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US20060251746A1 - Method for preparing ginkgo extracts having a low content of 4'-O-methyl pyridoxine and/or biflavones - Google Patents

Method for preparing ginkgo extracts having a low content of 4'-O-methyl pyridoxine and/or biflavones Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060251746A1
US20060251746A1 US11/416,924 US41692406A US2006251746A1 US 20060251746 A1 US20060251746 A1 US 20060251746A1 US 41692406 A US41692406 A US 41692406A US 2006251746 A1 US2006251746 A1 US 2006251746A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
extract
weight
ppm
water
solution
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Abandoned
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US11/416,924
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English (en)
Inventor
Clemens Erdelmeier
Hermann Hauer
Egon Koch
Friedrich Lang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Willmar Schwabe GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Bioplanta Arzneimittel GmbH
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Assigned to BIOPLANTA ARZNEIMITTEL GMBH reassignment BIOPLANTA ARZNEIMITTEL GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ERDELMEIER, CLEMENS, HAUER, HERMANN, KOCH, EGON, LANG, FREIDRICH
Publication of US20060251746A1 publication Critical patent/US20060251746A1/en
Assigned to DR. WILLMAR SCHWABE GMBH & CO. KG reassignment DR. WILLMAR SCHWABE GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BIOPLANTA ARZNEIMITTEL GMBH
Priority to US12/217,803 priority Critical patent/US8642099B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/16—Ginkgophyta, e.g. Ginkgoaceae (Ginkgo family)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A23L33/11—Plant sterols or derivatives thereof, e.g. phytosterols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/02—Non-specific cardiovascular stimulants, e.g. drugs for syncope, antihypotensives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/08—Vasodilators for multiple indications
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved multi-step method for preparing an extract from ginkgo biloba having a reduced content of 4′-O-methyl pyridoxine and/or biflavones, wherein the depletion is effected by filtration over an adsorber resin and/or an ion exchanger and the substances to be removed are retained on the resin.
  • the invention further relates to an extract from ginkgo biloba having a reduced content of 4′-O-methyl pyridoxine and/or biflavones which is obtainable by the method according to the present invention, as well as to its use.
  • extracts from the leaves of ginkgo biloba are used as a medicament. They are currently used for the treatment of different kinds of dementia and symptoms thereof as well as cerebral and peripheral blood circulation disorders. Ingredients, the efficacy is associated with, are terpene lactones (ginkgolides A, B, C and bilobalide) as well as glycosides of flavones (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin).
  • the leaves of ginkgo biloba also contain components which do not contribute to the desired efficacy, but which may be responsible for risks and side effects.
  • unpolar plant ingredients such as ginkgolic acids, those components are 4′-O-methyl pyridoxine and biflavones.
  • ginkgo extract which is efficacious and at the same time as safe as possible and as low in side effects as possible, these compounds should thus not be present to the largest possible extent.
  • 4′-O-methyl pyridoxine may cause symptoms of poisoning such as convulsive seizures and unconsciousness.
  • this compound is also referred to as ginkgo-toxin.
  • the biflavones contained in ginkgo exhibit an immunotoxic potential and may elicit contact allergies.
  • These biflavones contained in ginkgo are predominantly the compounds amentoflavone, bilobetin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin and sciadopitysin.
  • EP 1 037 646 B1 page 3
  • the method of EP 1 037 646 B1 is based on the method originally described in DE 39 40 091 C2.
  • step f the depletion of the biflavones and 4′-O-methyl pyridoxine is carried out at a stage of the method (step f)), wherein relatively high contents of lead salts and ammonium salts are present such that an increased amount of ion exchanger has to be employed.
  • the flavonoids are determined in the form of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin after acidic hydrolysis and calculated as flavonoid glycosides.
  • This object could be solved by separating the biflavones using adsorber resins and/or separating 4′-O-methyl pyridoxine via acidic ion exchangers.
  • the depletion step is carried out at the end of the method.
  • a smaller amount of the ion exchanger has to be employed and particularly low contents of 4′-O-methyl pyridoxine and/or biflavones are obtained.
  • Preferred adsorber resins in step l) are resins based on optionally substituted styrenes/divinylbenzenes such as Diaion HP-20, HP-21 or Sepabeads SP-207 and SP-850.
  • Preferred ion exchangers are strongly acidic ion exchangers such as Merck I or Amberlite IR-120.
  • the filtration optionally includes the usual rinsing using further solvent.
  • the aqueous alkanol in step k) is aqueous methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol having a content of 20-90% by weight, respectively, preferably aqueous ethanol, a concentration of 40 to 60% by weight being particularly preferred.
  • a subject of the present invention are extracts, in particular dry extracts, which are obtainable by the method according to the present invention and which exhibit the following contents:
  • extracts in particular dry extracts, which are obtainable by the method according to the present invention and which exhibit the following further contents:
  • a further subject of the present invention are extracts, in particular dry extracts, which are obtainable by the method according to the present invention and which exhibit the following contents:
  • dry extracts generally have a dry residue of at least 95% by weight.
  • the extracts according to the present invention can be administered in the form of powders, granules, tablets, dragées (coated tablets) or capsules, preferably orally.
  • the extract is mixed with suitable pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants such as lactose, cellulose, silicon dioxide, croscarmellose and magnesium stearate, and pressed into tablets which are optionally provided with a suitable coating, for example made of hydroxymethylcellulose, polyethyleneglycol, pigments (such as titanium dioxide, iron oxide) and talcum.
  • suitable coating for example made of hydroxymethylcellulose, polyethyleneglycol, pigments (such as titanium dioxide, iron oxide) and talcum.
  • the extract according to the present invention can also be filled into capsules, optionally under the addition of adjuvants such as stabilizers, fillers and the like.
  • the dosage is such that 10 to 2000 mg, preferably 50 to 1000 mg and particularly preferred 100 to 500 mg extract are administered per day.
  • a further subject of the present invention are medicaments, food products and other preparations containing these extracts, optionally in combination with other substances such as active ingredients and/or pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants.
  • food product as used herein particularly refers to dietetic food products, dietary supplement products as well as medical food and dietary supplements.
  • Dried leaves of ginkgo biloba (drug) were extracted at a temperature of about 50° C. using seven times their weight (w/w) (i.e. drug-solvent ratio is 1:7) made up of acetone/water 60/40 (w/w) (step a)).
  • step b) The organic solvent was largely separated from the extract (step b)) and the remaining concentrated aqueous solution was diluted with water to a solids content of about 10% by weight. The solution was cooled to a temperature of about 12° C. under agitation and the resulting precipitate was removed (step c)).
  • the extract obtained was largely concentrated and the concentrate thus obtained was diluted with water and ethanol such that a solution containing 50% by weight water and 50% by weight ethanol at a solids content of about 10% by weight was obtained (step e)).
  • the solution was filtered and the filtrate was added with an aqueous solution of lead hydroxide acetate (step f)).
  • aqueous alcoholic solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to an ethanol content of about 5% and ammonium sulfate was added such that a content of about 20% by weight based on the water content was achieved.
  • the solution obtained was extracted using a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone and ethanol in a ratio of 6:4 (step h)).
  • step i The resulting organic phase was largely concentrated (solids content of about 55% by weight) (step i)). Then the product was diluted with ethanol and water such that a solution having an ethanol content of about 75% and a solids content of about 15% was obtained (step k)).
  • Example 1 Ginkgo Extract Having a Reduced Content of 4′-O-methyl pyridoxine
  • Example 2b Ginkgo Extract Having a Reduced Content of 4′-O-methyl pyridoxine and biflavones
  • Example 2a 90% of the solution obtained in Example 2a) (2334.1 g) were applied to 25 ml (corresponding to 0.40 ml/g of the dry extract) Amberlite IR-120 (strongly acidic ion exchanger) (column: about 1.5 ⁇ 11 cm; flow: about 10 ml/min) (step l)), followed by rinsing with 100 ml of 40% ethanol (w/w).
  • the resulting solution was concentrated on a rotary evaporator and freeze-dried (step m)): 61.67 g.
  • Dried leaves of ginkgo biloba were extracted at a temperature of about 50° C. using seven times their weight (w/w) (i.e. drug-solvent ratio is 1:7) made up of acetone/water 60/40 (w/w).
  • the organic solvent was largely separated from the extract and the remaining concentrated aqueous solution was diluted with water to a solids content of about 10% by weight, cooled to a temperature of about 12° C. under agitation and the resulting precipitate was removed.
  • the extract obtained was largely concentrated and the concentrate thus obtained was diluted with water and ethanol such that a solution containing 50% by weight water and 50% by weight ethanol at a solids content of about 10% by weight was obtained.
  • the solution was filtered, the filtrate was added with an aqueous solution of lead hydroxide acetate and filtered again (step f)).
  • the combined eluates were extracted by shaking using 3 ⁇ 70 ml n-hexane.
  • the ethanol/water phase was concentrated on a rotary evaporator and diluted with water to 100 g.
  • the extract solution thus obtained was extracted with 1 ⁇ 40 ml, 2 ⁇ 30 ml and 1 ⁇ 20 ml of a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone:ethanol in a ratio of 3:2, wherein 15 g ammonium sulfate was added to achieve phase separation.
  • the organic phase was stirred for 1 h at room temperature after adding 25 g ammonium sulfate.
  • the undissolved ammonium sulfate as well as the aqueous phase formed were separated.
  • the extract solution was concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 50° C. and dried in vacuum at 60° C.: 14.8 g.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
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  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
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  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
US11/416,924 2005-05-03 2006-05-02 Method for preparing ginkgo extracts having a low content of 4'-O-methyl pyridoxine and/or biflavones Abandoned US20060251746A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/217,803 US8642099B2 (en) 2005-05-03 2008-07-09 Method for preparing ginkgo extracts having a low content of 4′-O-methyl pyridoxine and/or biflavones

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEDE102005020685.9 2005-05-03
DE102005020685 2005-05-03
DEDE102005061948.7 2005-12-23
DE102005061948A DE102005061948A1 (de) 2005-05-03 2005-12-23 Verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4'-O-Methylpyridoxin- und/oder Biflavon-armen Ginkgoextrakten

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US (2) US20060251746A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP1868625B1 (ru)
JP (2) JP4304230B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR100933721B1 (ru)
CN (2) CN101175505A (ru)
AR (1) AR054270A1 (ru)
AT (1) ATE401903T1 (ru)
AU (1) AU2006243378B2 (ru)
BR (1) BRPI0611093B1 (ru)
CA (1) CA2606843C (ru)
DE (2) DE102005061948A1 (ru)
DK (1) DK1868625T3 (ru)
DO (1) DOP2006000091A (ru)
ES (1) ES2310408T3 (ru)
JO (1) JO2523B1 (ru)
MX (1) MX2007013398A (ru)
MY (1) MY143650A (ru)
NZ (1) NZ563818A (ru)
PE (1) PE20061296A1 (ru)
PL (1) PL1868625T3 (ru)
PT (1) PT1868625E (ru)
RU (1) RU2367459C2 (ru)
SI (1) SI1868625T1 (ru)
TW (1) TWI376230B (ru)
UA (1) UA84519C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2006117169A1 (ru)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10028986B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2018-07-24 Dr. Willmar Schwabe Gmbh & Co., Kg Method for producing ginkgo extracts
CN115894424A (zh) * 2023-01-06 2023-04-04 中日友好医院(中日友好临床医学研究所) 新型双黄酮类化合物及其制备方法、药物组合物和应用

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2709633T3 (es) * 2007-12-21 2019-04-17 Dr Willmar Schwabe Gmbh & Co Kg Uso de un extracto de hojas de Ginkgo biloba
EP2494979B1 (de) 2011-03-04 2019-03-27 Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG Verwendung von Extrakten aus Blättern von Ginkgo biloba zur Prävention und Therapie von Komplikationen nach operativer Arteriosklerose-Behandlung sowie von Folgeerscheinungen der Arteriosklerose
MX341428B (es) 2011-04-27 2016-08-18 Dr Willmar Schwabe Gmbh & Co Kg Tableta de liberacion controlada de extracto de ginkgo biloba y procedimiento para su obtencion.
CN103919768B (zh) * 2014-03-30 2016-03-16 吴静 一种含有异银杏双黄酮和白果内酯的药物组合物及其制剂
CN107509997B (zh) * 2017-09-08 2021-02-26 南京林业大学 一种基于内源糖苷酶酶解结合树脂吸附脱除白果致毒成分的方法及其制备的产品和应用
CN107647407A (zh) * 2017-11-14 2018-02-02 宜昌东方昌绿茶业有限公司 一种从银杏茶中提取黄酮素的方法
CN113491721B (zh) * 2020-03-19 2022-05-31 江苏得乐康生物科技有限公司 一种脱除银杏叶提取物中银杏毒素的方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5399348A (en) * 1989-12-04 1995-03-21 Dr. Willmar Schwabe Gmbh & Co. Extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves, its method of preparation and pharmaceuticals containing the extract
US6328999B1 (en) * 1997-12-19 2001-12-11 Dr. Willmar Schwabe Gmbh & Co. Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts with a reduced 4′-O-methylpyridoxine and biflavone content

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FR2627387B1 (fr) * 1988-02-24 1992-06-05 Fabre Sa Pierre Procede d'obtention d'un extrait de feuilles de ginkgo biloba
GB8822004D0 (en) * 1988-09-20 1988-10-19 Indena Spa New extracts of ginkgo biloba & their methods of preparation
JP3518882B2 (ja) 1993-11-12 2004-04-12 ダイセル化学工業株式会社 イチョウエキス及びその製造法
US20040076691A1 (en) * 2002-01-16 2004-04-22 David Haines Anti-inflammatory formulations
CN1251675C (zh) * 2004-02-10 2006-04-19 张正生 一种注射用银杏达莫粉针剂及其制备方法
CN100451013C (zh) * 2004-04-21 2009-01-14 徐州技源天然保健品有限公司 一种从卷柏中提取穗花杉双黄酮提取物的生产工艺

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5399348A (en) * 1989-12-04 1995-03-21 Dr. Willmar Schwabe Gmbh & Co. Extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves, its method of preparation and pharmaceuticals containing the extract
US6328999B1 (en) * 1997-12-19 2001-12-11 Dr. Willmar Schwabe Gmbh & Co. Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts with a reduced 4′-O-methylpyridoxine and biflavone content

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10028986B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2018-07-24 Dr. Willmar Schwabe Gmbh & Co., Kg Method for producing ginkgo extracts
CN115894424A (zh) * 2023-01-06 2023-04-04 中日友好医院(中日友好临床医学研究所) 新型双黄酮类化合物及其制备方法、药物组合物和应用

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JO2523B1 (en) 2010-03-17
WO2006117169A1 (en) 2006-11-09
EP1868625A1 (en) 2007-12-26
RU2007143632A (ru) 2009-06-10
KR20070112271A (ko) 2007-11-22
DK1868625T3 (da) 2008-11-10
DOP2006000091A (es) 2007-01-31
TW200716149A (en) 2007-05-01
RU2367459C2 (ru) 2009-09-20
US8642099B2 (en) 2014-02-04
DE602006001949D1 (de) 2008-09-04
SI1868625T1 (sl) 2008-12-31
JP4304230B2 (ja) 2009-07-29
ES2310408T3 (es) 2009-01-01
AU2006243378A1 (en) 2006-11-09
PT1868625E (pt) 2008-09-22
MX2007013398A (es) 2007-12-07
TWI376230B (en) 2012-11-11
JP2009173663A (ja) 2009-08-06
BRPI0611093A2 (pt) 2010-08-10
NZ563818A (en) 2009-11-27
ATE401903T1 (de) 2008-08-15
CN104189025A (zh) 2014-12-10
AR054270A1 (es) 2007-06-13
JP2008540354A (ja) 2008-11-20
PL1868625T3 (pl) 2009-01-30
UA84519C2 (ru) 2008-10-27
AU2006243378B2 (en) 2008-03-20
CA2606843C (en) 2010-05-25
CN101175505A (zh) 2008-05-07
EP1868625B1 (en) 2008-07-23
US20080286391A1 (en) 2008-11-20
KR100933721B1 (ko) 2009-12-24
CA2606843A1 (en) 2006-11-09
MY143650A (en) 2011-06-30
BRPI0611093B1 (pt) 2018-01-16
DE102005061948A1 (de) 2006-11-16
PE20061296A1 (es) 2007-01-06

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