SU1547805A1 - Method and apparatus for peeling fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the canning and vegetable drying industry, in particular, to equipment for the purification of agricultural fruits, such as garlic, from the peel. The purpose of the invention is to intensify and improve the quality of cleaning, as well as reduce energy costs. The goal is achieved by the fact that an alternating pressure is created in a vortex flow of a liquid medium with the circulation of beams of plane shock waves of electric discharges in it, which excite in a liquid with a repetition frequency, the resonant frequency of natural oscillations of the medium, and are directed into the flow in a direction of rotation the environment, the peeled fruits being removed from the outer perimeter of the vortex flow, and the peel with the liquid from its central zone. The cleaning device comprises a housing 1 with nozzles 2,3,4,5 of supply, removal of fruits, liquid and peel with liquid, respectively, a hollow cone 6, a working body for creating pressure oscillations, made in the form of an end parabolic reflector 9, which is provided with electrodes 10 mounted with an interelectrode gap at the focus of a parabolic surface and connected to an electrical power source 11 and a switching unit 12. The reflector 9 is mounted with an open cut on the collector 8 and the fluid supply nozzle 4, which is directed to the tangent Specially in the narrow part of the cavity of the housing 1. 2 p. and 2 hp ff, 1 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the canning industry, in particular to the equipment for the cleaning of onions, garlic, and jru agricultural fruits from

n: g: k | ezhury.

The aim of the invention is to intensify the process and improve the quality of cleaning, as well as reducing energy costs.

The drawing schematically shows a device for peeling of agricultural fruits, 4.

The device for peeling of agricultural fruits from the peel contains case 1, made in the form of a cut cone with 2-5 branch pipes and fruit withdrawals, as well as flow 5 and removal of the peel with water according to the hollow cone 6, installed ioaxially an annular gap housing, an annular collector 7 for discharging Purified fruits, a supply collector 8 for iodine 40, an end parabolic reflector 9, electrodes 10 placed in the reflector and connected to a source 11 of pulsed electric piezo and switching unit 12, as well as Yuschu shell 13.

The fruit feeding nozzle 2 is located coaxially from the side of the truncated top of the body 1. The fruit outlet nozzle 3 is fixed on the annular manifold 7, which is mounted on the larger perimeter of the wide base of the body 1. The pipe 4 is installed tangentially on a narrow part of the side wall of the housing 1, provided with a water supply collector 8 and an end reflector 9 of an electric spark arrester, which is made with a reflex surface in the form of a paraboloid of rotation,

50

55

0

five

0

5 0 s

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five

fixed open cut reflex surface on the collector 8 coaxially with the pipe 4 and communicated through the collector and the pipe with the cavity of the housing 1 "

The electrodes 10 are placed in the reflector 9 with an interelectrode gap in the focus of its parabolic surface. The shell 13 is installed on the wide bottom of the housing 1 coaxially on the nozzle 3 removal of the peel with water.

An example of execution.

The housing 1 of the device is made of steel in the shape of a truncated cone with a height of 1.5 m, a diameter in the truncated apex of 2-10 m and 1.4 m in a wide base, which is equipped with a nozzle

2 feeding of fruits with a diameter of 2 m, installed from the side of the truncated top and collector, 7 with a branch pipe

3 tap peeled fruit.

The collector 7 is made of an annular shape with a large diameter of 1.4 m, a width of 2-10 m installed around the perimeter of the wide base of the housing 1. The pipe 3 is provided with a hydraulic lock (not shown).

In the wide bottom of the housing 1, the outlet 5 of the peel is placed coaxially with water, m in diameter. The inner end of the outlet 5 is located codexally in the central area of the housing 1s in the cavity of the cone 6 with an interval to the walls of the latter from 0.5 to 1 of the outlet diameter. The cone 6 is made of steel sheet with a height of 0.8 m, with a diameter in the wide part of 0.7 m, placed coaxially in the housing 1 with intervals to its walls from 0.3 to 0.4 m and mounted on the nozzle 5.

Pipe 4 with a diameter of 2-10 m is fixed tangentially on the narrow part

the side wall of the housing 1 and is provided with a water supply manifold 8. Collector

8 ring mounted coaxially on the pipe 4 and connected by pipeline /.

with water supply system.

The electric discharger reflector 9 is made of steel in the form of a cap with a reflex surface in the form of a paraboloid of rotation with a slit diameter 1, m. part of the cavity of body 1 is tangential

The electrodes 10 rod, made of steel, fixed in the reflector

9 coaxially to each other with an interelectrode gap m in the focus of the parabolic reflector surface. One of the electrodes 10 is connected to the pole of the source 11 of the pulsed electrical power with grounding, and the other electrode 10 is installed with electrical insulation and connected to the other pole of the source 11 through the unit

12 switching.

A high-voltage capacitor with a power-generating electric generator with a voltage of 10 V, a discharge energy of J and a generator power of kW was used as a source 11 of a pulsed electric power supply.

The switching unit 12 is installed with the possibility of arc-free connection of the electrodes 10 to the source capacitor 11 with a frequency of 12 connections per second. The switching unit triggering device is electrically coupled to the frequency meter sensor installed in the wide part of housing 1. On the bottom of housing 1 coaxially with pipe 5, there is a conical shell 13, the truncated tip of which is flush with the wide base of the cone 6. Pipe 5 through a filter device and a pump are connected by a pipeline to a water supply manifold 8. Case 1 and reflector 9 of the bit are externally covered with sound insulation.

The method is carried out as follows.

Through the collector 8 and the pipe 4 supply water to the housing 1 with the filling of its cavity and the flow rate of 10 l / s

at a water flow rate of up to 1 m / s. Through the pipe 4 into the housing 1 serves the product for cleaning (garlic heads) in a volume of 0.01-0.1 to the volume of water supplied 1 kg / s (3.6 t / h).

Through the switching unit 12, the electrodes 10 are connected to the capacitor of the source 11 with a frequency of connections per second (the resonant frequency of natural oscillations of the medium in the cavity of the housing 1). Each time the electrodes 10 are connected in the interelectrode gap, a spark discharge with a capacity of 10 -5-10 5-10 W, duration tp, with the release of energy Q W tp 5-106 occurs. 2J. Spark excites in the water in the reflector 9, a hydrodynamic shock wave with a power of 8Wp

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five

five

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five

W with energy

10 j

4-10 wave.

A shock wave with a frequency response of predominantly 20 kHz propagates from the discharge channel in radial directions, reaches the parabolic surface of the reflector 9, is reflected from it, and in the form of a beam of plane waves is directed through the collector 8 and the nozzle 4 into the body 1 tangentially. In case 1, the wave is repeatedly reflected from the conical side wall and along the chords of its surface it circulates in the annular cavity between the walls of the case and the cone 6 in the direction of rotation and movement of water into a wide part of the case. In this case, the wave exerts an alternating pressure on the garlic's water in the water, and transmits mechanical impulses to the medium in the direction of its rotation. By repeating the discharges, the shock waves increase the rotation of the medium in the housing 1. Under the action of alternating pressure shock waves with a pressure gradient

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10-10 Pa of garlic heads are divided into fruit slices, the peel of which separates from the fruit and goes into the water. In the annular flow of the medium, centrifugal forces act on the garlic heads, as well as pressure forces of the shock waves directed radially, which separate the peeled fruits from the water flow onto the side wall of the housing 1, through which they flow into the collector 7 and divert through the nozzle 3.

The peel, which has a lower specific gravity and greater windage, is picked up by the flow of water flowing from the annular flow into the central one: the ion of the cone 6 and together with the water is withdrawn from the cone cavity through the nozzle 5.

The work of the spark electric discharge is ensured by a Wr Wp-tp h 5-106 powering electric generator. 104 -103 kW. Water is supplied to chamber 1 by a pump with a 2 kW motor. The intensity and degree of purification is controlled by varying the power of spark electrical discharges from 10 to W 7 W.

The proposed method and device Provide an intensification of the process and an improvement in the quality of cleaning due to the Repeating effect on the fruits of a Pulsed Variable Pressure of shock waves of electric discharges. The high energy concentration in the shock waves of the discharges and the circulation of the 3 vortex flow is reduced to 5 times. The energy costs of the process are Compared with the known.

Claims (4)

1. The method of peeling fruits from processing them by treating them in a liquid flow with variable pressure and withdrawing peeled fruits and peel, characterized in that, in order to intensify the process and improve the quality of cleaning, reduce energy costs, variable pressure is created in a vortex flow of the environment with the Ensure the circulation of beams of plane shock waves in it, directed in the direction of rotation of the flow of the medium tangentially, while the peeled fruits are diverted from the periphery of the vortex flow, and the skin with liquid is withdrawn from the central zone, and the beams shock waves are produced by electrical discharges. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical Q bits are repeated at the frequency, the resonant frequency of natural oscillations 3. A device for peeling fruits, containing a conical box 5. A bus with nozzles for feeding fruits and liquids, removing fruits and peels with a liquid, a working member for creating pressure oscillations, characterized in that, in order to intensify the process, to improve the quality of cleaning and energy consumption, it additionally contains a hollow cone, installed coaxially in a housing with an annular gap, and the working 5, the organ is made in the form of a parabolic face reflector with electrodes fixed on its surface with a gap, set at the focus of the parabolic surface, open The reflector section is connected to the fluid supply nozzle, directed tangentially to the narrow part of the conical body. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of separation of the fruit from the peel, the branch pipe of the fruit is provided with an annular manifold placed along the perimeter of the wide base 0 body, and the pipe outlet of the peel with a liquid installed in the cavity of the cone five