TW201642858A - 藥物配方 - Google Patents
藥物配方 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201642858A TW201642858A TW105110715A TW105110715A TW201642858A TW 201642858 A TW201642858 A TW 201642858A TW 105110715 A TW105110715 A TW 105110715A TW 105110715 A TW105110715 A TW 105110715A TW 201642858 A TW201642858 A TW 201642858A
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Abstract
本發明是與藥物配方相關,該藥物配方包含1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子、其藥學上可接受之鹽類、鹽類共結晶物與共結晶物,特別是 1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶。此配方適用於口服給藥且亦包含一滲透增強劑或一適當鹼類或其混合物。本發明的配方是用於治療與晚期糖化作用終產物相關聯的疾病。
Description
本發明相關於藥物配方,該藥物配方包含1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子、其藥學上可接受之鹽類、鹽類共結晶物與共結晶物,特別是1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶。此配方適用於口服給藥且亦包含滲透增強劑或適當的鹼類或其混合物。本發明的配方用於治療與晚期糖化作用終產物相關聯的疾病,該疾病選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥狀硬化與視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙及發育障礙。
梅納(Maillard)於1912年發現還原糖類(例如葡萄糖與核糖)與蛋白質反應生成褐色色素。進一步的研究顯示這是不可逆的非酶反應,發生於數個自然系統中,包括儲存食物。梅納反應以兩階段發生,初期與晚期。一開始,蛋白質與葡萄糖反應,生成穩定的阿瑪得利(Amadori)產物,隨後交聯生成晚期糖化作用終產物(AGE)。在大多數情況中,AGE的生成亦伴隨蛋白質的褐化與螢光的增加。
在血糖濃度遠高於正常情況的糖尿病中,葡萄糖與數種蛋白質(如血紅蛋白與膠原蛋白)的反應造成AGE的生成增加,其轉而造成與糖尿病相關的併發症,例如腎病變、神經病變、微血管病變、內皮功能障礙和其他器官功能障礙 。此外,數種生長因子(例如鹼性纖維母細胞生長因子)的活性亦受損害。AGE產物不似組織中的正常蛋白質,它具有更慢的轉換率及補充率。據報導,事實上AGE產物引發了與RAGE(晚期糖化作用終產物的受體)相關的複雜免疫反應與數種尚未完全定義的免疫過程的活化(Stehouwer et al; Cardiovascular Research 1997; 34:55–68 and Smit et al.; Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 11:2767-84
)。
由於AGE生成的臨床重要性,已基於阻礙活體內AGE的累積來嘗試數種成功的治療方法。其中一個方法為經由治療劑的給藥來抑制AGE從前驅物形成。在控制組織內AGE量的另一方法裡,特別對那些組織中的AGE交聯物已累積至造成亞臨床或臨床病理之量的病患,投予可逆轉或破壞AGE交聯物的治療劑。
1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子與其藥學上可接受之鹽類是已表現出具有AGE裂解活性的化合物類別之一(EP1222171;EP124358)。
1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶已表現出在第II型糖尿病的動物模式中改善心肌病變與腎病變(Joshi et al.; J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol.; 2009, 54(1): 72-81 )
。臨床研究已顯示當將此化合物口服給藥時是安全且耐受性良好的(Chandra et al.; Clin. Drug. Invest.; 2009, 29(9): 559-575
)。
然而,要注意當將1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子化合物,例如1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)溴化吡啶以口服給藥予大鼠時的生物可利用性是非常低的。(存檔資料)
進一步地,第I期臨床研究亦顯示1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶的口服生物可利用性非常低(Chandra et al.; Clin. Drug. Invest.; 2009, 29(9): 559-575);
因而在人類的情況中需要高劑量(多於1000 mg bid)以達到治療有效反應。
本發明某些具體實施的目標是為了提供1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子、其藥學上可接受之鹽類、鹽類共結晶物與共結晶物的藥物配方。某些具體實施例的目標是提供口服投藥治療有效量的1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子、其藥學上可接受之鹽類、鹽類共結晶物與共結晶物的配方。某些具體實施例的目標為提供相較於先前技術的配方表現出增加的口服生物可利用性的1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子化合物的配方。本發明的某些具體實施例達成一些或所有的上述目標。
本發明的第一方面提供一口服藥物配方,該配方包含: 一結構式(I
)的化合物:(I
) 或其共結晶物;其中X-
為藥學上可接受的陰離子,或X-
不存在; 一滲透增強劑或一鹼類或其混合物; 以及隨選地包含其他藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
發明人已體認到結構式(I)
的化合物主要經由上消化道吸收。觀察到經由口服結構式(I
)的化合物的生物可利用性極低,但在滲透增強劑或鹼類的存在下生物可利用性顯著增加。發明人進一步地發現加入鹼類或緩衝液結合滲透增強劑會進一步地提升結構式(I
)的化合物的口服生物可利用性。
發明人已示出結構式(I
)的化合物在高pH環境中與滲透增強劑(例如癸酸鈉)具良好連結,但在低pH(尤其是在低於2.0的pH下)環境並非如此。因此提出(但不希望受限於理論)存在於配方中的鹼類或緩衝液使得在結構式(I
)的化合物與滲透增強劑附近於上消化道形成適當微環境。在那樣的微環境中,pH維持在夠高的程度(較佳地大於2),以使滲透增強劑有助於結構式(I
)的化合物的吸收,因而觀察到與使用無論滲透增強劑或鹼類時的配方相較下生物可利用性的提升。
X-
可為鹵素離子。X-
可選自氯與溴。較佳地,X-
為Cl-
。
X-
可為羧酸根陰離子,例如C2
-C20
羧酸根陰離子。X-
因而可以是癸酸根。其中X-
為羧酸根陰離子(例如癸酸根),也許X-
為滲透增強劑。在此具體實施例中,可能沒有其他滲透增強劑。換句話說,相反離子可扮演滲透增強劑而不需要其他的滲透增強劑。雖然若需要可分別提供額外的滲透增強劑,此額外滲透增強劑可包含或可不包含與X-
相同的陰離子。
配方中的結構式(I
)的化合物可能具有不同的相反離子。換句話說,活性成分可以二或更多相反離子的混合物呈現。因而可能是結構式(I
)的化合物的一部分具有一相反離子,而結構式(I
)的化合物的剩餘部分具有不同的相反離子。因而可能是配方中結構式(I
)的化合物的一部分X-
為氯,而在結構式(I
)的化合物的剩餘部分X-
為癸酸根。
當X-
不存在時,結構式(I
)的化合物可以偶極體形式存在。
在某些較佳的具體實施例中,此配方包含: 一結構式(I
)的化合物:(I
) 或其共結晶物;其中X-
為藥學上可接受的陰離子,或X-
不存在; 一滲透增強劑與一鹼類; 以及隨選地包含其他藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
結構式(I
)的化合物或其共結晶物可以總配方的約0.1%至約80% w/w的量存在,較佳地以總配方的約0.25%至約70% w/w的量存在,最佳地以總配方的約5%至約50% w/w的量存在。
「滲透增強劑」或「滲透增強物」為增加藥物跨越生物膜的運輸率之化合物。根據本發明的滲透增強劑為藥學上可接受的。
根據本發明的滲透增強劑可選自: 1) 界面活性劑。範例包括聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酯、十二烷基麥芽糖苷等; 2) 脂肪酸。範例包括膽酸(CA)、己酸(HA)與庚酸(HPA)、類脂酸、辛酸、棕櫚酸、亞麻油酸、十四酸(肉豆蔻酸)等; 3) 脂肪酸的鹽類。範例包括辛酸鈉、癸酸鈉、月桂酸鈉與油酸鈉(SOA)等; 4) N-醯化α-胺基酸與 N-醯化非-α-胺基酸。範例包括N-環己醯白胺酸、N-(苯磺醯基)白胺酸等; 5) 皂素。範例包括甘草酸鹽; 6) 膽鹽。範例包括鵝去氧膽酸、雄果去氧膽酸; 7) 中鏈三酸甘油酯。範例包括辛酸/癸酸三酸甘油酯、三辛酸/癸酸甘油等; 8) 聚合物。範例包括聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚卡波非(丙烯酸聚合物)、幾丁聚糖、卡伯波(carbopol)、吡咯啶(pyrrolidine)等; 9) 乙醯基肉鹼與烷醯基膽鹼。範例包括軟脂醯-DL-肉鹼氯(PCC); 10) 分泌性運輸抑制劑。範例包括聚山梨醇酯 80、聚氧乙烯烷基醚(例如Cremophor ELTM
)、泊洛沙姆(例如PluronicTM
、 LutrolTM
) 等; 11) 巰基聚合物-硫醇鹽(thiomers):範例包括具有半胱胺酸之共價性連接的聚卡珀菲(polycarbophyl )聚合物(PCP-Cys)、羧甲基纖維素鈉-胱胺酸、幾丁聚糖-半胱胺酸、幾丁聚糖-4- 硫基-丁基脒等; 12) 錯合劑:範例包括乙烯二胺四醋酸鹽、羥丙基貝奈克酯鹽酸鹽(hydroxypropyl betadex)、環糊精等, 或其組合物。
也可能每個滲透增強劑是選自為鹽類的那些滲透增強劑,該鹽類包含金屬陽離子與有機陰離子。
也可能滲透增強劑為C2
-C20
羧酸或C2
-C20
羧酸的金屬鹽或銨鹽或酯類。可能是C8
-C12
羧酸或C8
-C12
羧酸的金屬鹽或銨鹽或酯類。可能是C10
羧酸或C10
羧酸的金屬鹽或銨鹽或酯類。羧酸可能是飽和的或羧酸可能是未飽和的。較佳地,滲透增強劑為癸酸的金屬鹽。羧酸的金屬鹽可能是鹼金屬鹽、鹼土金屬鹽或其組合物。金屬鹽可為鹼金屬鹽,例如鉀鹽或鈉鹽。較佳地,其為鈉鹽。
較佳地,此滲透增強劑為癸酸鈉。
也可能結構式(I
)的化合物與滲透增強劑(例如癸酸鈉)是以共軛物的形式存在。同樣在本發明的範圍內的是它們並非以共軛物形式,或者是以在配方中兩者皆存在之外的任何方式相關聯。
當此滲透增強劑存在時,可以總配方的大約0.02% 至約75% w/w的量存在,較佳地以總配方的大約2.5% 至約60% w/w的量存在,而最佳地以總配方的大約5% 至約30% w/w的量存在。
根據本發明的鹼類或緩衝液為可互換的,或可為將其加入水性介質後可增加水性介質的pH至高於2的任何劑型。根據本發明,鹼類或緩衝液為藥學上可接受的。
鹼類可能是有機鹼。有機鹼一般來說為包含具有未共用電子對之至少一氮原子的有機化合物。常見的鹼性官能基團包括胺(包含一級胺、二級胺與三級胺)、胍、吡啶、咪唑等。適用於口服藥物配方的有機鹼常是鹼性胺基酸與碳水化合物。鹼性胺基酸的範例包括精胺酸、離胺酸與組胺酸。鹼性碳水化合物的範例包括葡甲胺與葡萄糖胺。
鹼類可為羧酸的鹽類,例如羧酸的金屬鹽或銨鹽。羧酸可包含單一羧酸基團或兩個羧酸基團。羧酸(無論其具有一或二個羧酸基團)可包含少於5個碳原子。銨鹽的範例包括乙酸銨與甲酸銨。鹼類可為乙酸金屬鹽。金屬可為鹼金屬或鹼土金屬。金屬可選自鈉、鈣、鎂與鉀。羧酸金屬鹽的範例包括乙酸鈉與丙酸鉀。其中羧酸包含兩個羧酸基團者,可能兩個羧酸基團皆以金屬鹽的形式,或可能是一個羧酸基團為金屬鹽形式而另一者為羧酸形式。
其中鹼類為羧酸的鹽類,羧酸亦可存在於配方中。
替代地,鹼類可為無機鹼。適合的無機鹼包括金屬氫氧化物、碳酸或重碳酸的銨鹽。銨鹽的範例包括氫氧化銨。金屬可為鹼金屬或鹼土金屬。因此鹼類可為鹼金屬或鹼土金屬碳酸鹽或碳酸氫鹽。金屬可選自鈉、鈣、鎂與鉀。鹼類可為鹼土金屬碳酸鹽或碳酸氫鹽。可能是鹼土金屬碳酸鹽。無機鹼的範例包括碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鉀、碳酸氫鉀、碳酸鈣、碳酸鎂、碳酸氫鎂。在某些較佳的具體實施例中,鹼類為碳酸鎂。
鹼類可為磷酸鹽緩衝液。
當鹼類存在時,鹼類可能是以總配方的大約0.002%至大約60% w/w 的量存在,較佳地以總配方的大約0.2%至大約25% w/w 的量存在,更佳地以總配方的大約0.5%至大約15.0% w/w 的量存在,最佳地以總配方的大約0.5%至大約5.0% w/w 的量存在。
在某些較佳的具體實施例中,配方包含: 結構式Ia或Ia’的化合物:Ia;Ia’ 或其共結晶物 C8
-C12
羧酸(例如癸酸鈉)的鹼金屬鹽,或 一鹼類或其混合物;以及 隨選地包含其他藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
本發明的配方劑量、劑量頻率與治療持續期間預計將視配方與病患的臨床跡象、年齡與合併生理病症而異。然而較佳地,配方是供每日一次或每日兩次給藥,較佳地為每日兩次。每個配方或根據本發明的配方可包含100 mg 至 2000 mg 結構式(I)
的化合物(例如化合物Ia或Ia’或其共結晶物)。每個配方可包含150 mg 至 1500 mg 的結構式(I)
的化合物(例如結構式Ia或Ia’的化合物或其共結晶物)。較佳地,每個配方包含250 mg 至 750 mg 的結構式(I)
的化合物(例如結構式Ia或Ia’的化合物或其共結晶物)。
此配方可用於治療、預防或管理選自下列的疾病:糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥狀硬化與視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙及發育障礙。
本發明亦提供治療、管理或預防與老化及糖尿病相關的併發症的方法;此方法包含將治療有效量的口服藥物配方給藥予對其有需求的病患,此配方包含如上所述之結構式(I)、Ia或Ia’的化合物或其共結晶物。
本發明亦提供治療、管理或預防疾病的方法,該疾病選自:糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥狀硬化與視網膜病變;皮膚病變、內皮或其他器官功能障礙及發育障礙;此方法包含以治療有效量將口服藥物配方給藥予對其有需求的病患,此配方包含如上所述之結構式(I)、Ia或Ia’的化合物或其共結晶物。
在第二方面提供了結構式(I)
的化合物與滲透增強劑的共軛物。其中合適的(即其中包含滲透增強劑與結構式(I)
的化合物的等同物者),針對第一方面之配方的上述具體實施例同樣適用於第二方面的共軛物。因此,共軛物可為結構式Ia或Ia’的化合物與癸酸鈉的共軛物。較佳地,包含結構式(I)
、Ia或Ia’的化合物與一滲透增強劑的共軛物之配方可進一步地包含一滲透增強劑或一鹼類或其混合物,以及隨選地包含其他藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
在其最簡單的形式中,本發明的配方僅包含結構式(I)、Ia或Ia’的化合物或結合滲透增強劑或鹼類或其混合物。然而,本發明的配方一般亦包含至少一種其他藥學上可接受之賦形劑(例如至少一種其他的輔劑、稀釋劑或載體)。適當的藥物配方之篩選與製備的傳統程序描述於例如“Pharmaceuticals - The Science of Dosage Form Designs,M. E. Aulton, Churchill Livingstone, 1988 或Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients (sixth edition, 2009)”
中。
本文所描述之口服藥物配方可以任何適當形式獲得,而不限於例如錠劑、膠囊、粉末、顆粒、丸劑、珠粒、液體(例如溶液、懸浮液)等。粉末、顆粒、丸劑或珠粒可被裝填於適合的容器(包括小袋或硬明膠膠囊)中。較佳地,配方為顆粒形式,可將其裝填於小袋或壓縮形成錠劑。最佳地,配方為顆粒形式,可將其裝填於小袋中。經由篩法測量,該顆粒的平均粒徑較佳地在75 至 850微米,更佳地平均粒徑為150至425微米。較佳地,顆粒大小不大於1000微米,以促進顆粒自配方溶解/分散。顆粒大小在製劑期間亦對材料的流動性具有重要影響。
當將本發明的配方以顆粒製備時,在將其混入例如水、軟質食物、豆腐、蘋果醬等載體後,可給藥予哺乳動物,較佳地將其伴隨足量的水而給藥。此類顆粒可額外地包含懸浮劑,較佳地為聚維酮(povidone)。
根據本發明之藥物配方可為立即釋放或調控釋放的配方形式。調控釋放配方可包括延遲釋放、延長釋放配方或黏膜吸附性(mucoadhesive)配方。替代地,配方可具有立即釋放或調控釋放配方的混合。
根據本發明的藥物配方可由任何本領域已知的方法,例如經由混合結構式(I)、Ia或Ia’的化合物與藥學上可接受的賦形劑來製備。替代地,可採用溼式造粒或乾式造粒技術來製備根據本發明的配方。根據本發明之配方的製程的選擇對結構式(I)、Ia或Ia’的化合物的穩定性具影響。較佳地,穩定的配方是經由乾式造粒、壓實或直接壓縮製程來製備,其中不使用水或水性介質。替代地,本發明的配方可製備為基質為基礎的配方,其中將結構式(I) 、Ia或Ia’的化合物分散於基質中。替代地,可將包含粒子的結構式(I) 、Ia或Ia’的化合物以適合的藥學上可接受之載體來包覆。粒子類型包括顆粒、丸劑、微型錠劑、微粒、珠粒或錠劑。
本發明的配方亦可包含輔劑或載體或賦形劑,舉例來說,稀釋劑(例如粉狀纖維素)、微晶纖維素、矽化微晶纖維素、澱粉、預膠化澱粉、磷酸氫鈣、磷酸氫二鈉、磷酸鈉、矽酸鈣、沉澱碳酸鈣;糖,例如葡萄糖、乳糖或蔗糖;糖醇,例如甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、異麥芽糖醇或赤蘚醇等或其混合物;黏合劑,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、澱粉、預膠化澱粉;纖維素衍生物,例如纖維素粉末、微晶纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、甲基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、明膠、玉米蛋白、聚甲基丙烯酸鹽、藻酸鈉、樹脂、合成樹脂或其混合物;崩解劑,例如羧甲基纖維素鈣及其鹽類(包括鈉或鈣鹽)、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉(交聯羧甲基鈉)、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈣、交聯聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、澱粉羥乙酸鈉、預膠化澱粉、低取代羥丙基纖維素等或其混合物及/或潤滑劑,舉例來說,硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鈣、矽酸鎂鋁(Neusilin®)、聚乙二醇、蠟、石蠟等或其混合物。當稀釋劑存在時,是以總配方的20-90% w/w的量存在;當崩解劑存在時,是以總配方的0.1-20% w/w的量存在;當潤滑劑存在時,是以總配方的0.1-20% w/w的量存在;當黏合劑存在時,是以總配方的0.1-20% w/w的量存在。該配方可隨選地以合適的官能基或非官能基塗層塗覆。
根據具體實施例中任一者的本發明配方,當經由雷射繞射方法(例如Malvern Mastersizer®)測量時,其中結構式(I) 、Ia或Ia’的化合物或其共結晶物的90%的粒子在50微米至1000微米的範圍,較佳地在50微米至700微米的範圍,最佳地在350微米至600微米的範圍。結構式(I) 、Ia或Ia’的化合物或其共結晶物的較粗粒子協助改善流動性並且增加其內容物與賦形劑的均勻度。
當調劑為調控釋放時,本配方可包含適於調控結構式(I) 、Ia或Ia’的化合物的釋放的賦形劑。此類調控釋放的賦形劑可以基質形式存在或可被覆於粒子、顆粒、丸劑、珠粒、錠劑或膠囊而存在。
此配方亦可包含藥學上可接受的添加物,例如助流劑、晶體生長抑制劑、成膜聚合物、塑化劑、穩定劑、增溶劑、抗氧化劑、共溶劑、錯化劑、著色劑、調味劑、甜味劑、黏膜黏著劑與張力調節劑。適合的範例與其用量為本領域之技術人員所知,或如Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients (sixth edition, 2009)
中所提供的。較佳地,配方包含甜味劑(例如代糖)與調味劑(例如檸檬香料、薄荷香料、芒果香料或任何其他苦味調節劑),以遮蔽結構式(I)的化合物的苦味。
根據本發明的配方可與一或更多額外的治療劑結合而給藥,以用於治療、預防或管理選自下列的疾病:糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥狀硬化與視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙與發育障礙,該治療劑是選自a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑; f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑;以及h) 用於糖尿病血管併發症的藥物; i) 心血管風險降低劑;或其藥學上可接受之鹽類。
替代地,根據本發明的藥物配方可包含一或更多額外的治療劑,該治療劑選自:a) 抗高血壓劑;b) 降血脂劑;c) 抗糖尿病劑;d) 抗血小板劑;e) 抗血栓形成劑; f) 抗肥胖劑;g) 心臟衰竭治療劑;以及h) 用於糖尿病血管併發症的藥物; i) 心血管風險降低劑;或其藥學上可接受之鹽類。
如本文所提及的抗高血壓劑,包括但不限於血管緊縮素轉換酶(ACE)抑制劑、腎活素抑制劑、β腎上腺素受體阻斷劑、α腎上腺素受體阻斷劑、鈣離子通道阻斷劑、鉀離子通道活化劑、醛固酮合成酶抑制劑、中性肽鏈內切酶(NEP)抑制劑、雙血管緊縮素轉換酶/中性肽鏈內切酶(ACE/NEP) 抑制劑、內皮素受體拮抗劑、雙血管緊縮素與內皮素受體拮抗劑(DARA)、利尿劑或其藥學上可接受之鹽類;如本文所提及的降血脂劑或降脂劑,包括但不限於MTP 抑制劑、HMG CoA 還原酶抑制劑、角鯊烯合成酶抑制劑、纖維酸衍生物、ACAT 抑制劑、脂肪加氧酶抑制劑、膽固醇吸收抑制劑、迴腸Na+/膽酸共同轉運體抑制劑、LDL 受體活性的向上調節劑、膽固醇酯轉移蛋白(CETP)抑制劑、膽酸螫合劑及/或菸鹼酸與衍生物或其藥學上可接受之鹽類;如本文所提及的抗糖尿病劑,包括但不限於PPARγ 促效劑、雙胍類、蛋白酪胺酸磷酸酶-1B (PTP-1B) 抑制劑、磺醯尿素、美格替耐(meglitinide)、α葡萄糖苷水解酶抑制劑、PPARα 促效劑、PPARδ 促效劑或拮抗劑、α澱粉酶抑制劑、脂肪酸氧化抑制劑、A2 拮抗劑、二肽基肽酶IV (DP4) 抑制劑、aP2 抑制劑、SGLT2 抑制劑、肝糖磷酸化酶抑制劑、高血糖素樣肽-1 (GLP-1)、胰島素或擬胰島素、PPAR.α./γ雙促效劑、11β-HSD 1 (11β-羥基-類固醇脫氫酶 1) 抑制劑、其他胰島素增敏藥物、葡萄糖激酶活化劑、VPAC2 受體促效劑或其藥學上可接受的鹽類;如本文所提及的抗血小板劑,包括但不限於環加氧酶抑制劑、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)受體抑制劑、磷酸二酯酶抑制劑、蛋白酶活化受體-1 (PAR-1) 拮抗劑、醣蛋白IIB/IIIA 抑制劑、腺苷再吸收抑制劑、凝血脂素抑制;如本文所提及的抗血栓劑,包括但不限於美拉加群(melagatran)與克西美拉加群(ximelagatran)、香豆素與Xa因子抑制劑(例如利伐沙班(rivaroxaban))、阿哌沙班(apixaban)、伊多塞班(Edoxaban)、雷札沙班(razaxaban)或每種藥物其藥學上可接受的鹽類;本發明中對糖尿病血管併發症有用的藥劑包括但不限於醛醣還原酶抑制劑、AGE 抑制劑或AGE分解劑。在適用於治療糖尿病併發症的那些藥劑中,醛醣還原酶抑制劑代表經由抑制醛醣還原酶以降低細胞內山梨糖醇的該些藥劑,該山梨糖醇是經由多元醇代謝過程的增強而過度累積,其是由發展糖尿病併發症的組織中出現的持續高血糖症所誘發;如本文所提及的減肥藥,其包括但不限於5HT(血清素)轉運體抑制劑、NE(正腎上腺素)轉運體抑制劑、CB-1(大麻素-1 受體) 拮抗劑/反向促效劑、飢餓肽抗體、飢餓肽拮抗劑、H3(組織胺 H3)拮抗劑/反向促效劑、NPY1(神經胜肽Y Y1)拮抗劑、NPY2(神經胜肽Y Y2)促效劑、NPY5(神經胜肽Y Y5)拮抗劑、瘦體素或其衍生物、類鴉片(opioid)拮抗劑、食慾激素拮抗劑、BRS3 (鈴蟾素受體亞型3) 促效劑、CCK-A(膽囊收縮素-A)促效劑、CNTF(睫狀神經營養因子)、CNTF衍生物、GHS(生長激素促分泌素受體)促效劑、5HT2c(血清素受體 2c)促效劑、Mc3r(黑皮質素3 受體)促效劑、Mc4r (黑皮質素 4 受體) 促效劑、單胺再吸收抑制劑、β3(β腎上腺素受體 3)促效劑、DGAT1(甘油二酯醯基轉移酶1)抑制劑、DGAT2(甘油二酯醯基轉移酶2)抑制劑、FAS(脂肪酸合成酶)抑制劑、PDE (磷酸二酯酶)抑制劑、甲狀腺激素β 促效劑、UCP-1(解偶聯蛋白1)、-2或-3活化劑、醯基雌激素、糖皮質素拮抗劑、SCD-1(硬脂醯-CoA 去飽和酶-1)抑制劑、脂酶抑制劑、脂肪酸轉運體抑制劑、二甲酸鹽轉運體抑制劑;減少心血管風險的藥劑,如本文所提及的,包括但不限於被引用於本文作為參考的WO2007100295中所揭露的化合物;或其藥學上可接受的鹽類。
較佳地,該額外的治療劑是選自二甲雙胍(metformin)、格列本脲(glyburide)、格列吡嗪(glipizide)、格列齊特(gliclazide)、阿卡波糖(acarbose)、脂解素(adiposine)、卡格列波糖(camiglibose)、乙格列酯(emiglitate)、米格列醇(miglitol)、伏格列波糖(voglibose)、格列美脲(glimepiride)、羅格列酮(rosiglitazone)、吡格列酮(pioglitazone)、達格列嗪(dapagliflozin)、艾帕列淨(empagliflozin)、那格列嗪(canagliflozin)、阿格列汀(alogliptin)、沙格列汀(saxagliptin)、利格列汀(linagliptin)、西他列汀(sitagliptin)、維格列汀(vildagliptin)、胺氯地平(amlodipine)、非洛地平(felodipine)、尼卡地平(nicardipine)、地爾硫卓(diltiazem)、樂卡地平(lercanidipine)、卡托普利(captopril)、貝那普利(benazepril)、喹那普利(quinapril)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、雷米普利(ramipril)、依那普利(enalapril)、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、培哚普利(perindopril)、阿利吉侖(aliskiren)、卡維地洛(carvedilol)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)、比索洛爾(bisoprolol)、阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)、羅舒伐他汀(rosuvastatin)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、西利伐他丁(cerivastatin)、非諾貝特(fenofibrate)、吉非貝齊(gemfibrozil)、氯貝丁酯(clofibrate)、苯紮貝特(bezafibrate)、環丙貝特(ciprofibrate)、克利貝特(clinofibrate)、丙丁酚(probucol)、也吉提麥伯(ezetimibe)、阿利克侖(aliskiren)、尼可地爾(nicorandil)、克羅匹多(clopidogrel)、普拉格雷(prasugrel)、阿司匹靈(aspirin)、噻氯匹啶(ticlopidine)、氫氯噻嗪(hydrochlorothiazide)、利伐沙班(rivaroxaban)、吲達帕胺(indapamide)、三氯甲基疊氮(trichlormethazide)、阿爾噻嗪(altizide)、氯噻酮(chlorthalidone)、呋塞米(furosemide)、毛地黃毒苷(digitoxin)、地高辛(digoxin)、歐得通(spironolectone)或其藥學上可接受之鹽類。
在整份說明書的描述與申請專利範圍中,要了解除非上下文另有要求,包含性地解釋文字「包含」、「包括」與「含有」以及其變化形式意謂「包括但不限於」,且它們並不意圖(也不可)排除其他基團、添加物、成分、整體或步驟。在整份說明書的描述與申請專利範圍中,除非上下文另有要求,單數形式包含複數形式。特別是,其中使用不定冠詞時,除非上下文另有要求,說明書應理解為包含複數與單數形式。
在整份說明書中使用的用語「共軛物(conjugate)」意謂結構式(I)、Ia或Ia’之化合物在至少一滲透增強劑的鄰近處。滲透增強劑可與結構式(I)或Ia或Ia’之化合物形成錯合物,或可存在於相同晶格中,形成共結晶物。共軛物亦包括結構式(I)或Ia或Ia’之化合物的鹽類與共結晶物與滲透增強劑的混合物。所述共軛物是隨選地於鹼類的存在下,經由混合結構式(I)、Ia或Ia’之化合物與滲透增強劑而製備,這樣使滲透增強劑仍在結構式(I)、Ia或Ia’之化合物的緊密鄰近處。與結構式(I)、Ia或Ia’之化合物的配方相關的具體實施例以及使用這些化合物的治療方法同樣適用於根據本發明所製備的共軛物。
本文上述所使用的用語「共結晶物」意謂結構式(I)或Ia或Ia’之化合物以及至少一滲透增強劑作為共形成物(co-former)而存在於相同晶格中。
用語「治療有效量」意謂當將本發明的配方中之化合物給藥予病患,用於治療、預防或管理疾病時,化合物的量足以實現疾病的治療、預防或管理。
除非與其不相容,本發明結合特定方面、具體實施例或範例所描述之特徵、整體、特色、化合物、化學基團或基團應理解為可施用於本文所描述的任何其他方面、具體實施例或範例。除非組合中此類特徵及/或步驟的至少一些相互排斥,此說明書中揭露的所有特徵(包括任何隨附的申請專利範圍、摘要與圖式)及/或揭露的任何方法或流程之所有步驟,可以任何組合而加以結合。本發明不受限於前述具體實施例中的細節。本發明延伸至本說明書(包括任何隨附的申請專利範圍、摘要與圖式)中所揭露之特徵的任何新穎者或任何新組合,或延伸至所揭露任何方法或流程之步驟的任何新穎者或任何新組合。
讀者的注意力是針對與本案相關的、於同時或比此說明書早申請的所有論文與文件,其伴隨此說明書開放給公眾查閱,而所有此類論文與文件的內容以引用的方式併入本文。範例 範例 1 :配方
表 1
將配方1(F1)與2(F2):1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶與癸酸鈉於氫氧化鈉的溶液中混合並乾燥。將獲得的乾燥混合物與甘露糖醇(配方1)或微晶纖維素(配方2)與輕質碳酸鎂的混合物一起過篩,並將混合物攪拌5分鐘。將Neusilin®加入獲得的混合物中,接著將其一起過篩並攪拌5分鐘。將獲得的混合物以乾式造粒(乾壓製錠)並將製備的錠塊(slug)經由#20篩網進行整粒而獲得顆粒。將顆粒裝填入小袋中。
配方3(F3):將1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶與癸酸鈉溶解於水中並混合以形成分散液。將甲醇加入分散液中。使用Glatt機器將獲得的溶液噴灑於微晶纖維素。將獲得的顆粒壓製形成錠劑。範例 2 :生物可利用性的評估
使用表2中提供的配方確認1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子化合物的生物可利用性 。 表 2
配方4(F4)是經由共同配製1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶與癸酸鈉而製備。加入純水並將其超音波震盪以製備懸浮液。以純水補至最終體積。以製備配方4的類似方式製備配方5(F5)。
經由將輕質碳酸鎂溶解於純水中,接著分散1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶並將其超音波震盪,以製備配方6(F6)。
配方7(F7)是經由製備1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶與癸酸鈉的共軛物來製備,其中是經由使用氫氧化鈉溶液將1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶與癸酸鈉溶解,並將溶液乾燥以製備共軛物。將所述乾燥共軛物加入NaHCO3
與羥丙基纖維素的水溶液中。以製備配方7的類似方式製備配方8至10(F8-F10)。
進行口服藥物動力學的評估。將配方F4至F10以口服給藥予頸靜脈插管的Wistar大鼠(n = 5)。於預先決定的時間點抽出血液樣本;預先決定的時間點為給藥前(0.0 hr)及給藥後0.25、0.5、1、2、4、6、8、12 與 24 hr。針對每個時間點獲得的血漿進行1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子化合物的定量。
使用內標準將LC-MS/MS 方法用於1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子化合物的定量。使用固相萃取技術分析血漿樣本,校正範圍為0.500 ng/mL至1000.000 ng/mL。
使用非室性PK方法,以PK分析軟體Phoenix WinNonlin軟體(6.3版,Pharsight Corporation, USA)從1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子化合物的濃度對應時間資料來計算藥物動力學(PK)參數,例如Cmax
與AUC。以平均值±SD(標準差)呈現資料,並與在類似條件下於水中的1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶溶液的口服給藥後所獲得的1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子化合物PK資料相比較。
將資料提供於表3與4。 表 3
因此,滲透增強劑(在此例中為癸酸鈉)以及鹼類(在此例中為MgCO3
)的使用,伴隨1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶可增加生物可利用性。此外,相較於只使用滲透增強劑或鹼類本身,滲透增強劑與鹼類的結合對1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)吡啶陽離子化合物的生物可利用性提供更大幅的提升。因此,根據本發明的配方反倒可增加結構式(I)之化合物的療效。表 4
表4顯示當將滲透增強劑與1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶以共軛物配製時,仍觀察到改善的生物可利用性。範例 3 : 配方
將甘露糖醇、輕質碳酸鎂一起通過#20篩網過篩。分別將1-(2-噻吩-2’-基-2-側氧-乙基)-3-(甲磺醯基聯胺基羰基)氯化吡啶與癸酸鈉的共軛物與三矽酸鎂鋁通過#20篩網過篩,並與經過篩的甘露糖醇與輕質碳酸鎂混合。將獲得的混合物於Conta攪拌器中攪拌10分鐘,然後將其以輾壓法(roller compaction)製備顆粒,接著使用整粒機(quadro mill)進行整粒。將獲得的顆粒與聚維酮、代糖、檸檬香料、薄荷香料、芒果花蜜(在F12與F13中)以及苦味調節劑(在F11與F13中)於Conta混合器中混合,並且將獲得的材料裝填入小袋中。
Claims (18)
- 一種口服藥物配方,其包含 一結構式(I )之化合物(I ) 或其共結晶物;其中X- 為一藥學上可接受的陰離子,或X- 不存在; 一滲透增強劑或一鹼類或其混合物; 以及隨選地其他藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之配方,其中X- 是選自鹵素或一羧酸根離子。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之配方,其中X- 為氯。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之配方,其中X- 為癸酸根。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之配方,其中一滲透增強劑是選自界面活性劑、脂肪酸、脂肪酸的鹽類、N-醯化α-胺基酸、 N-醯化非-α-胺基酸、皂素、膽鹽、中鏈三酸甘油酯、聚合物、乙醯基肉鹼與烷醯基膽鹼、分泌性運輸抑制劑、巰基聚合物-硫醇鹽以及錯合劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之配方,其中一滲透增強劑是選自脂肪酸的鹽類。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之配方,其中脂肪酸的鹽類為癸酸鈉。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項或第6項所述之配方,其中一滲透增強劑是以總配方的約0.02% 至約75% w/w的量存在,較佳地以總配方的約2.5% 至約60% w/w的量存在,而最佳地以總配方的約5% 至約30% w/w的量存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之配方,其中鹼類是選自有機鹼、無機鹼與羧酸之鹽類。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之配方,其中鹼類為無機鹼。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之配方,其中無機鹼為碳酸鎂。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項或第10項所述之配方,其中鹼類是以總配方的約0.002%至約60% w/w 的量存在,較佳地以總配方的約0.2%至約25% w/w 的量存在,更佳地以總配方的約0.5%至約15.0% w/w 的量存在,最佳地以總配方的約0.5%至約5 % w/w 的量存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之配方,其中結構式(I)之化合物以及一滲透增強劑為共軛物形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之配方,其中結構式(I)之化合物或其共結晶物是以總配方的約0.1%至約80% w/w的量存在,較佳地以總配方的約0.25%至約70% w/w的量存在,最佳地以總配方的約5%至約50% w/w的量存在。
- 一種用於藉由將如申請專利範圍第1項所述之配方投藥予對其有需求的一哺乳動物以治療一疾病症狀的方法,該疾病症狀是選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥狀硬化與視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙及發育障礙。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1項所述之配方的用途,用於治療一疾病症狀,該疾病症狀是選自糖尿病以及與老化相關的大血管與微血管併發症,包括心臟衰竭、腎病變、神經病變、動脈粥狀硬化與視網膜病變;皮膚病變;內皮或其他器官功能障礙及發育障礙。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之配方,其中配方包含150 mg 至 1500 mg的結構式(I)之化合物或其共結晶物。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項所述之配方,其中配方包含250 mg 至 750 mg的結構式(I)之化合物或其共結晶物。
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| IN1475/MUM/2015 | 2015-04-08 | ||
| IN1475MU2015 | 2015-04-08 |
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| TWI713512B TWI713512B (zh) | 2020-12-21 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CA2876883C (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2022-11-01 | Nova Southeastern University | Epinephrine nanoparticles, methods of fabrication thereof, and methods for use thereof for treatment of conditions responsive to epinephrine |
| HRP20211286T1 (hr) | 2013-03-22 | 2021-12-24 | Nova Southeastern University | Fine čestice epinefrina i metode njihove korištenja za liječenje stanja koja odgovaraju na epinefrin |
| CA3116730A1 (en) | 2018-10-19 | 2020-04-23 | Nova Southeastern University | Sublingual epinephrine compositions including ph-modifying excipients and penetration enhancers and methods for use thereof |
| MY204603A (en) | 2019-04-03 | 2024-09-05 | Astellas Pharma Inc | Pharmaceutical composition |
| KR102330597B1 (ko) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-11-26 | 보령제약 주식회사 | 무정형의 엠파글리플로진을 포함하는 안정성이 향상된 신규 약제학적 제형 |
| KR20220080880A (ko) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-15 | 주식회사 종근당 | 엠파글리플로진 공결정을 함유하는 약제학적 조성물 |
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| DE60038097T2 (de) * | 1999-02-22 | 2009-02-12 | Merrion Research I Ltd. | Feste orale dosierungsform enthaltend einen resorptionsverstärker |
| CN100355731C (zh) * | 1999-10-06 | 2007-12-19 | 托伦脱药品有限公司 | 吡啶衍生物及其用途 |
| DE60111919T2 (de) | 2001-03-21 | 2006-04-20 | Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad | Pyridiniumverbindungen zur Behandlung von AGE-relatierten Krankheiten |
| MX2008011227A (es) | 2006-03-03 | 2009-02-10 | Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Receptores antagonistas de accion nueva y doble en los receptores at1 y eta. |
| JP2009023932A (ja) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-02-05 | Tama Tlo Kk | N−メチルピリジニウム化合物を有効成分として含有する抗ウイルス剤、それを含有する、抗ウイルス組成物、食餌及び動物用飼料 |
| JP2011510067A (ja) * | 2008-01-25 | 2011-03-31 | トレント・ファーマシューティカルズ・リミテッド | 組合せ医薬品 |
| CN101574343B (zh) * | 2008-05-07 | 2011-06-01 | 吉林大学 | 一种治疗糖尿病的药物组合物 |
| CA2764232A1 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-11 | Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited | Novel heterocyclic compounds |
| WO2011084618A2 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-07-14 | Nod Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for oral drug delivery |
| CN104069066B (zh) * | 2013-03-25 | 2017-04-19 | 吉林大学 | 黄癸固体分散体及其在治疗糖尿病及并发症中的应用 |
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