SU1655335A1 - Method of soil preparation for sowing in drills - Google Patents

Description

one

(21) 4644238/15

(22) 12.1388

(46) 06/15/91. Bul №22

(71) Central Asian Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and Electrification

(72) E. I. Ponomarev, R I. Baymetov and A. O. Khadzhi-Muradov

(53) 633.033 (088.8)

(56) USSR author's certificate Me 1435180, class, A 01 B 79/02, 1985

(54) METHOD FOR PREPARING SOIL FOR NORTH OF CROPS

(57) The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to methods of pre-sowing tillage with the formation of soil and the application of fertilizers. In order to increase the effectiveness of fertilizers in the method, which includes applying organic and mineral fertilizers, their incorporation into the soil and the formation of soil on the soil surface, organic fertilizers are diverted over the soil surface, over which mineral fertilizers are then applied, in strips with a distance between them, equal to twice the width between the rows. The distribution of fertilizers distributed in this way is carried out simultaneously with the formation of a pile by cutting furrows between adjacent strips of mineral fertilizers with a turn of a layer of soil removed from the furrows, with a layer of organic fertilizers on it on the strips of mineral fertilizers on both sides of the furrow axis. 3 il.

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to methods of pre-sowing soil cultivation with the formation of soil and the introduction of fertilizers.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of fertilizers.

FIG. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the method for fertilizer application and the formation of soil over the field where the previous crop was cultivated for soil; Fig 2 - the same, with the previous crop cultivated on the ridges; Fig 3 is a diagram of the method when the field is aligned

FIG. 1-3 positions a - location of fertilizers before formation of gr d, b - location of fertilizers during the growing season.

Example. Organic fertilizer 1 is applied over the surface of the soil 2 by a large standard, which provides a continuous coverage of the soil with machines for spreading solid organic fertilizers. On the surface of organic fertilizers 1, mineral fertilizers 3 are introduced by narrow strips with a predetermined distance equal to twice the distance between the crop being cultivated. Mineral fertilizers are applied with the help of cultivators — plant feeders, whose coulters do not dig into the soil, i.e., are located above its surface. At optimum moisture content and low soil hardness, the formation of clump is carried out simultaneously with the application of mineral fertilizers through the installation of hillocks on the cultivator. With high soil hardness, the formation of clump is carried out

ABOUT

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ridge-trimming or front plow, adjusted for the option of simultaneous formation of plowing tillage. Furrows during formation of the formation are cut by the working bodies of 4 furrowing or frontal plows in the middle of the intercourse of mineral fertilizers, while natural movement of the soil with organic fertilizers occurs so that organic fertilizer 1 when forming the ridge from all sides in the cross section of the ridge mineral fertilizers surround and at the same time the fertilizers are located in zone A in the center of the group formed (Figs. 1, 2, 3, position b).

During the growing season, mineral fertilizers are applied along the axis of symmetry of the grit to zone A (fig. 1,2,3 position b) by cultivators, i.e. in a zone surrounded by organic fertilizers not lower than their embedment depth, between the rows of cultivated crops 5.

The method can be carried out in a uniform field, as well as in a field where ridges or ridges have already been cut. In the latter case, the fertilizers are located in the zone of the former irrigation furrow, and new furrows are cut in the center of the ridge on which the previous crop was cultivated.

The proposed method at the expense of rational location of fertilizers (minerals are located, as it were, in a pipe from organic, which in turn is located between the irrigation furrows), ensures maximum utilization of manure and increasing the digestibility of fertilizers to the upper limit of the utilization rate, i.e. 1.25 - 2.0 times (on average 1.5 times), where 1.25 is 50/40, and 2.0 is 40/20 (20, 40, 50 - the limits of the coefficient of fertilizer use).

The timing of the effect of mineral fertilizers is largely related to the degree of leaching.

In the proposed method, the fertilizers are placed in the middle of the cluster, i.e. The plants are located between the irrigation furrow and the fertilizer strip. In this case, even nitrogen fertilizers are not washed out by irrigation water, and, migrating together with capillary moisture, are gradually absorbed by the roots of plants.

Due to the fact that in the proposed method, mineral fertilizers are co-located with organic fertilizers, i.e. increase the amount of feed in the favorable zone for assimilation, as well as by eliminating the leaching of irrigation water with their irrigation water, increases the duration of fertilizers. For example, if you exclude the first feeding, then

cotton sowing is from 5.04 to 15.04 and feeding it in July, the interval is about 90 days, i.e. validity period increases to 90/40 2.0; 90/36 2.5 times. In addition, the increase in productivity and energy consumption in the proposed method in comparison with the baseline - the existing technology of cotton cultivation is achieved due to the fact that the furrows cut not 0 in each inter-row, but through one. Therefore, the drag of the gun is reduced, and productivity can be improved by increasing the working speed or the width of the gun.

5Positive effect of the method also

is as follows. The large moisture capacity of organic fertilizers (manure), located in the zone of the center of the ridge, contributes to a significant accumulation of moisture in this zone.

Temperature compensation occurs to a certain extent when the mineral and organic fertilizers are moistened, since it is known that when complex or multi-component mineral fertilizers are moistened, their temperature decreases, and organic fertilizers decompose and generate heat. In addition, organic fertilizers protect the plant root system from low temperature in the area of wet mineral fertilizers.

A higher concentration of fertilizers in the center of the ridge excludes the possibility of germination in this zone of weeds, since a greater concentration of fertilizers that are not mixed with the soil, has a burning effect on the root system. 0

Claims (1)

The invention of the method of preparing the soil for sowing of tilled crops, including the application of organic and mineral fertilizers, 5 their incorporation into the soil and the formation on the soil surface, characterized in that, in order to increase the effectiveness of fertilizers, organic fertilizers are spread around the soil surface . 0 on top of which mineral fertilizers are then applied in strips with a distance between them equal to twice the width of the aisles, and the fertilization is carried out simultaneously with the formation of a row by cutting 5 furrows between adjacent strips of mineral fertilizers with soil turnover from the furrows a layer of organic fertilizer on it on the strip of mineral fertilizers on both sides of the furrow axis. f Ni Na Schig.Z