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WO2006052165A2 - Reacteur-separateur au plasma - Google Patents

Reacteur-separateur au plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006052165A2
WO2006052165A2 PCT/RU2005/000554 RU2005000554W WO2006052165A2 WO 2006052165 A2 WO2006052165 A2 WO 2006052165A2 RU 2005000554 W RU2005000554 W RU 2005000554W WO 2006052165 A2 WO2006052165 A2 WO 2006052165A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
melt
chamber
raw material
electrodes
plasma reactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2005/000554
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Other versions
WO2006052165B1 (fr
WO2006052165A3 (fr
WO2006052165A9 (fr
Inventor
Jury Aleksandrovich Burlov
Ivan Jurievich Burlov
Aleksandr Jurievich Burlov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2006052165A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006052165A2/fr
Publication of WO2006052165A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006052165A3/fr
Publication of WO2006052165B1 publication Critical patent/WO2006052165B1/fr
Publication of WO2006052165A9 publication Critical patent/WO2006052165A9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C22B9/226—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by electric discharge, e.g. plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/20—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment
    • F27D3/1536—Devices for plugging tap holes, e.g. plugs stoppers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electric arc plasma reactors for the simultaneous production of a melt of refractory, metallic and nonmetallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of artificial binder clinkers having a high degree of melt viscosity and associated non-ferrous metals and can be used in cement, chemical industry and metallurgy.
  • Plasma reactor - separator for simultaneous production of a melt of refractory metallic materials and refractory non-metallic materials and sublimates containing a chamber with a cylindrical body, rod hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper airtight cover, heat-exchange elements are made in the form of inclined overflow shelves that delay the fall of raw material mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, the heat exchange elements are made in the form of a screw, delaying the fall of raw material, In the cavities of the electrodes, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates located in a sealed cover, openings for discharging a melt of refractory metal materials in the bottom of the chamber, an electromagnetic coil, channels for discharging a melt of a lighter binder (refractory non-metallic materials) located between the openings for outputting the melt of refractory metal materials, four side feeders with channels for introducing part of the dry raw material and creating a skull on the lining in de conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror while the channels are located
  • the invention allows to significantly increase the reliability and durability of the electrodes (utilization rate, duration of the resource of continuous operation of the unit as a whole), due to their incomplete immersion in the melt, as well as the stability of the partition due to cooling with raw material and the creation of an additional skull in the form of conical slopes at the border Melt mirrors, increase reactor productivity, finished product quality, reduce energy consumption, simplify the design.
  • the alleged invention relates to devices for the simultaneous production of refractory, metallic and non-metallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of artificial binder clinkers, for example cement clinker, having a high degree of melt viscosity and related metal alloys and can be used in the cement industry.
  • a device for melting a material mainly cement clinker, comprising a chamber, horizontal solid rod electrodes, openings for introducing waste, an opening for introducing steam, an opening for discharging exhaust gases (RF Patent N ° 157060 C2 H 05 B 7/00 of December 15, 1998 "Plasma-chemical reactor” (author M.R. Predtechensky)).
  • the disadvantage of this device is the low resource of the plasma torch (erosion of the electrodes), insufficient processing depth, low productivity of the unit when using industrial waste, the cyclicity of work.
  • a plasma reactor for melting the material mainly cement clinker, including a cylindrical chamber, hollow rod electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper cover, openings for introducing reagents in the chamber vault and outlet in the hearth, two electromagnetic coils covering the camera and located one above the other in its height (RF patent JCH ° 2213792 C22 B 9/22, F 27 B 14/04 dated 10/10/2003 Bul. j ⁇ ° 28, application dated 04/19/2002 ( authors Yu.A. Burlov et al.)).
  • the present invention is based on the task of improving the reliability of operation, furnace productivity, quality of the finished product, reducing energy consumption.
  • the problem is solved in that in a plasma reactor for the simultaneous production of a melt of refractory metallic and nonmetallic materials and sublimates, mainly special types of clinker, artificial binders in the form of a melt having a high degree of melt viscosity and associated non-ferrous metals, containing a chamber with a cylindrical body, rod hollow electrodes passing into the chamber through its upper sealed cover, heat exchange elements are made in the form of inclined 's shelves, delaying the fall of the raw material, mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, the heat exchange elements are -A- in the form of a screw, delaying the fall of raw material, mounted in the cavity of the electrodes, a channel for evacuating exhaust gases and sublimates located in a sealed cover, holes for removing the melt of refractory metal materials in the bottom of the chamber, an electromagnetic coil creating a rotation of the melt in a horizontal plane for the evacuation of solid raw materials from under the electrode and moving it to the arc burning zone, channels for removing the melt
  • the plasma reactor-separator includes (see the drawing of Fig. L) a water-cooled cylindrical chamber 1, rod hollow graphite electrodes 2 and 3, passing into the chamber 1 through its upper cover 4, and mounted in their cavities, which delay the fall of raw material heat-exchange elements made in the form of inclined overflow shelves 5. Moreover, for simplicity of execution, the electrode is rectangular in cross-sectional shape, and shelves can be inserted into holes in the walls of the rod.
  • the electrode 3 in its cavity may have an element in the form of a screw 6 preventing the fall of the raw material.
  • the cover 4 is also provided with a channel 7 for evacuating the exhaust gases, including sublimates of non-ferrous metals and letka 8 for introducing fire-liquid slag.
  • valve 10 In the bottom part 9 of the chamber 1 there is a valve 10, which covers the notch for the output of the molten metal.
  • An electromagnetic coil 11 is installed, covering the chamber 1.
  • two channels 12 are placed with a shut-off valve for outputting the melt of binders, for example, cement clinker. (Locking channel, valve conditionally not shown).
  • a longitudinal hollow baffle 17 which is cooled from the inside with raw material, passes, dividing the chamber into two equal parts over the entire height.
  • an opening 18 for the arc located above the surface of the melt.
  • the hollow partition 17 is provided with horizontal slotted holes 19 with guides for exit material and create an additional skull 20 in the form of conical slopes at the boundary of the melt mirror.
  • the plasma reactor-separator operates as follows: Lateral feeders 13 along the channel 14 located in the walls of the chamber 1, at an angle of 90 ° on one horizontal plane relative to each other in the upper part of the chamber above the melt surface to create a skull lining of the material itself at the boundary of the melt mirror, a dry raw material charge is introduced, as a result a skull forms in the form of conical slopes on the melt mirror, thereby eliminating thermochemical corrosion of the lining.
  • the introduced, dry raw material charge into the chamber 1 contains a calculated amount of chemical compounds that, when melted, provide artificial binders, for example, cement clinker.
  • waste When used as raw materials, waste, for example, chemical industries, as well as metallurgical industry waste in the form of liquid-liquid slag, the waste contains a certain amount of non-ferrous metals.
  • Flame-liquid slag with a temperature of up to 1800 0 C is supplied by a feeder 8 through a channel located in the wall of the chamber 1. At the same time, additional heat is supplied, which sharply reduces energy costs and increases the productivity of the melting chamber and the quality of cement clinkers.
  • the ends of the electrodes inside the chamber are immersed in the melt to a depth of 50 cm, below the coil 11, a controlled voltage is applied.
  • metal scrap is loaded into the chambers.
  • An arc is ignited between these chambers and passes into the cylindrical through hole 18 of the partition with a metal conductor located in it, one end of which is connected to the chamber, melts together with the metal filling the chamber, and the second end, to which the contacts are connected to supply voltage, remains in solid state.
  • a plasma-forming gas is given rotation with the formation of a vortex.
  • the vortex should be such that between the electric arc and the wall of the discharge channel a layer of plasma-forming gas (vapor) is formed with a lower temperature and, accordingly, more dense, which insulates the channel walls and other parts of the chamber.
  • Plasma-forming gas (steam) enters the discharge channel at an angle to its wall and then forms a vortex there. Due to this, the material in the chamber is heated to its melting point. When firing clinker, the melt temperature reaches 2000-2100 0 C.
  • the melt level rises above the coil 11, voltage is applied to its winding.
  • the walls of the chamber are made of non-magnetic material, for example, steel containing a large amount of nickel, chromium and titanium.
  • the electromagnetic field acts on the melt, which in the liquid state becomes conductive. Due to this, the melt is rotated (mixed) in a horizontal plane to evacuate solid raw materials from under the electrodes and move it to the arc burning zone and to the channels 12 for removing the binder melt in one direction (arrows shown in Fig. 2) simultaneously in both compartments. Inductive current maintains the temperature achieved (due to the arc discharge) level.
  • the material When gaining a certain mass of the melt and heating the electrodes inside the chamber above 1000 0 C, the material is fed through the cavity of the electrodes 2,3. Moreover, in the electrode 2, the raw material is poured from the shelf to the shelf 5, which are heated to a temperature close to the temperature of the electrode. With a relatively slow (compared to a vertical fall) movement of the material and direct contact with the heated surface of the shelves, heat is transferred from the shelves to the material and the last (preheated) brought to a temperature dissociation of carbonates, falls on the surface of the melt and melts at a higher speed, because in this case, exothermal reactions are already taking place with heat evolution. At the same time, the productivity of the melting chamber is increased.
  • the same process of heating the raw material occurs in the electrode 3, but in this case, heating occurs when the material moves along a helical surface.
  • the melt is homogenized, which actively contributes to an increase in the productivity of the installation and an increase in the quality of the main product, for example, cement clinker.
  • the mixing speed is set by the rate of change of the magnetic field and depends on the frequency and power of the alternating current.
  • the mixing speed is regulated depending on the viscosity of the melt, and the latter on its temperature.
  • Pairs of easily combustible rare metals e.g. lithium
  • carbon dioxide released as a result of decarbonization of the carbonate components of the clinker charge
  • the metal oxide pairs are condensed, and carbon dioxide can be used to produce dry ice or a special supercharger is again introduced into the reactor through electrodes.
  • Sublimates of metal oxides are transferred for further processing to obtain a conditioned product.
  • the clinker melt is poured periodically or continuously (upon coordinated input of raw materials into the chamber 1) into a granulator to utilize the heat of the melt and granulate it.
  • the granulator is made in the form of metal cylinders 16, which are rotated around their axis in opposite directions from each other, water-cooled from the inside.
  • the coil 11 can be moved to the area of the channel 12).
  • the cooled clinker is passed to the grinders to obtain cement.
  • the proposed device due to the high utilization rate, allows to increase productivity, and due to active mixing and regulation of the cooling rate of the melt - the quality, variety of properties of finished products.
  • the design of the reactor allows to obtain by-products in the form of their melt and sublimates.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des réacteurs au plasma à arc électrique servant à produire simultanément des matériaux réfractaires, métalliques et non métalliques fondus et des produits de sublimation, principalement certains types de clinkers artificiels présentant une viscosité de fusion élevée et des métaux non-ferreux associés et peut être utilisée dans l'industrie cimentière et chimique ainsi qu'en métallurgie. Selon cette invention, on peut augmenter considérablement d'une part la fiabilité de fonctionnement et la durée de vie d'électrodes (coefficient d'utilisation et durée de fonctionnement continu d'une machine dans son ensemble) en les plongeant partiellement dans un métal fondu, et d'autre part la résistance d'une paroi en la refroidissant à l'aide d'une matière première et en créant un garnissage supplémentaire sous la forme de plans coniques sur une limite de miroir de matière fondue. Cette invention permet également d'augmenter les performances d'un réacteur, d'améliorer la qualité du produit fini, de réduire la consommation d'énergie et de simplifier la structure du réacteur. Le réacteur-séparateur au plasma de cette invention permettant de produire simultanément des matériaux métalliques réfractaires et des matériaux non métalliques réfractaires fondus et des produits de sublimation, comprend une paroi creuse longitudinale qui est refroidie de l'intérieur par une matière première, qui divise une chambre en deux parties égales sur sa longueur, qui comporte des ouvertures oblongues horizontales servant à évacuer une matière et à créer un garnissage supplémentaire sous la forme de plans coniques sur une limite de miroir de matière fondue, lequel réacteur comprend également des électrodes creuses enrobées dont les extrémités inférieures sont plongées dans la matière fondue, la séparation étant dotée d'un orifice pour l'arc qui est situé au-dessus de la surface de la matière fondue et qui permet de faire tourner celle-ci sur un plan horizontal en vue de l'évacuation d'une matière première solide de la zone située sous l'électrode et de la déplacer vers la zone de brûlure d'arc.
PCT/RU2005/000554 2004-11-11 2005-11-08 Reacteur-separateur au plasma Ceased WO2006052165A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2004132754 2004-11-11
RU2004132754/02A RU2277598C1 (ru) 2004-11-11 2004-11-11 Плазменный реактор-сепаратор

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006052165A2 true WO2006052165A2 (fr) 2006-05-18
WO2006052165A3 WO2006052165A3 (fr) 2006-08-24
WO2006052165B1 WO2006052165B1 (fr) 2006-10-26
WO2006052165A9 WO2006052165A9 (fr) 2006-12-28

Family

ID=36336904

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2005/000554 Ceased WO2006052165A2 (fr) 2004-11-11 2005-11-08 Reacteur-separateur au plasma

Country Status (2)

Country Link
RU (1) RU2277598C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006052165A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2354724C2 (ru) * 2007-01-16 2009-05-10 Юрий Александрович Бурлов Плазменный термодекарбонизатор реактор-сепаратор (тдрс)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE766850A (fr) * 1971-05-07 1971-11-08 Elphiac Sa Four a plasma.
RU2176277C1 (ru) * 2000-12-28 2001-11-27 Бурлов Юрий Александрович Плазменный реактор
RU2213792C1 (ru) * 2002-04-19 2003-10-10 Бурлов Юрий Александрович Плазменный реактор-сепаратор

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006052165B1 (fr) 2006-10-26
WO2006052165A3 (fr) 2006-08-24
RU2004132754A (ru) 2006-05-10
RU2277598C1 (ru) 2006-06-10
WO2006052165A9 (fr) 2006-12-28

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