RU2277598C1 - Plasma reactor - separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric arc plasma reactors for simultaneous production of melt of refractory, metallic and non-metallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of clinkers, artificial binders with high viscosity of melt and associated non-ferrous metals, possibly in cement making, chemical industry branch and metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: plasma reactor - separator includes lengthwise hollow partition cooled inside by means of raw material and separating chamber along the whole length by two equal parts. In partition there are horizontal slit openings for material discharging and for creating additional lining slag in the form of cone slopes in boundary of metal heel. Partition also includes opening for electric arc arranged over surface of melt rotating in horizontal plane and designed for evacuating hard raw material from under electrodes and for moving it to zone of electric arc burning. Invention provides improved operational reliability, increased useful life period of electrodes as they are only partially immersed to melt, enhanced strength of partition due to cooling it by means of raw material and due to creation of additional lining slag.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of reactor, improved quality of ready product, lowered power consumption, simplified design of reactor.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electric arc plasma reactors for the simultaneous production of a melt of refractory, metallic and nonmetallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of artificial binder clinkers having a high degree of melt viscosity and associated non-ferrous metals, and can be used in cement, chemical industry and metallurgy.

Plasma reactor-separator for simultaneous production of a melt of refractory metallic materials and refractory non-metallic materials and sublimates, containing a chamber with a cylindrical body, rod hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper sealed cover, heat-exchange elements are made in the form of inclined overflow shelves that delay the fall of raw material mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, the heat exchange elements are made in the form of a screw, delaying the fall of raw material, mounted baths in the electrode cavities, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates located in a sealed cover, openings for discharging a melt of refractory metallic materials in the bottom of the chamber, an electromagnetic coil, channels for discharging a melt of lighter binder (refractory non-metallic materials) located between the openings for outputting a melt of refractory metal materials, four side feeders with channels for introducing part of the dry raw material and creating a skull on the lining in e conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror, while the channels are located at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the melt surface, a granulator for cooling and granulating the melt of refractory non-metallic materials made in the form of water-cooled metal cylinders rotating inside around its axis in opposite directions relative to each other, a longitudinal partition cooled from the inside by raw material, dividing the chamber along the entire length by two equal parts and passing between the hollow rod electrodes immersed in the melt, having a through hole for the arc, located above the surface of the melt and rotating the latter in a horizontal plane to evacuate solid raw materials from under the electrode and move it to the arc burning zone, the hollow partition is equipped with horizontal slot holes with guides for the exit of the material and the creation of an additional skull in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror.

The invention allows to significantly increase the reliability and durability of the electrodes (utilization rate, duration of the continuous operation of the unit as a whole) due to their incomplete immersion in the melt, as well as the stability of the partition due to cooling with raw material and the creation of an additional skull in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the mirror melt, increase the productivity of the reactor, the quality of the finished product, reduce energy consumption, simplify the design.

The present invention relates to devices for the simultaneous production of refractory, metallic and non-metallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of artificial binder clinkers, for example cement clinker, having a high degree of melt viscosity and related metal alloys, and can be used in the cement industry.

A device for melting a material, mainly cement clinker, is known, comprising a chamber, horizontal solid rod electrodes, openings for introducing waste, an opening for introducing steam, an opening for discharging exhaust gases (RF Patent No. 157060 C2, H 05 V 7/00 of December 15, 1998 "Plasma-chemical reactor" (author M.R.Predtechensky)).

The disadvantage of this device is the low resource of the plasma torch (erosion of the electrodes), insufficient processing depth, low productivity of the unit when using industrial waste, the cyclicity of work.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a plasma reactor for melting the material, mainly cement clinker, including a cylindrical chamber, hollow rod electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper cover, holes for reagent entry in the chamber vault and outlet in the hearth, two electromagnetic coils covering the camera and located one above the other in its height (RF patent No. 2213792, C 22 V 9/22, F 27 B 14/04 dated 10/10/2003 Bull. No. 28, application dated 04/19/2002 (authors Yu.A. Burlov et al.)).

The disadvantage of this device is the rapid wear of the electrodes and the need to stop the unit to replace them.

The present invention is based on the task of improving the reliability of operation, furnace productivity, quality of the finished product, reducing energy consumption.

According to the invention, the problem is solved in that in a plasma reactor for the simultaneous production of a melt of refractory metallic and nonmetallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of clinker, artificial binders in the form of a melt having a high degree of melt viscosity and accompanying non-ferrous metals, containing a rod with a cylindrical body hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper sealed cover; heat-exchange elements are made in the form of inclined of shelves that prevent the fall of raw materials, heat exchange elements mounted in the cavity of the electrodes are made in the form of a screw that holds back the fall of raw materials, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates located in a sealed lid, openings for discharging a melt of refractory metal materials in the bottom of the chamber, electromagnetic a coil creating a rotation of the melt in the horizontal plane to evacuate solid raw materials from under the electrode and move it to the arc burning zone, channels for output melt of a lighter binder (refractory non-metallic materials) located between the holes for outputting the melt of refractory metal materials, four side feeders with channels for introducing part of the dry raw material and creating a skull on the lining in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror, while the channels are located at an angle of 90 ° on one horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt, a granulator for cooling and granulation of the melt hot-melt non-metallic materials made in the form of metal cylinders water-cooled from the inside, rotating on their axis in opposite directions relative to each other, a longitudinal partition cooled from the inside by raw material, dividing the chamber along the entire height into two equal parts and passing between the rod hollow electrodes immersed in the melt, an opening for an arc in a partition located above the surface of the melt, the hollow partition is provided with horizontal slotted holes with guides to exit the material and create an additional skull in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror.

The plasma reactor-separator includes (see Fig. 1) a water-cooled cylindrical chamber 1, rod hollow graphite electrodes 2 and 3, passing into the chamber 1 through its upper cover 4, and heat-exchange elements made in the form of delaying the fall of raw material are mounted in their cavities, made in the form inclined overflow shelves 5. In this case, for ease of execution, the electrode is made rectangular in cross-sectional shape, and the shelves can be inserted into holes in the walls of the rod. The electrode 3 in its cavity may have an element preventing the fall of the raw material in the form of a screw 6. The cover 4 is also provided with a channel 7 for evacuating the exhaust gases, including sublimates of non-ferrous metals and letka 8 for introducing fire-liquid slag.

In the bottom part 9 of the chamber 1 there is a valve 10, which covers the notch for the output of the molten metal. An electromagnetic coil 11 is installed, covering the chamber 1. Between the valves 10 for outputting the metal melt, two channels 12 are placed with a shut-off valve for outputting the melt of binders, for example, cement clinker. (The locking channel, the valve is conditionally not shown.)

Four side feeders 13 and one upper feeder 13 (see FIGS. 2 and 1) for introducing a raw material charge (10% of the total furnace power supply) through a channel 14 located in the walls of the chamber 1, at an angle of 90 ° on one horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt, as a result, a skull 15 is formed on the melt mirror in the form of conical slopes.

Under the channels 12, metal long cylinders 16 are installed, rotating around their axis in opposite directions from each other, water-cooled from the inside, performing the role of heat transfer and granulation of the melt binders. Between the rod hollow electrodes 2 and 3 immersed in the melt, a longitudinal hollow baffle 17, which is cooled from the inside with raw material, passes, dividing the chamber into two equal parts over the entire height. In the hollow partition 17 there is an opening 18 for the arc located above the surface of the melt. The hollow partition 17 is provided with horizontal slit openings 19 (Fig. 3) with guides for the exit of the material and the creation of an additional skull 20 in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror.

The plasma reactor separator operates as follows.

The side feeders 13 along the channel 14 located in the walls of the chamber 1, at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the melt surface to create a skull lining of the material itself, a dry raw charge is introduced at the boundary of the melt mirror, resulting in a skull in the form of conical slopes on the melt mirror, thereby eliminating thermochemical corrosion of the lining. The dry raw feed mixture introduced into the chamber 1 contains, in an estimated amount, chemical compounds that provide artificial binders, for example, cement clinker, when melted.

When using waste materials, for example, chemical industries, as well as metallurgical industry waste in the form of liquid-liquid slag, they contain a certain amount of non-ferrous metals. Flame-liquid slag with a temperature of up to 1800 ° C is fed by a feeder 8 through a channel located in the wall of the chamber 1. At the same time, additional heat enters, sharply reducing energy costs and increasing the productivity of the melting chamber and the quality of cement clinkers.

The ends of the electrodes inside the chamber are immersed in the melt to a depth of 50 cm, below the coil 11, a controlled voltage is applied. Before starting the plasma reactor, metal scrap is loaded into the chambers. An arc is ignited between these chambers and passes into a cylindrical through hole 18 of the partition with a metal conductor located in it, one end of which, connected to the chamber, melts together with the metal filling the chamber, and the second end, to which the contacts are connected to supply voltage, remains in solid state. To stabilize the arc discharge, a plasma-forming gas (pair) is imparted rotation with the formation of a vortex. The vortex should be such that between the electric arc and the wall of the discharge channel a layer of plasma-forming gas (vapor) is formed with a lower temperature and, accordingly, more dense, which insulates the channel walls and other parts of the chamber. Plasma-forming gas (steam) enters the discharge channel at an angle to its wall and then forms a vortex there. Due to this, the material in the chamber is heated to its melting point. When firing clinker, the melt temperature reaches 2000-2100 ° C.

When the melt level rises above the coil 11, voltage is applied to its winding. The walls of the chamber are made of non-magnetic material, for example steel, containing a large amount of nickel, chromium and titanium. The electromagnetic field generated as a result of the passage of current through the coil acts on the melt, which in the liquid state becomes conductive. Due to this, the melt rotates (mixes) in a horizontal plane to evacuate solid raw materials from under the electrodes and move it to the arc burning zone and to channels 12 to remove the binder melt in one direction (arrows shown in Fig. 2) simultaneously in both compartments . Inductive current maintains the temperature achieved (due to the arc discharge) level. When a certain mass of the melt is collected and the electrodes are heated inside the chamber above 1000 ° С, the material is supplied through the cavities of the electrodes 2, 3. In this case, in the electrode 2, the raw material is poured from the shelf to the shelf 5, which are heated to a temperature close to the temperature of the electrode. With a relatively slow (compared to a vertical fall) movement of the material and direct contact with the heated surface of the shelves, heat is transferred from the shelves to the material, and the last (preheated), brought to the dissociation temperature of carbonates, enters the melt surface and melts at a higher speed, t .to. in this case, exothermal reactions are already taking place with heat evolution. In this case, the productivity of the melting chamber is increased. The same process of heating the raw material occurs in the electrode 3, but in this case, heating occurs when the material moves along a helical surface. As a result of mixing the melt due to the rotating magnetic field created by the three-phase coil, the melt is homogenized, which actively contributes to an increase in the productivity of the installation and an increase in the quality of the main product, for example, cement clinker. The mixing speed is set by the rate of change of the magnetic field and depends on the frequency and power of the alternating current. The mixing speed is regulated depending on the viscosity of the melt, and the latter on its temperature. When melting the mixture to obtain a cement clinker, which contains a small amount of rare metals, some of them whose melting point is slightly higher than the clinker melt (except for tungsten and molybdenum) are deposited in the bottom part 9 of the chamber 1 above the valves 10 and are periodically released into the molds. The deposition of metals is due to the fact that their density is at least two times higher than the clinker melt.

Pairs of easily combustible rare metals (for example, lithium), together with carbon dioxide released as a result of decarbonization of the carbonate components of the clinker charge, fly out under the action of the vacuum generated in channel 7 into special separation devices, where the metal oxide pairs condense, and carbon dioxide can be used for receiving dry ice or a special supercharger is again introduced into the reactor through electrodes. Sublimates of metal oxides are transferred for further processing to obtain a conditioned product.

Four side feeders 13 through channels 14 located in the walls of the chamber 1 at an angle of 90 ° on the same horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the surface of the melt to enter the raw material charge (10% of the total amount of furnace power), resulting in the periphery of the mirror the melt forms a skull 15 in the form of conical slopes, excluding thermochemical corrosion of the lining.

One upper feeder 13 for supplying raw material to the vertical hollow partition 17 for cooling the latter and the material to exit through the horizontal slotted holes 19 along the guides and create an additional skull 20 in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror, preventing burnout of the walls of the partition 17. In the hollow partition 17 there is an opening 18 for the arc located above the surface of the melt.

The clinker melt is poured periodically or continuously (upon coordinated input of raw materials into the chamber 1) into a granulator to utilize the heat of the melt and granulate it. The granulator is made in the form of metal cylinders 16, water-cooled from the inside, rotating around its axis in opposite directions from each other.

(To reduce the viscosity of the clinker melt during periodic discharge, the coil 11 can be moved to the area of the channel 12.)

The cooled clinker is passed to the grinders to obtain cement.

Thus, the proposed device due to the high utilization rate allows to increase productivity, and due to active mixing and regulation of the cooling rate of the melt - the quality, variety of properties of finished products. However, the design of the reactor allows to obtain by-products in the form of their melt and sublimates.

Claims (1)

Plasma reactor-separator for the simultaneous production of a melt of refractory metallic materials and refractory non-metallic materials and sublimates, containing a chamber with a cylindrical body, rod hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper airtight cover, heat exchange elements in the form of inclined overflow shelves and auger, delaying the fall of raw materials material and mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates located in a sealed cover, openings for An ode to the melt of refractory metal materials in the bottom of the chamber, an upper and lower electromagnetic coil covering the chamber and located one above the other along its height, the upper coil being connected to the drive to move it relative to the longitudinal and transverse sections of the cylindrical body of the chamber, a channel for outputting the melt of refractory non-metallic materials located between the hole for outputting the melt of refractory metal materials and the lower coil, rollers and a ring, moreover, the ring is made o with a variable height relative to its lower surface with the formation of a carbon track on its upper surface in contact with the lower plane of the upper coil by means of rollers, and the lower surface of the ring is supported by a series of rollers, one of which is leading and connected to the drive of the upper coil, providing the ring with a rotary movement relative to it, four side feeders with channels for introducing part of the dry raw material and creating a skull on the lining in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the mirror melt and, while the channels are located at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the melt surface, a granulator for cooling and granulating the melt of refractory non-metallic materials, made in the form of water-cooled metal cylinders inside, rotating around its axis in opposite directions relative to each other, characterized in that it is provided with a longitudinal, hollow, internally cooled raw material partition, dividing the chamber along the entire height by two equal parts and passing between the hollow rod electrodes immersed in the melt, with horizontal slotted openings for material exit and the creation of an additional skull in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror and an arc hole located above the surface of the melt rotating in the horizontal plane for evacuation solid raw materials from under the electrodes and moving it into the arc burning zone.

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