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WO1982004504A1 - Bougie - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO1982004504A1
WO1982004504A1 PCT/AU1981/000073 AU8100073W WO8204504A1 WO 1982004504 A1 WO1982004504 A1 WO 1982004504A1 AU 8100073 W AU8100073 W AU 8100073W WO 8204504 A1 WO8204504 A1 WO 8204504A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spark plug
electrode
axial passage
adaptor
insulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU1981/000073
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jet Plug Pty Ltd Kirkhouse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kirkhouse Jet Plug Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Kirkhouse Jet Plug Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kirkhouse Jet Plug Pty Ltd filed Critical Kirkhouse Jet Plug Pty Ltd
Priority to US06/774,880 priority Critical patent/US4644218A/en
Priority to EP19810901517 priority patent/EP0081479B1/fr
Priority to DE8181901517T priority patent/DE3175871D1/de
Priority to PCT/AU1981/000073 priority patent/WO1982004504A1/fr
Priority to JP56501906A priority patent/JPS58500962A/ja
Publication of WO1982004504A1 publication Critical patent/WO1982004504A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved spark plug assembly, and in particular, but not exclusively, to a spark plug assembly for an internal combustion engine.
  • Conventional spark plug assemblies suffer from a number of disadvantages, resulting in inefficient, ineffective and/or uneven combustion at or in the vicinity of the associated cylinder of the internal combustion engine, one result of which can be the build-up of undesirable carbon and/or other impurities on the electrodes of the spark plug assembly ultimately affecting the overall operation of the spark plug assembly.
  • Known spark plug assemblies also have a tendency to produce undesirable "pre-ignition” .
  • known spark plug assemblies are also somewhat unreliable in "firing” unless the conditions prevailing in their immediate vicinity are correct, for example, the presence of substances such as oil have been found to prevent "firing".
  • the present invention therefore seeks to alleviate the problems and disadvantages associated with known spark plug assemblies, and to provide a spark plug which will allow for even combustion of the combustible gases in the cylinder of an associated internal combustion engine. Disclosure of the Invention
  • the spark plug in accordance with the present invention incorporates means to define a special pre-combustion chamber for initial or preliminary combustion of combustible gases and for subsequently spreading the combustion with a desired rapidity, all without increasing the effective overall length of the spark plug assembly.
  • the spark plug assembly in accordance with the present invention furthermore minimises, if not eliminates altogether, the problems involved with over-heating.
  • a spark plug adapted, in use, for association with an axial passage
  • said spark plug including; an insulator member having an electrode disposed centrally thereof and .• •projecting outwardly from one end thereof; and an electrode member at said one end of .said insulator member surrounding and spaced from said centrally disposed electrode, wherein said electrode member is so shaped to define, with the insulator member, a pre-combustion chamber surrounding the centrally disposed electrode, electrode member having an aperture to receive the extreme end of said centrally disposed electrode of said insulator member, said electrode member further including a plurality.of additional separate apertures adjacent said central aperture, said additional apertures adapted to allow for fluid communication between the -pre-combustion chamber and any said associated axial passage.
  • the electrode Apart from defining the pre-combustion chamber for the spark plug, the effect of which will be later described, the electrode also; performs the function of an earth electrode completely surrounding the centrally disposed electrode; assists in cooler operation of the plug in a manner to be later discussed; and functions as a gas seal.
  • Figure 1 is a partly sectioned side elevational view of a first embodiment of the spark plug assembly in association with an adaptor providing an axial venturi passage and adapted to be received in the conventional spark plug port in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine;
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the insulator of the spark plug assembly of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the adaptor of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the electrode member forming part of the spark plug of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the electrode member of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a partly sectioned side elevational view of a second embodiment of the spark plug assembly in association with an adaptor the same as the previous embodiment;
  • Figure 7 is a partly sectioned side elevational view of the insulator of the spark plug assembly of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the electrode member forming part of the spark plug assembly of Figure 6;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the electrode member of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a sectional view of a modified form of cylinder head configuration at the spark plug port and incorporating an axial venturi passage as an alternative to the adaptor with which the spark plug assembly is associated in the preceding embodiments, and
  • Figure 11 is a partly sectioned side elevational view -of the spark plug assembly of Figures 1 to 5 in association with an alternative form of adaptor providing a straight axial passage.
  • the first embodiment of the spark plug assembly of this invention includes an insulator member 21 having an insulator body 22 of cylindrical configuration and a conductor disposed centrally therethrough and projecting outwardly from one end as shown to provide the main electrode 23 and extending outwardly from the other end to provide a conventional electrical connector terminal 24.
  • the insulator body 22 at its end adjacent the main electrode 23 is enlarged as shown to provide a cylindrical section 25 of larger diameter than the remainder of the body, a frus o-conical section 26 between the cylindrical section 25 and the remainder of the insulator body, and a further frus o-conical section 27 adjacent the main electrode 23.
  • the remaining component of the spark plug assembly is provided by an electrode member 28, which in this embodiment is of a hollow conical configuration angled to match the angle of the frusto- conical section 27 of the insulator member 21 so as to seat thereon when the electrode member is placed in position on the end of the insulator member adjacent the main electrode 23 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the conical electrode member 28 has a centrally disposed aperture 29 at the apex thereof through which the main electrode 23 is received with the tip of the electrode 23 and the apex of the conical electrode member 28 being substantially in alignment.
  • the diameter of the central aperture 29 is greater than the diameter of the main electrode 23 to form an annular spark gap extending completely around the main electrode.
  • the conical electrode member 28 When in position, the conical electrode member 28 defines a pre-combustion chamber 30 between itself and the end of the insulator body 22 and surrounding the main electrode 23.
  • the conical electrode member 28 incorporates additional apertures 31, in this case three equally spaced apart apertures, and so positioned relative to the central aperture 29 that, when placed in position on the insulator member 21, they will be in direct fluid communication with the pre-combustion chamber 30.
  • the spark plug assembly of this embodiment is, in use, associated with an adaptor member generally indicated as 32.
  • the adaptor member has a cylindrical main body portion 33 about which a hexagonal flange 34 is formed for engagement by a spanner during fitting of the adaptor member to the spark plug port of an associated cylinder head.
  • the remainder of the adaptor member consists of anexternally threaded extension 37 complementing the internally threaded spark plug port of an associated cylinder head.
  • the adaptor member has an axial passage therethrough shaped to provide a large diameter chamber 35 adapted to receive the enlarged end of the spark plug assembly 20; and a frusto-conical portion 36 angled to match the angle of the conical electrode member 28 of the spark plug assembly such that, the section of the conical electrode member radially outwardly of the apertures 31 will be firmly clamped between the frusto-conical section 27 of the insulator body and the frus o-conical portion 36 of the adaptor member when the spark plug assembly is inserted within the adaptor as shown in Figure 1.
  • the axial passage is completed by a venturi shaped portion 38 extending through the threaded extension 37 and opening outwardly through the end of the adaptor.
  • the venturi shaped portion 38 consists of an outer tapered section 39, a curved intermediate throat section 40 and an inner tapered section 41.
  • a plurality of elongate ports 42 are provided through the wall of the extension 37 and angled to open outwardly through a chamfered face 43 around the end of the extension 37 and to open inwardly at the throat section 40 on the inner tapered section 41 side thereof.
  • the spark plug assembly 20 comprising the insulator member 21 and the electrode member 28, and in accordance with this preferred form of the invention, is positioned within the adaptor member 32 and retained in place by an annular retaining ring 44 having an external thread cooperating'with an internally threaded section 45 within the chamber 35 of the adaptor member.
  • the section of the electrode member radially outwardly from the apertures 31 is clamped between the respective frusto-conical sections 27 and 36 of the insulator body and the adaptor member respectively, such that the apertures 31 will allow fluid communication between the pre-combustion chamber 30 within the spark plug assembly and the inner tapered section 41 of the venturi passage within the adaptor member.
  • the second embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 6 to 9, represents a modified form of spark plug assembly 20' and in which the same reference numerals have been used to identify features identical with those of the first embodiment.
  • the adaptor member 32 is identical in all respects with the adaptor associated with the spark plug assembly of the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals are used to identify its constructional details.
  • the central main electrode 23' is shortened, and the end of the insulator body 22 is of an inverted nose configuration providing a concave cavity 46.
  • the electrode member 47 of this embodiment is of hollow frusto-conical configuration providing a flat end wall 48 through the centre of which the main aperture 49 for receiving the tip of the main electrode 23' is provided, and through which face three additional apertures 50 are formed.
  • the electrode member 47 defines, with the cavity 46, a pre-combustion chamber 30' which, as with the first embodiment, communicates with the inner section 41 of the venturi passage within the adaptor member 32 via the additional apertures 50.
  • the radially outer section, in this case the conical skirt, of the electrode member 47 is clamped between the respective frusto-conical surfaces 27 and 36 of the insulator body and adaptor member respectively.
  • the spark plug assemblies are, in use, associated with an adaptor member within which the spark plug assembly is received and in which a venturi passage is provided.
  • the adaptor is in turn received in the conventional spark plug port in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
  • the adaptor member being a separate integer, may be dispensed with and the spark plug port through the cylinder head modified to provide a venturi passage, whereby the spark plug assembly may be received directly within the spark plug port.
  • Such a modified spark plug port configuration for the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is shown in Figure 10.
  • the spark plug port 51 in the cylinder head 52 has an outer chamber 53 adapted to receive and retain either of the spark plug assemblies 20 or 20' of the preceding embodiments, that is, the insulator member and electrode member combinations 21,
  • the spark plug port further includes an inner section 54 in the form of a venturi similar to that provided in the adaptor member of the preceding embodiments, having outer, throat and inner sections 39, 40 and 41, with elongate ports 42 opening at one end into the cylinder chamber of the engine and at the other end into the throat section 40 on the inner tapered section 41 side thereof.
  • the electrode member may be provided with a skirt extending down the side of the insulator member to assist in locating the electrode member in position and providing for additional heat transfer.
  • spark plug assemblies are associated with venturi passages either provided in a special adaptor, as per the embodiments of Figures 1 to 9, or in the spark plug port in the cylinder head as shown in Figure 10.
  • certain of the advantages of the spark plug assembly can also be achieved without being associated with a venturi passage, that is, by direct association with an existing spark plug port which provides an associated axial passage of straight configuration.
  • the construction of the spark plug assembly may be modified to provide an externally threaded sleeve adapted to cooperate with the existing internally threaded spark plug port, or by incorporating an adaptor which receives the spark plug assembly and is receivable within the existing spark plug port in a similar manner to the adaptor with which the spark plug assembly is associated in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 9, .except that the venturi passage 38, and elongate ports 42, are dispensed with and the threaded extension 37 is shortened.
  • Such an adaptor is shown in Figure 11 in which the same reference numerals have been used for the spark plug assembly which is identical to that of the preceding embodiments.
  • the modified adaptor is indicated as 32' has a main body portion 33' ; hexagonal flange 34' ; chamber 35' ; frusto-conical portion 36 * and internally threaded section 45' as for the adaptor of the preceding embodiments.
  • the threaded extension 37* is somewhat-shorter than that of the preceding embodiments and merely incorporates a straight axial passage 38' which, together with the spark plug port, provides an associated axial passage, and which widens at its inner end at 41' to allow for fluid communication between the axial passage 38* and the pre-combustion chamber 30 within the spark plug assembly (30* when a spark plug assembly in accordance with the embodiment of Figures 6 to 9 is utilised) .
  • the basic principle of operation of the spark plug assembly according to this invention will now be described.
  • the combustible gases Upon compression of combustible gases drawn into an associated cylinder during a preceding induction stroke, the combustible gases accumulate in the axial passage 38 ( Figures 1 and 3) or 54 ( Figure 10) or 38' ( Figure 11) and also accumulate in the pre-combustion chamber 30 or 30' of the spark plug assembly 20 o 20' via the various apertures through the electrode member 28 or 47.
  • some of the combustible gas in the pre-combustion chamber immediately behind the electrode member will ignite, although a majority of the charge against the end of the insulator body will not . have a chance to ignite.
  • OMPI pair of electrodes for the creation of a spark provides an additional heat transfer path directly to the cylinder head which assists in keeping the spark plug assembly cool as well as acting as a gas seal. Furthermore, if the main electrode is positioned accurately in the centre of the aperture in the surrounding electrode member a ring of sparks around 360° of the central electrode is produced providing efficient and symmetrical ignition, which in turn is believed to account for the easier engine starting which has been observed for engines fitted with spark plug assemblies in accordance with the present invention.
  • the spark plug assembly is associated with a venturi passage as incorporated in the adaptor of Figures 1 and 3 (venturi passage 38) or in the spark plug port as in Figure 10 (venturi passage 54) , an additional effect is achieved, as follows.
  • the second burn flows through to the decomposed gases preceding the flame front of the first burn as it moves through the throat of the venturi. It is believed that the velocity of the first burn , accelerates from an initial speed of in the order of 50 to 60 feet/sec. to something in the order of 100 feet/sec. aproaching the throat of the venturi passage before being caught by the second burn moving at a velocity of possibly up to 1100 feet/sec.
  • the spark plug assemblies in accordance with the present invention exhibit a greater lifetime without requiring cleaning or replacement.
  • the prevention of carbonization or fouling of the points also effectively eliminates the disadvantages of gradual loss of engine power and inefficient running generally associated with the prior art spark plug assemblies.
  • the arrangement in accordance with the present invention also has been found to give rise to what may be termed a flattening of the flame front, thereby reducing to a certain extent the possibility of the production- of long fingers of flar-e which have been found in the past to give rise to unwanted decomposition of the fuel ahead of the flame front, eventually leading to detonation.
  • the arrangement in accordance with the present invention has been found to give rise to substantial improvements in at least three performance parameters of an internal combustion engine, namely an improvement in the indicated mean effective pressure (i. .e.p.); a reduction in the octane requirement for the fuel (even to the extent that it has been shown that engines previously requiring high octane (super) fuels can still achieve equivalent or better performance with low octane (standard) fuels) ; a reduction in the overall fuel consumption; and perhaps more importantly, elimination of the necessity for leaded fuels, and a reduction in the emission of pollutants.
  • mean effective pressure i. .e.p.
  • a reduction in the octane requirement for the fuel even to the extent that it has been shown that engines previously requiring high octane (super) fuels can still achieve equivalent or better performance with low octane (standard) fuels
  • a reduction in the overall fuel consumption and perhaps more importantly, elimination of the necessity for leaded fuels, and a
  • a tool has been designed for the purpose of setting and/or checking the spark plug gap in the assembly of the invention.
  • a tool will be in the form of a hollow cylinder of an internal diameter sufficient to allow the tool to be positioned around the central electrode of the spark plug assembly in a sliding fit type arrangement.
  • the wall thickness of the tool will preferably be equivalent to the desired spark gap for the spark plug assembly.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Bougie concue de maniere a pouvoir etre utilisee en combinaison avec un passage axial (38, 38', 54). La bougie comprend un organe isolateur (21) possedant une electrode (23, 23') disposee au centre de celui-ci et saillant d'une extremite de l'organe isolateur; et un organe d'electrode (28, 47) a ladite extremite de l'organe isolateur entourant l'electrode disposee au centre et espace de celle-ci. L'organe d'electrode est faconne de maniere a definir, avec l'organe isolateur, une chambre de precombustion (30) entourant l'electrode disposee au centre. L'organe d'electrode possede une ouverture (29, 49) recevant une extremite de l'electrode disposee au centre faisant partie de l'organe isolateur. L'organe d'electrode comprend en outre une pluralite d'ouvertures separees supplementaires (31, 50) adjacentes a l'ouverture centrale (29, 49), et qui permettent la communication du fluide entre la chambre de precombustion (30) et le passage axial associe (38, 38', 54). Dans un mode de realisation le passage axial est un passage droit (38') amenage dans un organe adaptateur dans lequel la bougie est recue. Dans d'autres modes de realisation le passage axial est un passage venturi (38) amenage dans un organe adaptateur analogue, ou un passage venturi (54) amenage dans l'orifice de bougie d'un moteur associe.
PCT/AU1981/000073 1981-06-16 1981-06-16 Bougie Ceased WO1982004504A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/774,880 US4644218A (en) 1981-06-16 1981-06-16 Spark plug with pre-combustion chamber and venturi passage
EP19810901517 EP0081479B1 (fr) 1981-06-16 1981-06-16 Bougie
DE8181901517T DE3175871D1 (en) 1981-06-16 1981-06-16 Spark plug
PCT/AU1981/000073 WO1982004504A1 (fr) 1981-06-16 1981-06-16 Bougie
JP56501906A JPS58500962A (ja) 1981-06-16 1981-06-16 改良された点火プラグ

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
WOAU81/00073810616 1981-06-16
PCT/AU1981/000073 WO1982004504A1 (fr) 1981-06-16 1981-06-16 Bougie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1982004504A1 true WO1982004504A1 (fr) 1982-12-23

Family

ID=3759914

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1981/000073 Ceased WO1982004504A1 (fr) 1981-06-16 1981-06-16 Bougie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0081479B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58500962A (fr)
DE (1) DE3175871D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1982004504A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2219624A (en) * 1988-06-09 1989-12-13 J H Mcloughlin I.c. engine spark plug
RU2134473C1 (ru) * 1994-07-01 1999-08-10 Сиксиз Энд Севенс ПТИ, Лтд. Система свечи зажигания
AT516835A4 (de) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-15 Er-System Mechatronik Gmbh Zündkerze

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002175863A (ja) † 2000-09-29 2002-06-21 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグ

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1450987A (en) * 1920-09-30 1923-04-10 Pethoud Edouard Sparking plug
US1959383A (en) * 1934-05-22 nowosielski
AU794452A (en) * 1952-02-08 1953-02-12 Rosebure Chapman Kirkhouse House Improvements relating to sparkplugs andthe like
US2823329A (en) * 1958-02-11 Chamber spark-plugs with multiple igni- x
US3056899A (en) * 1959-11-23 1962-10-02 William G Clayton Spark plug adapter
AU7356874A (en) * 1973-09-21 1976-03-25 Lectra Holding Sa Sparking plug
AU6082980A (en) * 1979-12-21 1981-06-25 Kirkhouse, C.L. Spark plug

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR768447A (fr) * 1934-02-09 1934-08-06 Perfectionnements aux bougies d'allumage pour moteurs
JPS50157731A (fr) * 1974-04-05 1975-12-19

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1959383A (en) * 1934-05-22 nowosielski
US2823329A (en) * 1958-02-11 Chamber spark-plugs with multiple igni- x
US1450987A (en) * 1920-09-30 1923-04-10 Pethoud Edouard Sparking plug
AU794452A (en) * 1952-02-08 1953-02-12 Rosebure Chapman Kirkhouse House Improvements relating to sparkplugs andthe like
US3056899A (en) * 1959-11-23 1962-10-02 William G Clayton Spark plug adapter
AU7356874A (en) * 1973-09-21 1976-03-25 Lectra Holding Sa Sparking plug
AU6082980A (en) * 1979-12-21 1981-06-25 Kirkhouse, C.L. Spark plug

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0081479A4 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2219624A (en) * 1988-06-09 1989-12-13 J H Mcloughlin I.c. engine spark plug
WO1991008603A1 (fr) * 1988-06-09 1991-06-13 James Henry Mcloughlin Bougie d'allumage amelioree
RU2134473C1 (ru) * 1994-07-01 1999-08-10 Сиксиз Энд Севенс ПТИ, Лтд. Система свечи зажигания
AT516835A4 (de) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-15 Er-System Mechatronik Gmbh Zündkerze
AT516835B1 (de) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-15 Er-System Mechatronik Gmbh Zündkerze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0081479A4 (fr) 1983-10-26
DE3175871D1 (en) 1987-02-26
JPS58500962A (ja) 1983-06-09
EP0081479B1 (fr) 1987-01-21
EP0081479A1 (fr) 1983-06-22

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