RU2849578C1 - Pneumatic seeding device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic seeding machine consists of a seed hopper (1), divided by a removable partition (2) into two parts, a sowing device with two side covers and a ring, a fastening bar in the centre and a mounting hole for the axis of the sowing device ring, air nozzles (5) and a two-section skid-type coulter (7). On each side of the sowing device ring, there are open half-cells, the distance between which is twice their diameter. The width of the sowing device ring is 1.5 times greater than the larger diameter of the half-cell. The half-cells on one side of the sowing device ring are located in the centre between the half-cells on the other side. Both nozzles (5) are removable with a thread and are installed above the half-cells. The sowing device is equipped with a threaded plug.

EFFECT: increased yield, production of high-quality protein-rich feed through the combined sowing of two crops.

1 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to pneumatic seeding devices that can be used in seeders, primarily for single-grain seeding.

A pneumatic seeding apparatus is known, which includes a seed hopper, a seeding disk with through holes and a nozzle for supplying air to the cells, the seeding disk is equipped with a ring, mated with its inner surface, which is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the axis of rotation of the disk, and is made in the form of a cylinder, along the length of which several rows of through cells are located (USSR Author's Certificate No. 818524, IPC A01C 7/04, 1981).

The disadvantages of the known seeding apparatus are:

a) the seeding apparatus is used only for nest sowing and does not allow sowing two different crops simultaneously in a combined manner;

b) the device does not have a seed ejector, which leads to disruption of the seed sowing process.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed seeding device is the universal pneumatic seeding device selected as a prototype, consisting of a seed hopper divided by a partition into sections, a seeding device with two side covers and a pair of rings with conical cells, a fastening strip in the center and a mounting hole for the axis of the rings, an air nozzle and a skid-shaped coulter (p. No. 2823817, IPC A01C 7/04, 2024).

The known device has disadvantages:

- two pairs of rings are used to sow seeds of different crops using different patterns;

- the device for removing excess seeds from the cells is equipped with four nozzles that cannot be removed;

- to shift the rings around the circle to change the seeding patterns, two shafts with two sprockets and two bearings are used.

The technical objective of the invention is to simplify the design and increase economic efficiency.

The technical result consists in increasing crop yields and obtaining high-quality feed rich in protein due to the combined sowing of two crops.

The technical result is achieved in that a pneumatic seeding apparatus consisting of a seed hopper divided into parts by a partition, a seeding device with two side covers and a ring, a fastening strip in the center and a mounting hole for the axis of the seeding device ring, air nozzles and a skid-shaped coulter, characterized in that the seed hopper of the seeding device is divided by a partition into two parts with the possibility of dismantling it, on each side of the seeding device ring there are open half-cells, the distance between which is twice their diameter, the width of the seeding device ring is 1.5 times greater than the larger diameter of the half-cell, the half-cells of one side of the seeding device ring are located in the center between the half-cells of the other, both nozzles are made removable on a thread and are installed above the half-cells, the seeding device is provided with a threaded plug, and the skid-shaped coulter is made in two sections.

The invention is explained by drawings.

In Fig. 1 there is shown a pneumatic seeding unit in 3D design, general view; in Fig. 2 - the same, side view; in Fig. 3 - the same, front view; in Fig. 4 - a seeding unit in section in a vertical plane; in Fig. 5 - the same, with a chain transmission; in Fig. 6 - a metering device with two nozzles; in Fig. 7 - the same with one nozzle; in Fig. 8 - a seeding disc with a bar; in Fig. 9 - a pneumatic device with one nozzle; in Fig. 10 - the same, with two nozzles; in Fig. 11 - a two-section skid-shaped coulter; in Fig. 12 - a plug.

The pneumatic seeding apparatus consists of a seed hopper 1, divided by a partition 2 into two parts with the possibility of dismantling it, which makes it possible to simultaneously sow two different crops in a dotted or combined manner.

The seed metering device is designed as a ring 3. On each side of the ring 3 of the metering device, there are open half-cells 4, the distance between which is twice the diameter of the half-cell 4. This is the optimal seed placement in the row. Increasing the distance will result in a larger seeding pitch, while decreasing it will violate agronomic requirements for seed placement in the row.

The creation of ring 3 with open half-cells 4 on each of its sides allows for sowing to be carried out using both dotted and combined methods, which leads to significant savings in metal.

Half-cells 4 on one side of ring 3 are located in the center between half-cells 4 on the other. The width of ring 3 is 1.5 times greater than the diameter of half-cell 4.

The placement of the half-cells 4 offset from the opposite side of the ring 3 allows for staggered seed placement. The metering device is equipped with two nozzles 5.

On the outside, on the sides of the seeding apparatus, there are two hoses 6 for supplying compressed air to the lower part of the rings 3 from the inside to the small diameter of the half-cells 4. In the upper part, the branches from the hoses 6 are made with threads for nozzles 5 and a threaded plug 8, which is installed instead of nozzle 5. Nozzles 5 are made removable with a thread at the end.

The runner coulter 7 is designed in two sections. Two nozzles 5 are positioned above the half-cells 4 at the edges of the ring 3, and two sections of the coulter 7 are mounted below the edges of the rings 3. This design of the nozzles 5 and the coulter 7 makes it possible to sow seeds in alternating crops using the combined seeding method, or to sow seeds from one or two different crops.

The universal pneumatic seeding machine operates as follows.

Example 1. When it is necessary to sow seeds of two crops, seeds of two different crops are loaded into each part of the bunker and two nozzles 5 are used.

Example 2. When sowing seeds of the same crop in a single row, partition 2 is removed and one section of hopper 1 is loaded with seeds of the same type. One nozzle 5 is removed and plug 8 is screwed in its place.

Example 3. If you're sowing seeds of the same crop in two rows, simply load the seeds into hopper 1. Nozzles 5 are not removed.

The dosing device allows you to easily switch from combined sowing to dotted sowing and vice versa.

The use of the proposed universal metering device allows to simplify the design of the seeding apparatus and increase the efficiency of the pneumatic seeding apparatus.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic seeding apparatus consisting of a seed hopper divided into parts by a partition, a seeding device with two side covers and a ring, a fastening strip in the center and a mounting hole for the axis of the seeding device ring, air nozzles and a skid-shaped coulter, characterized in that the seed hopper of the seeding device is divided by a partition into two parts with the possibility of dismantling it, on each side of the seeding device ring there are open half-cells, the distance between which is twice their diameter, the width of the seeding device ring is 1.5 times greater than the larger diameter of the half-cell, the half-cells of one side of the seeding device ring are located in the center between the half-cells of the other, both nozzles are made removable on a thread and are installed above the half-cells, the seeding device is provided with a threaded plug, and the skid-shaped coulter is made in two sections.