melt in the horizontal plane for evacuation of solid raw materials from under the electrodes and moving it into the arc burning zone and to the channels 12 for outputting the melting binders in one direction (arrows are shown in figure 2) in both compartments simultaneously. Inductive current maintains the temperature at the level achieved (due to the arc discharge). When accumulating a certain mass of the melt and heating the electrodes inside the chamber above 1000 ⁰ C, the material is fed through the cavities of the electrodes 2,3. In this case, in the electrode 2, the raw material is poured from the shelf to the shelf 5, which are heated to a temperature close to the temperature of the electrode. With a relatively slow (compared with a vertical drop) movement of the material and direct contact with the heated surface of the shelves, heat is transferred from the shelves to the material and the latter (preheated) brought to a temperature dissociation of carbonates, gets to the surface of the melt and melts with greater speed, because in this case, exothermic reactions take place with the release of heat. At the same time, the performance of the melting chamber increases. The same process of heating the raw material occurs in the electrode 3, but in this case, the heating occurs when the material moves along the helical surface. As a result of melt mixing, due to the rotating magnetic field created by a three-phase coil, the melt is homogenized, which actively contributes to an increase in the productivity of the plant and to an increase in the quality of the main products, for example, cement clinker.

The mixing speed is determined by the rate of change of the magnetic field and depends on the frequency and power of the alternating current. The mixing speed is regulated depending on the viscosity of the melt, and the latter - on its temperature. When the mixture is melted to obtain cement clinker, which contains a small amount of rare metals, some of them, the melting point of which is slightly higher than the clinker melt (except tungsten and molybdenum) settle in the bottom 9 of chamber 1 above the valves 10 and are periodically released into molds. The deposition of metals is due to the fact that their density is at least twice as high as the clinker melt.

Couples of easily recoverable rare metals (for example, lithium), together with carbon dioxide emitted as a result of decarbonization of the carbonate components of the clinker charge, fly out under the action of a vacuum created in channel 7 into special separation devices, where vapors of metal oxides condense, and carbon dioxide can be used to produce dry ice or a special supercharger is reintroduced into the reactor through the electrodes. Sublimates of metal oxides are transferred for further processing to obtain a conditioned product. Four side feeders 13, through channels 14 located in the walls of chamber 1 at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt to enter the raw material mixture (10% of the total ¹ feed quantity of the furnace), resulting in a skull 15 is formed in the periphery of the melt mirror in the form of conical slopes, which excludes thermochemical corrosion of the lining.

One upper feeder 13 for feeding the raw material into the vertical hollow partition 17 for cooling the latter and for exiting the material through the horizontal slit holes 19 along the guides and creating an additional crust 20 in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror prevents the burnout of the walls of the partition 17. There are in the hollow partition 17 hole 18 for the arc located above the surface of the melt.

The clinker melt periodically or continuously (with a consistent input into the chamber 1 of raw materials) is poured into the granulator for utilization of the heat of the melt and its granulation. The granulator is made in the form of rotating around its axis in opposite directions from each other, water-cooled metal cylinders 16 from the inside.

(To reduce the viscosity of the clinker melt during periodic draining, the coil 11 can be moved to the channel 12 zone).

The cooled clinker is transferred to the grinders to produce cement.

Thus, the proposed device, due to the high utilization rate, allows to increase productivity, and due to active mixing and regulation of the melt cooling rate - the quality, variety of properties of the finished products. However, the constructive implementation of the reactor allows to obtain by-products in the form of their melt and sublimates.

Claims

Claim 1. Plasma reactor - separator for simultaneous melting of refractory metal materials and refractory non-metallic materials and sublimates, containing a chamber with a cylindrical body, rod hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through the upper hermetic cover, heat exchanging elements made in the form of inclined pouring shelves that delay the fall raw material, mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, the heat exchange elements are made in the form of a screw, which delays the fall of the raw material; imbedded in the cavity of the electrodes, a channel for evacuating waste gases and sublimates, located in an airtight lid, openings for withdrawing a melt of refractory metal materials in the bottom of the chamber, upper and lower electromagnetic coils, covering the chamber and one above the other along its height, with the upper coil connected to the drive to move it relative to the longitudinal and cross-section of the cylindrical body of the chamber, the channel for the withdrawal of the melt of refractory non-metallic materials, located between the hole for the withdrawal of the melt of refractory metal materials and the lower coil, the rollers and the ring, the ring is made with a variable height relative to its lower surface with the formation of a copier track on its upper surface that contacts the lower plane of the upper coil by means of rollers, and the lower surface of the ring is supported a number of rollers, one of which is leading and connected to the drive of the upper coil, providing a ring rotational movement relative to it, four side SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) feeder with channels for entering a part of dry raw material and creating a skull on the lining in the form of conical slopes at the border of the melt mirror; the channels are at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt, granulator for cooling and granulation melt of refractory non-metallic materials made in the form of metal cylinders that are water-cooled from the inside, rotating around their axis in opposite directions relative to each other, from ichayuschiysya in that it is provided with a longitudinal hollow, internally cooled raw material, the partition separating the chamber along the entire length into two equal parts. 2. Plasma reactor-separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow partition is provided with horizontal slit openings for the material to exit and to create an additional skull in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror. 3. Plasma reactor-separator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with rod hollow electrodes, the lower ends of which are in the melt. 4. Plasma reactor-separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition is provided with a hole for the arc located above the surface of the melt and rotation of the latter in the horizontal plane to evacuate the solid raw material from under the electrode and transfer it to the arc burning zone. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)