RU2838663C1 - Method of soil surface reinforcement against wind erosion in conditions of south-west part of belarus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the soil surface reinforcement against wind erosion. Method consists in the fact that before the field preparation, during which the field area is divided into strip protective tapes-strips having the shape of a wavy curve, with a width of not less than 1.0 m from each other with a constant period of waves that coincide in phase, by means of which performing retention and accumulation of snow from orientation of strip bands-strips and direction of prevailing winds, organic fertilizer is first prepared in form of solid pig manure with moisture content of 80-87%, which is mixed with poultry droppings with moisture content of 20-30% in ratio of 1:3, respectively. Obtained mixture is subjected to natural composting in the warm season for not less than 30 days and in the cold season for not less than 60 days, as a result of which the mixture is heated. For mixture of natural composting additionally used microbiological preparation "Байкал ЭМ-1" and irrigated mixture with a preparation diluted in water in ratio 1:10. Then the organic fertilizer mixture is spread on the dry field. Organic fertilizers are disked into the soil at depth of 5 cm. When disking a field with organic fertilizers, passage is carried out in two directions, longitudinal and transverse. Then ploughing is carried out not along the field slope, but perpendicular to horizontal lines to the slope direction. At the same time protective strips with a shape of a wavy curve are sown with a grass mixture at norm of 15-17 kg/hectare in the ratio of eastern galega to awnless brome 1:0.75 accordingly. Such technology will make it possible to protect soil against wind erosion and to accumulate water as snow melts before full sprouts.

EFFECT: method provides soil protection against wind erosion and increased yield of perennial crops with low energy consumption due to reduction of area and layer of pre-sowing tillage of soil, germination acceleration, increase of field germination capacity of seeds, creation of optimal conditions for growth and development of crops and reduction of plants weediness.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to geomorphology and can be used to strengthen the soil surface and sow agricultural crops in conditions of wind erosion.

Erosion is the damage of soil by wind and water. The movement of destruction products and their redeposition.

Soil damage by water occurs mainly on slopes from which water flows, rain or melt. Erosion can be flat (the soil is uniformly washed away by water runoff, which does not have time to be absorbed), trickling (shallow gullies are formed, eliminated by ordinary cultivation), and deep erosion (it washes away soil and rocks with strong streams of water).

Destruction of soil by wind, otherwise called DEFLATION, can develop on any type of relief, even on plains. Deflation can be daily (low-speed winds lift soil particles into the air and carry them to other areas) and periodic, i.e. dust storms (high-speed wind lifts the entire top layer of soil into the air and carries these masses over long distances).

Soil protection from water erosion is a whole complex of agro-ameliorative and hydro-ameliorative measures that must be carried out according to a pre-agreed plan:

- organizational and economic work (periodic survey of fields with the preparation of plans and maps, comprehensive assessment of erosion processes, development of an action plan and monitoring of their implementation).

- agro-ameliorative measures are a crop rotation system taking into account soil protection. It involves planting perennial crops, placing crops in strips on slopes, developing and installing a snow retention system to prevent soil erosion by melt water.

- forest and hydromelioration protection of soil. It involves planting forest strips on slopes, constructing channels for melt water drainage, terracing slopes, creating dams and artificial reservoirs.

Soil protection from wind erosion is a set of measures designed to prevent soil weathering and ensure the preservation of the upper fertile layer. For this purpose, soil-protective crop rotation is used, which involves the placement of strips of grain crops and perennial grasses.

In the Russian Federation, 35 million hectares of soil are eroded by water, and 15.9 million hectares by wind, while the real danger of water erosion exists on 29.6 million hectares, and wind erosion on 45 million hectares. Moreover, in such regions as the Volga and North Caucasus, which are important in terms of sustainable grain production, up to 90% of the area of agricultural land is classified as eroded and dangerous in terms of erosion.

The increase in crop yields in open areas decreases at optimal humidity by 30%. In the fields, not only the wind regime changes, but also the microclimate elements associated with it: the temperature and humidity of the air and soil, the distribution of snow, etc.

Air temperature is related to the temperature of the earth's surface and the rate of heat exchange, which is determined by wind speed and turbulence intensity. Low-growing grass strips (in the form of bushes), located on the path of surface runoff, significantly reduce spring surface runoff, as well as summer rainfall runoff. This is due to the fact that the soil in the strips (in the bands) freezes to a shallow depth and is capable of providing water absorption of up to 1 mm/min. The above-ground parts of plants create a rough surface.

In flat conditions (on sections up to 1.5°-2.0°) the strips are placed in a direction perpendicular to the prevailing winds. At the same time, studies have established that the width of the protected field changes depending on the angle of the wind meeting the strip. The distance between the strips (bands) is taken into account the height that average-aged crops of plants reach in these conditions and the design of the strips (bands).

At the same time, the minimum size of the inter-strip cell can reach 25 hectares. Reducing evaporation from the soil surface allows for a 20-30% reduction in irrigation rates for agricultural crops.

Soil protection from erosion is one of the priority areas of agricultural technology. It pursues two goals - preventing erosion and weathering of the fertile layer and increasing crop yields, these goals are inseparable from each other.

In the theoretical part, it should be noted that the law of soil blowing, based on the mass exchange parameter and the constant characterizing the soil properties, which has a general form, and is described in the known literature as a model of wind erosion. Variability of the indicators of wind erosion of the soil occurs at a constant wind speed, which is due to the properties of the soil - structural composition, the size of the eroded field and the depth of the blown away layer.

It should be noted that even a small darkening of the soil surface when growing row crops sharply increases the risk of wind erosion in the spring-early summer period, and water erosion in the autumn period. According to Belarusian researchers, during the development of dust storms, the removal of dry matter from peat soils can reach 2-7 t/ha per day, and up to 1.5 t/ha of dry matter, as well as organic matter, is washed out of them per year.

Thus, soil degradation causes researchers to be increasingly interested in studying its causes and mechanisms. Therefore, it can be noted that the most common result of using anti-erosion techniques is an increase in the resistance of the soil to wind action. It should also be noted here that the theory of particle capture from the flow by a vortex is known, given by Zhukovsky (1923), but its flat vortex is destroyed upon contact with the surface. Other authors note that small dust particles lying on the surface of soil particles, "... can be blown away only if the air of the lower tiers is broken through by a vortex sucking out the particle." In this case, Zhukovsky's theory should be extended to vortices with a vertical axis, which allows finding the lifting force without going into the details of the interaction of an individual vortex with the soil. This is explained by the fact that the average energy density of the passage of vortices is determined by the density of the kinetic energy of the air flow generating them, which is uniquely determined by its average speed outside the roughness layer. Therefore, the lifting force of a vortex was associated with the excess pressure created near its axis, which is proportional to the square of the average speed of the air flow, its density and the cross-sectional area of the particle.

From this we can conclude that the eroding action of the vortex air flow is provided by the lifting force of those vortices which, having a vertical axis of rotation, touch the soil with the end through which the soil particles are captured. The lifting force is determined by the size of the particle, as well as the density and average speed of the air flow according to Zhukovsky's lifting force equation.

A method for cultivating sloping lands is known, which includes cultivating the soil across the slope, characterized in that the cultivation is carried out by deep loosening to a depth of up to 60 cm with the simultaneous formation of intra-soil walls from uncultivated soil, alternating with loosened areas of soil, while the thickness of the intra-soil wall should be less than the width of the loosening area (Patent RU No. 2255450, A01B 13/16 dated 10.07.2005).

The disadvantage of the known method is that the width of the formed intra-soil walls from untreated soil remains constant along the length of the eroded area and is not tied to the slope of the complex slope, i.e. to its horizontal, which meanders significantly on the complex slope, and the formed gap will fill up with soil quite quickly during the period of precipitation runoff.

A method for non-moldboard cultivation of sloping lands is known, including non-moldboard vertical slitting to a depth of up to 0.3 m and surface mulching of the upper soil layer to the sowing depth, characterized in that the soil preparation is carried out in two phases, and in the first phase in the fall, vertical slits of size K×b× _h1 - respectively 0.05×0.3×0.3 m are made in the soil with hoe-shaped working bodies with an adjustable pitch S, which varies within the range from 0.1 to 0.3 m, and with their placement in a checkerboard pattern, and then in the spring the second phase is carried out by continuous surface loosening and mulching of the soil with tools with rotary working bodies to the depth of seed sowing (Patent RU No. 2487518, A01B 79/02, A01B 13/16, A01B 35/16 dated (20.07.2013).

The disadvantage of this method is that the vertical slots created on complex slopes are made with the rectilinear movement of the machine-tractor unit and the trajectory of their location, obtained in a checkerboard pattern, will differ from the contours representing the outline of an agricultural field at the same height above sea level.

A method of applying fertilizers and sowing seeds by cutting slits in the soil, distributing fertilizers in them, and then sealing them is known (Author's Certificate SU No. 912087, A01B 49/04 dated 15.03.1982).

Although this method distributes fertilizers evenly across the entire bottom of the fertilizer furrows, it does not ensure their rational consumption by the root system of the sown plants and does not protect the soil from the subsequent development of deflation processes during the sowing-full emergence period.

A method of sowing seeds is known, which includes the formation of a ridge profile on untouched soil, laying seeds on the tops of the ridges, which are mulched with a thin layer, and the depth of the ridge profile is equal to the distance between the tops of adjacent ridges (Patent RU No. 2070370, A01B 79/02, A01C 7/00 dated 20.12.1996).

The main disadvantage of the given method is that when forming a ridge profile, at any angle of the ridge tops, the destruction of untouched soil always occurs due to the friction forces of the coulter on the soil and the grain will lie on the loosened soil, and not on the disturbed soil. In addition, the density of untouched soil, especially on the surface where the seeds are placed, is not always sufficiently compacted for effective moisture lifting through capillaries to the surface, since there are always plant residues and a mulch layer on the surface. However, the latter do not provide complete protection of the soil from deflation in arid regions with a directional wind regime.

A method of sowing seeds and applying fertilizers to the soil is known, which consists of making vertical slits in the soil at right angles to each other and sealing fertilizers into them, and through the tops of the square cells formed between them, furrows are made and seeds are sown into them (Author's certificate SU No. 1119624, A01C 7/00 dated 10/23/1984).

The disadvantage of this method is that it is difficult to implement in practice, since with separate application of fertilizers and sowing of seeds it is difficult to achieve coordinated and accurate sowing in square cells with applied fertilizers and does not provide protection of the soil from wind erosion.

A method for pre-sowing soil cultivation and seed sowing and a device for implementing it are known, which include pre-sowing loosening of the surface soil layer, forming a furrow for seeds in the loosened soil, forming a compacted bed at the bottom of the furrow on untouched soil, sowing seeds in the furrow and covering them with a loosened layer of soil from between the rows (Patent RU No. 2284094, A01C 7/00, A01B 79/02 dated 09/27/2006).

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide protection of the soil from wind erosion in the spring and early spring periods.

A method is known for protecting soils from wind erosion on clean fallow lands by creating a soil crust through autumn soil rolling (Author's Certificate SU No. 1674699, A01B 13/16 dated 09/07/1991).

However, the availability of this method of protecting soils from wind erosion on clean fallow lands is not ensured by a technical solution for the method of sowing crops on the soil crust.

A method is known for pre-sowing soil cultivation and seed sowing, which includes cultivating the surface soil layer by harrowing, forming a furrow for seeds by shifting the soil layer into the inter-strip space with simultaneous undercutting of the soil layer in the inter-strip space without turning the layer, compacting the bed, sowing seeds and incorporating them by back-transferring the soil shifted into the inter-strip space with the formation of a soil layer 4-5 cm high above the seeds, which is then flattened and rolled (Author's Certificate SU No. 1764544, A01C 7/00, A01B 79/02 dated 30.09.1992).

The main disadvantage of the given method is the deep embedment of seeds, which significantly reduces crop yields due to the irrational use of energy reserves of seeds and the creation of unfavorable conditions for seed germination compared to weeds in the inter-rows. The threat of soil deflation is not eliminated due to the fact that post-sowing rolling of the upper dried soil layer does not eliminate the ability of fine earth to move in the presence of wind.

It should be additionally noted that the analysis of known existing methods of processing sloping, erosion-hazardous soils showed that their use also has a number of technological disadvantages. With no-moldboard cultivation, stubble is preserved to a significant extent, but there is a pronounced differentiation of the arable layer, both in agrophysical parameters (composition density, porosity, hardness, etc.) and agroclimatic properties (content of macro- and microelements, acidity of the soil solution, etc.). Due to the transformation of anaerobic microbiological processes, nitrogen nutrition of plants is especially deteriorated. With flat-cut loosening, the infectious principle of pests and diseases accumulates in the upper layer, and weediness increases. A pronounced heterogeneity of the arable layer is also manifested.

Thus, the methods of processing sloping lands to mechanical impact are mainly horizontally installed working parts of the equipment parallel to the soil surface, which also increases the risk of runoff of soil and surface moisture.

A method for the reclamation of degraded lands in the Arctic and Subarctic conditions is known, which includes the formation of vegetation and soil cover by applying a substrate to bare soil (Patent RU No. 2321979, A01B 79/02 dated 20.04.2008).

The disadvantages of this method are that this method does not provide for strengthening the surface of degraded soil, for example, a sandy surface, with the prevention of further development of wind erosion, since fixing the phytomass with pegs and pins in areas with strong wind erosion without additional compaction or the use of reinforcing agents is technologically ineffective due to high wind speeds.

A method for strengthening the walls of a karst sinkhole using fungal spores is known, which consists in preparing a substrate by mixing components of specified sizes and in a specified quantity, and applying a layer of the substrate to the surface (Patent RU No. 2732874, E02D 3/12 dated 09.24.2019) - taken as a prototype).

The disadvantages of the above method are that the known method does not provide for strengthening of soils in the form of loose sandy surfaces, including other soils from wind erosion.

The proposed method allows to create a low-energy technology for sowing crop seeds (the so-called green umbrellas, as local - small-area plantings), providing protection of the soil from wind erosion in the autumn-spring and early spring (pre-emergence) periods, improving the quality of work, increasing crop yields by accelerating germination and increasing field germination of seeds, creating optimal conditions for the growth and development of crop plants and reducing weed infestation of plants, in addition, it provides for strengthening of soils and their surfaces, including from wind erosion.

The technical result is protection of soil from wind erosion and increase in the yield of perennial crops with low energy costs due to reduction of the area and layer of pre-sowing loosening of the soil, acceleration of germination, increase in field germination of seeds, creation of optimal conditions for growth and development of cultivated plants and reduction of weed infestation of plants.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the method for strengthening the soil surface from wind erosion in the conditions of the southwestern part of Belarus, including the preparation of a substrate in the form of a mixture by mixing the components and applying the mixture to the surface of the field, according to the invention, before preparing the field, during which the field area is divided into strip protective tapes - strips having the shape of a wavy curve, at least 1.0 m wide from each other with a constant wave period, coinciding in phase, by means of which the retention and accumulation of snow is carried out from the orientation of the strip tapes - strips and the direction of the prevailing winds, first carry out the preparation of organic fertilizers in the form of solid pig manure with a moisture content of 80-87%, which is mixed with bird droppings with a moisture content of 20-30% in a ratio of 1:3, respectively, the resulting mixture is subjected to natural composting in the warm season for at least 30 days, and in the cold season - at least 60 days, as a result of which the mixture is heated, while for the natural composting mixture, additionally use microbiological preparation "Baikal EM-1" and irrigate the mixture with the preparation diluted in water in a ratio of 1:10, then scatter the mixture of organic fertilizer over the dry field, disk the organic fertilizers into the soil to a depth of 5 cm, in addition, disk the field with organic fertilizers in two directions, longitudinal and transverse, then plowing is carried out not along the slope of the field, but perpendicular to the horizontals to the direction of the slope, while strip protective tapes-strips with a wave-shaped curve are sown with a grass mixture at a seeding rate of 15-17 kg / ha in a ratio of eastern goat's rue and awnless brome grass of 1: 0.75, respectively.

In addition, the preparation of a solution of the drug "Baikal EM-1" is carried out in drinking water.

It should be noted that in the conditions of production of poultry and livestock products (cattle, pig farming) on an industrial scale, a lot of bird droppings and livestock (cow and pig manure) accumulate in storage facilities. Storage facilities are a source of harmful substances and unpleasant odors. The creation of a method for the simultaneous processing of poultry manure and livestock manure into organic fertilizer in the form of compost before delivery to the planned field will eliminate their intermediate storage and provide an additional source of income for enterprises, and for consumers - organic fertilizer, and as noted, increase not only soil fertility, and, consequently, the yield of, for example, perennial grasses, but also ensure environmental management based on the prevention of soil erosion and control for well-drained fertile soil, which promotes plant growth in the event of rain erosion and wind erosion, water and soil loss on cultivated lands on slopes from 6 ° to 25 °, and therefore will suspend the developed erosion processes of the surface of the adjacent territory into the natural landscape.

The applicant's analysis of the level, including a search of patent and scientific and technical sources of information and the identification of sources containing information on analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that the applicant has not found an analogue characterized by features identical to all essential features of the claimed invention.

In order to verify the invention against the requirement of “inventive step”, the applicant conducted an additional search of known solutions in order to identify features that coincide with the distinctive features of the claimed invention from the closest analogue, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not follow clearly for a specialist from the known prior art, since the prior art does not reveal the influence of the envisaged essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of the technical result.

Consequently, the claimed invention meets the requirement of “inventive step” under current legislation.

The agrotechnical methods carried out should be aimed at the formation of accumulation of snow from the orientation of strip tapes of the divided field along a wave-like curve of at least 1.0 m width from each other between the axial lines of adjacent waves, coinciding in phase of the wave and provide to the direction of the prevailing winds in this territory. In addition, one of the main for the creation and orientation of strip tapes along a wave-like curve in the plan from wind erosion, is the improvement of the structure of the field grass stand, including an increase in the share of perennial leguminous grasses and grass mixtures and biologization of plant growing.

Wide opportunities are opened by introducing into the structure of grass sowing non-traditional perennial legume crops with increased capacity of nitrogen fixation at low energy costs. One of such crops is eastern goat's rue (Galega orientalis Lan). Eastern goat's rue has a number of advantages over traditional ones: clover and alfalfa - high stems, long-term productive cultivation in one place for 20 years or more. The height of plants reaches 100-180 cm, foliage - from 45 to 80% depending on the year of life of the grass stand on a ridge of a wave-shaped line in plan and with a constant wave period coinciding in phase (ℓ = 0). In this case, it is possible to create waves in practice with an amplitude equal to the distance between their adjacent axial lines, i.e. are made without overlapping in the longitudinal direction (Δ = 0).

The invention is illustrated by a drawing (Fig. 1), which shows a method for strengthening soil from wind erosion.

Eastern goat's rue is sown in ridges with a wave period of 1.0 m in width, before winter, before the soil freezes.

An important factor for different crops is the growth rate in the initial phase of development.

The root of the eastern goat's rue (which reminds us of shrub vegetation for a hedge) is taproot, penetrates to a depth of 50-80 cm, is well developed and has a large number of lateral branches, on which up to 1500 nodules are formed. During the growing season, the roots of the eastern goat's rue undergo the most intensive formation of nodules. The bulk of the roots are concentrated in the arable soil layer, a powerful bush 180 cm or more in height, which will provide (like a bush) together with grass mixtures of perennial plants a dividing protective strip along the territory and the direction of prevailing winds from erosion of the soil surface, and at the same time solve the problem of stopping already developed erosion processes and preventing further destruction and transformation of development from wind erosion, including a sandy surface or other soils, the adjacent territory into a natural landscape with an increase in soil fertility in combination with the introduced organic fertilizers of ecosystems.

Thus, the economic and biological spaces of eastern goat's rue in mixed crops with awnless brome 1:0.75, respectively, based on the assessment of agrochemical indicators of the soil, chemical analysis of plants for nutrient content, etc., make its introduction into protective strips for snow retention and strong wind erosion, promising for these territories, in particular from the wind regime of the territory of the Belarusian Polesie as a risk factor for soil deflation (this is a new innovative solution).

In addition, eastern goat's rue develops according to the winter type. Therefore, its cultivation is favorable in mixed crops in the form of sowing with awnless brome. This is due to the fact that eastern goat's rue has a slow growth rate of the above-ground mass during the first 2-3 years of life with simultaneous powerful development of the root system, and it is a "donor" crop of nitrogen nutrition for awnless brome, which, like eastern goat's rue, is characterized by long terms of cultivation of monoculture and a well-developed system, the ability to use nutrients from subsurface horizons. However, this deficiency of nitrogen nutrition occurs in the first year of plant life, for which it is necessary to compensate for this type of deficiency by using solid pig manure with a moisture content of 80-87% as organic fertilizers, which is mixed with bird droppings with a moisture content of 20-30% and taken in a ratio of 1:3, respectively, while the resulting mixture is subjected to natural composting in the warm season using a microbiological preparation - "Baikal-EM1" in a solution of 1:10. The resulting compost is scattered over a dry field and the soil is disked to a depth of 5 cm.

Therefore, it is important to create a strip-shaped, simultaneously in terms of the shape, wave-shaped protective strip (line) (Fig. 1) with a constant wave period with the prevention of further development of wind erosion, which indicates the beginning of the processes of restoration of the natural original plant community, the characteristic cultivation of perennial grasses and other cultivated plants on disturbed lands, providing protection from wind and water erosion.

In this regard, the topic of studying the methods of creating highly productive heterogeneous crops of eastern goat's rue with awnless brome grass in the case of using a substrate (compost) in the mixture depends to a greater extent on each component noted in the materials of the invention.

Goat's rue orientalis West variety - included in the State Register in 2014. The plant is of medium height, the growth form is erect. The intensity of the green color of the leaf is average. The leaf is ovoid, medium width, the stipule is rounded. The flowering time is earlier. The color of the flower is pink, the frequency of plants with white pink or light purple flowers is very high. The stem is of medium length and thickness, the height of the plants is average. The position of the bean on the plant is vertical, the bend is correct. There is a rhizome. The growth type is perennial.

The variety has a distinctive morphological feature - violet-pink (lilac) color of flowers. The height of plants reaches 105-146 cm, foliage - from 45 to 80% depending on the year of life of the grass stand. In addition. The Vesta variety is suitable for harvesting all types of bulky feed.

Brome grass - included in the register of approved in 2003. Perennial rhizomatous plant. Fibrous roots penetrate to a depth of 160-200 cm. Stems are straight, thickened, well-leafed, almost naked, 80-160 cm in height. Leaves are broadly linear, green, sometimes anthocyanin, leaf blades are 4-10 mm wide. Inflorescence is a loose panicle, spreading, grayish-green, often with anthocyanin 10-16 cm long, larger in the north, with an average number of seeds on 1 panicle of 65-70 and a maximum of 100-110. Spikelets with 5-12 flowers, lanceolate, green or anthocyanin. Fruit is a flattened elongated dark brown achene. The weight of 100 seeds is 3.5-3.8 grams, ranging from 3 to 5 grams. The weight of seeds in 1 panicle is 400-450 grams. Flowering occurs 2-2.5 months after growth or from the end of June and in July. Seeds ripen from the end of July to the beginning of August, in the north until mid-August. Flowering occurs during the period of lowest air humidity in the afternoon. Life expectancy is 5-7 years, can reach 10-20 years in floodplain areas.

Use in the territory of the Republic of Belarus, and taking into account the relevance of the proposed work, the above is a description of the use of mixed crops and the development of plants with wintering and after wintering on sod-podzolic and sandy loam soils and the creation after the melting of the snow cover to strengthen the surface open area under the wind regime of the territory of the Belarusian Polesie, which in combination with organic fertilizers ensures good plant development and an increase in effective soil fertility in conditions of wind erosion.

Example 1. Within the boundaries of a given section of a field, strip protective tapes are created along a wavy line (Fig. 1) with a constant period in the wave plan from species plants of a mixture of eastern goat's rue and awnless brome 1:0.75, respectively, the seeding rate is 15-17 kg/ha, not less than 1.0 m wide of the strip strip with a constant period in the wave plan. In this case, the waves, coinciding in phase (ℓ=0), the distance from each other between the axial lines of adjacent waves with a constant transition of the wave in the plan, by means of which snow is retained and protection from wind and water erosion is ensured. In addition, the width with a constant period of the wave, coinciding in phase (ℓ=0) is not less than the width of 1.0 m of the sown mixture of protective vegetation.

Example 2. Preparation for growing perennial grasses taking into account the specifics of preparing organic fertilizers of bird droppings and livestock, the latter consists of solid manure, with an additive to improve the quality of organic fertilizer and subsequent natural composting, when using the microbiological preparation "Baikal-EM1", and manure with a given humidity of livestock 80-87%, and bird droppings 20-30%, respectively, in a ratio of 1:3, when spreading over a dry field and disking the soil to a depth of 5 cm is carried out, while the pass is made in two directions, longitudinal and transverse, and plowing is carried out not along the slope, but perpendicular to the horizontals to the direction of the slope.

The microbiological preparation "Baikal-EM1" is a microbiological fertilizer consisting of a complex of specially selected microorganisms. The biopreparation includes lactic acid, photosynthetic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast fungi, enzymes, etc., which quickly and effectively process organic matter, while releasing a number of amino acids and other physiologically active substances that have a positive effect on soil health, plant growth and development.

Example 3. Based on the data from the certificate of conformity and the results of testing for compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.2.560-96, environmentally safe areas for disposal of the liquid fraction in storage ponds after industrial treatment facilities were determined based on the MAC indicators: hydrogen index (pH) - 6.5...8.5% mg/l; ammonium nitrogen - 0.39 mg/l; nitrate nitrogen - 9.1 mg/l; nitrite nitrogen - 0.2 mg/l; dry residue - 100 mg/l; sulfites - 100 mg/l; chlorides - 300 mg/l; phosphorus - 0.2 mg/l.

Thus, it provides the need to increase humus formation and soil fertility. Taking into account the terrain, plowing, soil cultivation, the rate of application of fertilizer mixture, field layout, etc. leads not only to savings and limited labor and energy costs, but also environmental requirements are met to enhance the activity of soil microorganisms and ensure the strengthening of the surface of degraded soil, preventing further development of wind erosion with full restoration of the grass cover of perennial grasses on disturbed lands, providing protection from wind and water erosion.

When preparing organic fertilizer in the form of compost, the following can be used: bird droppings according to TU 9849-008-00008064-95; pig manure according to OST 10-118-96; drinking water according to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074. The finished compost does not have pathogenic microflora or an unpleasant odor. The compost structure is fine-grained, and the humidity is no more than 65%. Compost can be prepared at any time of the year, since it is heated to a certain temperature when mixed.

Therefore, the species and variety composition of the components of organic fertilizers from poultry manure and livestock with the addition of the drug "Baikal-EM1" using the cultivation of the specified leguminous plants should be taken into account in order to ensure the strengthening of the surface of degraded soil, with the prevention of further development of wind erosion, simultaneously solving the problem of soil enrichment, increasing the yield of agricultural crops, etc., with ensuring soil fertility.

Thus, taking into account the terrain, when creating a strengthening of the soil surface from wind erosion using strip protective tapes-strips in the form of a wave-shaped curve, as well as using organic fertilizers in the form of compost with sowing of grass mixture in the calculated rates, reduces the cost price, and the creation of an economically safe energy-saving technology for growing high-stemmed eastern goat's rue with awnless brome for strip protective tapes-strips, and prevents further development of wind erosion in the zones of the Republic of Belarus and Russia, contributes to the improvement of agricultural landscapes in general.

Claims (2)

1. A method for strengthening the soil surface from wind erosion in the conditions of the southwestern part of Belarus, including the preparation of a substrate in the form of a mixture by mixing the components and applying the mixture to the surface of a field, characterized in that before preparing the field, during which the field area is divided into strip protective tapes - strips in the form of a wavy curve, at least 1.0 m wide from each other with a constant wave period, coinciding in phase, by means of which the retention and accumulation of snow is carried out from the orientation of the strip tapes-strips and the direction of the prevailing winds, first, organic fertilizers are prepared in the form of solid pig manure with a moisture content of 80-87%, which is mixed with poultry manure with a moisture content of 20-30% in a ratio of 1:3, respectively, the resulting mixture is subjected to natural composting in the warm season for at least 30 days, and in the cold season - at least 60 days, as a result of which the mixture is heated, while a microbiological preparation is additionally used for the natural composting mixture "Baikal EM-1" and irrigate the mixture with the preparation diluted in water in a ratio of 1:10, then scatter the mixture of organic fertilizer over the dry field, disk the organic fertilizers into the soil to a depth of 5 cm, in addition, when disking the field with organic fertilizers, pass in two directions, longitudinal and transverse, then plowing is carried out not along the slope of the field, but perpendicular to the horizontals to the direction of the slope, while strip protective tapes-strips with a wave-shaped curve are sown with a grass mixture at a rate of 15-17 kg / ha in a ratio of eastern goat's rue and awnless brome grass of 1: 0.75, respectively. 2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the preparation of the solution of the drug "Baikal EM-1" is carried out in drinking water.

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