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WO1991008603A1 - Bougie d'allumage amelioree - Google Patents

Bougie d'allumage amelioree Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991008603A1
WO1991008603A1 PCT/GB1989/001425 GB8901425W WO9108603A1 WO 1991008603 A1 WO1991008603 A1 WO 1991008603A1 GB 8901425 W GB8901425 W GB 8901425W WO 9108603 A1 WO9108603 A1 WO 9108603A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spark plug
electrode
mixture
cylinder
plug according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1989/001425
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Henry Mcloughlin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1991008603A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991008603A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H01T13/18—Means for heating, e.g. for drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved form of spark plug for an internal combustion engine.
  • spark plug for an internal combustion (i.c) engine consists of a central electrode and one or more side electrodes between which there is a defined gap, the plug extends into the i.c engine cylinder.
  • a spark travelling between the central and side electrodes fires a compressed air/fuel mixture in the cylinder to provide motive power.
  • a compressed fuel/oxygen containing gas mixture e.g; petrol/air
  • a portion of the mixture is preheated and then ignited, e.g in a pre-chamber, and the combustion gases therefrom used to ignite the remainder of the mixture contained in the cylinder.
  • the present invention provides a spark plug for use in igniting a compressed fuel/oxygen containing gas mixture contained in a cylinder of an i.c engine, said plug comprising; an electrically conductive hollow body; a dielectric core member at least partially contained within said hollow body and having an end portion; a first electrode extending substantially concentrically through said core member and providing a first. tip below the said end portion; a second electrode including a second tip opposed to said first tip and spaced a defined distance therefrom to provide a spark gap; and first means extending about said spark gap to provide a pre-chamber bounded by said means and said core member end portion and in open
  • the first means extending about the spark gap may take any form that effectively isolates a small proportion of the mixture in the cylinder whereby the proportion of mixture is first ignited and there is in the order of, a millisecond delay before the bulk of the mixture in the cylinder is ingited.
  • the said first means may include portions extending towards the inner wall of the hollow body for positioning adjacent corresponding inwardly directed portions of the said wall, the means being retained in position in the body by second means acting to urge the first means against said inwardly directed wall portions.
  • thermal barrier means are positioned between at least the said portions and the inwardly directed wall portions to reduce the temperature gradient therebetween.
  • the pre-chamber may be formed by arranging that the first means and the second electrode are the same and form an open cage extending below the core end portion and the first electrode tip and including an upwardly directed lower electrode tip spaced from said first electrode tip.
  • the core electrode and the second electrode are both formed of conductive ceramic such as silicon carbide; in some forms of the invention the electrode may however, be of conventional metal.
  • the plug may be provided with a protective shroud extending around and below the outer electrode.
  • the pre-chamber walls formed by the said means are preferably at a temperature of about 1000°C, that is just below the normal mixture ignition temperature, typically 1100°C. Pre-heating of the mixture in the pre-chamber, by the chamber walls, improves the ignition of lean burn mixtures and, in addition, allows higher air-fuel ratios to be used than are possible with conventional spark plugs.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation in part section of a portion of a first embodiment of a spark plug of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation in part section of a portion of a first embodiment of a spark plug of the present invention.
  • a spark plug generally indicated at 1, comprises a metal body portion 2 having a conventional thread 3 and an upper inner shoulder 4.
  • a conventional ceramic (Al 2 O 3 ) core 5 is contained within the body 1 and shaped to engage gas tight seal 6 located on shoulder 4.
  • the four portions 13 combine below tip 8 to provide a lower electrodetip 14 opposite the tip 8.
  • the distance apart of the electrode tips 7 and 8 provide a spark gap 30, the gap dimensions being determined during manufacture.
  • Flange portion 11 of electrode 10 extends into an annular passageway 20 between the body 2 and core 5 formedby machining away the lower section of body 2.
  • the upper end of the passageway 20 is closed by shoulder 21.
  • annular portion 11 is retained in the passageway 20 between upper and lower annular ceramic "buttons" 22 and 23 which provide a thermal barrier thereby reducing the
  • An upper portion 26 of shroud 25 extends upwardly between arm 11 of electrode 10 and the inner wall of body 1 towards button 23.
  • a Belville washer 27 positioned on the upper surface of portion 26 and acting upon the lower surface of button 23 urges button 23, annular flange 11 and button 22 upwards against shoulder 21 of passageway 20 whereby the outer electrode 10 is firmly retained in position.
  • the gap between flange 11 and the body 2 of the plug is, however, sufficiently small to avoid any difficulty with passage of high voltage electrical power between the two components of the plug.
  • the spark between electrodes tips 8 and 14 initially ignites the small amount of mixture in pre-chamber 15.
  • the combustion gases from this ignition are then exhausted into the bulk mixture in the cylinder releasing very high energy, perhaps as much as one thousand times the spark ignition energy, to ignite the bulk mixture.
  • the high ignition energy results in more rapid combustion of the mixture and thereby increased power and cleaner exhaust gases.
  • the temperature of the walls of the pre-chamber may reach a temperature just below the ignition temperature of the compressed petrol/air mixture, i.e to about 1000°C. In consequence the combustion mixture contained in the prechamber is pre-heated thus significantly improving ignition of that mixture especially with "lean burn" engines.
  • the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawings comprises a spark plug, generally indicated at 30, having a metal portion body 32 with conventional thread 33 and an upper inner shoulder 34.
  • the ceramic (Al 2 O 3 ) core 35 is contained within the body 32 and is shaped to engage a gas tight seal 36 located on shoulder 34 of body 32.
  • the lower end 31 of core 35 is lobed to define a re-entrant portion 39.
  • the central core electrode 37 is formed of conventional alloy material and extends through core 35 into the entrance portion 39 to provide a tip 38.
  • a second electrode also formed of conventional alloy material, extends from the side of core 35 into re-entrant portion 39 to provide a tip 49, Electrical contact between the second electrode 48 and the body 32 is through the narrow gap 50.
  • the spark gap formed between tips 38 and 49 of electrode 37 and 48 is defined during manufacture.
  • a U-shaped ceramic member having circular cross section and having outwardly extending shoulders 41 is located in an annular passageway formed between body 32 and core 35 bymachining away part of the lower section of body 32 to provide shoulders 42.
  • Outwardly projecting portions 41 of member 40 are urged against ceramic buttons 43 located against shoulders 42 by Belville washers 45 which act upwardly against a second set of thermal barrier ceramic buttons 42 located between the Belville washers and portions 41.
  • a protective shroud 46 extends upwardly inside the body of the plug to provide shoulders 47 against which the
  • a pre-chamber 52 is defined by ceramic member 40 and the lobed portion 38 of core 35 and includes the re-entrant portion 39.
  • the plug of this embodiment operates in substantially the same manner as the plug described with reference to Figure 1 and provides greater efficiency and cleaner exhaust gases than conventional plugs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Abstract

Une bougie d'allumage destinée à être utilisée dans un moteur à combustion interne se compose d'un élément creux électroconducteur, d'un élément central diélectrique situé à l'intérieur de l'élément creux et qui est traversé par une première électrode dont une extrémité fait saillie sous l'élément central, et d'une deuxième électrode formant une cage ouverte entourant l'extrémité en saillie de la première électrode et dont une extrémité est orientée vers la première électrode tout en étant séparée de celle-ci afin de réaliser un écartement déterminé entre les extrémités respectives et à l'intérieur de la cage ouverte. Lorsque la bougie d'allumage est logée dans un cylindre d'un moteur à combustion interne, la cage ouverte offre alors une chambre de précombustion en communication ouverte avec le cylindre et dans laquelle une partie du mélange de combustion formé d'essence et d'air contenu dans le cylindre est préchauffée et allumée avant l'allumage de la totalité du mélange par les gaz de combustion formés dans la chambre de précombustion. Le type de bougie revendiqué offre un meilleur allumage plus particulièrement pour les moteurs à mélange faible.
PCT/GB1989/001425 1988-06-09 1989-11-29 Bougie d'allumage amelioree Ceased WO1991008603A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8813617A GB2219624A (en) 1988-06-09 1988-06-09 I.c. engine spark plug

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991008603A1 true WO1991008603A1 (fr) 1991-06-13

Family

ID=10638328

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1989/001425 Ceased WO1991008603A1 (fr) 1988-06-09 1989-11-29 Bougie d'allumage amelioree

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2219624A (fr)
WO (1) WO1991008603A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018130539A1 (de) 2018-11-30 2020-06-04 Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh Isolatorenanordnung für eine Zündkerzenanordnung und Zündkerzenanordnung

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2219624A (en) * 1988-06-09 1989-12-13 J H Mcloughlin I.c. engine spark plug
US20050092285A1 (en) * 2003-11-03 2005-05-05 Klonis George P. System and method for improving ignitability of dilute combustion mixtures
JP4351272B2 (ja) * 2006-09-07 2009-10-28 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ
US7798118B2 (en) * 2007-01-12 2010-09-21 Econo Plug Technologies Inc. Method and apparatus for incorporation of a flame front—type ignition system into an internal combustion engine
AT511609B1 (de) * 2011-07-19 2013-01-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Ohg Zündkerze für eine brennkraftmaschine

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4081711A (en) * 1976-11-30 1978-03-28 Bernard Wax Spark plug
US4198944A (en) * 1977-04-14 1980-04-22 Heintzelman Leo A Spark plug adapter and process
FR2498384A1 (en) * 1981-01-21 1982-07-23 Stein George IC engine ignition spark plug - uses refractory metal wire loop spanning earth electrode to absorb heat from combustion and assist plug gap ionisation
WO1982004504A1 (fr) * 1981-06-16 1982-12-23 Kirkhouse Henry Angell Bougie
JPS58162719A (ja) * 1982-03-23 1983-09-27 Nissan Motor Co Ltd デイ−ゼルエンジン始動用点火プラグ
DE3241697A1 (de) * 1982-11-11 1984-05-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Zuendvorrichtung mit einer zuendkammer und zuendelektroden
DE3544176C1 (de) * 1985-12-13 1987-05-21 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Zuendkerze mit kombinierten Gleit- und Luftfunkenstrecken
GB2219624A (en) * 1988-06-09 1989-12-13 J H Mcloughlin I.c. engine spark plug

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB154123A (en) * 1920-04-07 1920-11-25 Albert Edward Watts Improvements in spark plugs
GB478929A (en) * 1937-04-30 1938-01-27 Maurice Delattre Improvements in sparking plugs for internal combustion engines
GB624365A (en) * 1946-05-14 1949-06-07 Rosaire Joseph Raoul Le Perlie Improvements in sparking plugs
GB795933A (en) * 1954-10-08 1958-06-04 Jet Ignition Company Inc Improvements relating to sparking plugs

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4081711A (en) * 1976-11-30 1978-03-28 Bernard Wax Spark plug
US4198944A (en) * 1977-04-14 1980-04-22 Heintzelman Leo A Spark plug adapter and process
FR2498384A1 (en) * 1981-01-21 1982-07-23 Stein George IC engine ignition spark plug - uses refractory metal wire loop spanning earth electrode to absorb heat from combustion and assist plug gap ionisation
WO1982004504A1 (fr) * 1981-06-16 1982-12-23 Kirkhouse Henry Angell Bougie
JPS58162719A (ja) * 1982-03-23 1983-09-27 Nissan Motor Co Ltd デイ−ゼルエンジン始動用点火プラグ
DE3241697A1 (de) * 1982-11-11 1984-05-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Zuendvorrichtung mit einer zuendkammer und zuendelektroden
DE3544176C1 (de) * 1985-12-13 1987-05-21 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Zuendkerze mit kombinierten Gleit- und Luftfunkenstrecken
GB2219624A (en) * 1988-06-09 1989-12-13 J H Mcloughlin I.c. engine spark plug

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 291 (M-265)(1436) 27 December 1983, & JP-A-58 162719 (MASAZUMI) 27 September 1983, see the whole document *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018130539A1 (de) 2018-11-30 2020-06-04 Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh Isolatorenanordnung für eine Zündkerzenanordnung und Zündkerzenanordnung
US10910797B2 (en) 2018-11-30 2021-02-02 Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh Insulator arrangement for a spark plug arrangement, and spark plug arrangement
DE102018130539B4 (de) 2018-11-30 2022-12-08 Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh Vorkammer- Zündkerzenanordnung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8813617D0 (en) 1988-07-13
GB2219624A (en) 1989-12-13

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