RU2845658C1 - Pneumatic sowing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic sowing device consists of seed hopper (1), divided by partition (2) into compartments, sowing device (3) with two side covers (4) and a pair of rings with conical half-cells open on one side, which are installed with possibility of displacement relative to each other, air nozzle (5) for air supply to upper joint of rings and skid ploughshare (13). One of the rings is provided with a fastening strip in the centre and a mounting hole for the axis of the rings. In the centre of each conical half-cell there is a horizontal through slot, the width of which is equal to 1/2 of its larger diameter and height is 1.3 mm. Ratio of the lower half-cell diameter to the upper half-cell, to the width of the pair of rings and to the outer diameter of the ring is equal to 1:4:6:32. In the lower part of the pair of rings, along the butt line of the inner diameter, there is an elastic roller seed ejector mounted on the cover of the sowing device on the side of the ring without a bar.

EFFECT: improving the quality of seed sowing.

1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to pneumatic seeding devices that can be used in seeders, primarily for single-grain seeding.

A pneumatic seeding device is known, which includes a seed hopper, a seeding disk with through holes and a nozzle for supplying air to the cells, the seeding disk is equipped with a ring, coupled with its inner surface, which is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the axis of rotation of the disk, and is made in the form of a cylinder, along the length of which several rows of through cells are located. (USSR Author's Certificate, 818524, IPC A 01C 7/04, 1981).

The disadvantages of the known seeding apparatus are:

a) the seeding device is used only for nest sowing and does not allow sowing two different crops simultaneously in a combined manner;

b) the device does not have a seed ejector, which leads to disruption of the seed sowing process.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a pneumatic seeding apparatus selected as a prototype, comprising a seed hopper divided by a partition into compartments, a seeding device with two side covers and a pair of rings with conical half-cells open on one side, installed with the possibility of displacement relative to each other, wherein one of the rings is made with a fastening strip in the center and a mounting hole for the axis of the rings, an air nozzle and a skid-shaped coulter, that the apparatus is equipped with an additional pair of rings with half-cells mounted on the half-axis, each pair of rings is made with an independent drive, the half-axis of one pair of rings is connected through a bearing to the half-axis of the other pair, the width of one pair of rings is 1.25 times greater than the width of the other (RU Patent No. 2823817, IPC A01C 7/04, 2024).

The known device has disadvantages:

Under the influence of the air flow, all seeds should be blown out except for one, pressed to the bottom of the half-cell, but the probability of all seeds being blown out of the half-cell is high, and this leads to a decrease in yield, which is unacceptable.

The technical objective of the invention is to improve the quality of seed sowing.

The stated technical task is achieved in that in a pneumatic seeding apparatus consisting of a seed hopper divided by a partition into compartments, a seeding device with two side covers and a pair of rings with conical half-cells open on one side, which are installed with the possibility of displacement relative to each other, wherein one of the rings is made with a fastening strip in the center and a mounting hole for the axis of the rings, an air nozzle for supplying air to the upper joint of the rings and a skid-shaped coulter, according to the invention, a horizontal through slot is made in the center of each conical half-cell, the width of which is equal to 1/2 of its larger diameter and a height of 1.3 mm, the ratio of the lower diameter of the half-cell to the upper, to the width of the pair of rings and to the outer diameter of the ring is 1:4:6:32, wherein in the lower part of the pair of rings along the joint line of the inner diameter an elastic roller seed ejector is placed, fixed on cover of the seeding unit from the side of the ring without a bar.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a pneumatic seeding apparatus in 3D design; Fig. 2 is the same, side view in vertical section; Fig. 3 is the same, front view; Fig. 4 is the same, vertical section of a pair of rings without offset; Fig. 5 is the same, vertical section of a pair of rings with offset; Fig. 6 is a pair of rings on an axis with offset for combined sowing; Fig. 7 is the same, without offset of rings for dotted sowing; Fig. 8 is a ring without a bar; Fig. 9 is a ring with a bar; Fig. 10 is a skid-shaped coulter.

The pneumatic seeding device consists of a seed hopper 1 divided with a removable partition 2, a seeding device 3 with two side covers 4, an upper nozzle 5 and a pair of rings 6 and 7 with conical half-cells 8 and 9 open on one side with slots along the horizontal plane. Rings 6 and 7 are installed with the possibility of displacement relative to each other.

Ring 6 is made with a fastening strip 10, in the center of which a square landing hole is made for axis 11. The seeding unit contains a roller seed ejector 12 and a skid-shaped coulter 13, fixed under rings 6 and 7.

In the center of each conical half-cell there is a horizontal through-cut, the width of which is equal to 1/2 of its larger diameter, and the height is 1.3 mm. The width of the pair of rings is equal to two diameters of half-cells 8 and 9.

The ratio of the lower diameter of the half-cell to the upper diameter, to the width of the pair of rings and to the outer diameter of the ring is 1:4:6:32.

If these ratios are not observed, the design of the dosing device may be damaged, for example, if the outer diameters of rings 6 and 7 are different, the operability of the seeding device will be damaged; if the parameters of the cells and the width of the rings are not observed, this will lead to an unjustified overspending of material.

The ratio of the side of the square of the mounting hole for the axis 11 to the width of the fastening strip 10 is 1:1.25. Increasing the side of the square of the mounting place leads to an increase in the width of the strip 10 and, consequently, to an increase in the metal content.

Axle 11 is equipped with bearing 14 and 15, sprocket 16 and fastening nut 17. Bunker 1 is equipped with discharge window valve 18.

The coulter 13 is fixed in the lower part of the seeding unit under rings 6 and 7. The width of the coulter 13 is equal to the width of the pair of rings 6 and 7.

At the bottom of the pair of rings, along the joint line of the inner diameter, there is an elastic roller ejector 12 seeds, fixed to the cover of the seeding apparatus on the side of the ring without a bar.

The pneumatic seeding device works as follows.

Before starting work, seeds of two different crops are loaded into the compartments of bunker 1. The coulter 13 is set to the required seed placement depth.

During operation, compressed air is supplied by means of an exhauster (not shown in the figure) through a nozzle 5 for supplying compressed air to the joint of rings 6 and 7 in their upper part to half-cells 8 and 9 with a larger diameter. Rings 6 and 7, mounted on axis 11, rotate by means of a chain transmission from the press wheel of the seeder section.

Seeds of various crops fall by gravity into the through conical half-cells 8 and 9 from the corresponding sections of the bunker 1. Under the influence of the air flow, all seeds should be blown out except for one, pressed to the bottom of the half-cell 8 and 9, but the probability of all seeds being blown out of the half-cell is high due to the unpredictability of the trajectory of the seeds at the moment of exposure to the air flow. This can lead to the removal of all seeds from the half-cell, in which case voids appear in the sown row of seeds, and this is a direct violation of the established seed sowing standards, which is directly related to a decrease in the yield of the produced crop, and this is unacceptable. Therefore, in order to increase the degree of reliability of preserving one seed pressed to the bottom of the conical half-cells and removing the rest, a slot is made on their side surface, where part of the air stream passes from the nozzle 5, installed above the end part of the pair of rings 6 and 7, thereby creating an obstacle to removing all the seeds from the half-cells 8 and 9.

Rings 6 and 7 together with the seeds in the half-cells 8 and 9, performing a rotational movement, reach their lower position, where the seeds, under the influence of the roller ejector, are thrown into the furrow opened by the coulter 13. Then the soil with the seeds is compacted using a soil compactor.

The pneumatic seeding unit allows for easy transition from combined seeding to dotted seeding and vice versa. Other seeding options are also possible.

The use of the proposed device will improve the quality of seed sowing.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic seeding unit consisting of a seed hopper divided by a partition into compartments, a seeding device with two side covers and a pair of rings with conical half-cells open on one side, which are installed with the possibility of displacement relative to each other, wherein one of the rings is made with a fastening strip in the center and a mounting hole for the axis of the rings, an air nozzle for supplying air to the upper joint of the rings and a skid-shaped coulter, characterized in that a horizontal through slot is made in the center of each conical half-cell, the width of which is equal to 1/2 of its larger diameter and a height of 1.3 mm, the ratio of the lower diameter of the half-cell to the upper, to the width of the pair of rings and to the outer diameter of the ring is 1:4:6:32, wherein in the lower part of the pair of rings along the joint line of the inner diameter an elastic roller seed ejector is placed, fixed to the cover of the seeding unit on the side of the ring without a bar.