RU2847208C1 - Method of increasing milk production of ruminant animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fodder production and is intended to increase milk production for ruminant animals. Method consists in the fact that a mixture intended for correction of hyperelementosis of toxic elements in animals is added to the concentrated fodder. Mixture consists of sodium sulphate Na₂SO₄, nanoparticles of silicon dioxide SiO₂ and distiller's dried grains. Sodium sulphate Na₂SO₄ is administered at dosage of 20 g/head, silicon dioxide nanoparticles SiO₂ – at dosage of 0.0017 g/head, and distiller's dried grains – at dosage of 500 g/head, kneading into a concentrated part of feed and feeding animals once a day during entire period of growing.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to enhance milk productiveness of animals.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, specifically to a method for increasing milk production in ruminants. The method involves feeding a ration together with a feed additive consisting of sodium sulfate ( _Na2SO4 ) at a dosage of 20 g/head, silicon dioxide nanoparticles ( _SiO2 ) at a dosage _of 1.7 mg/head, and dry distillers grains (DDG) at 500 g/head.

The objective of the invention is to obtain a method for feeding ruminants that increases milk productivity.

Increasing the productivity of farm animals and increasing production volumes is one of the main objectives of modern animal husbandry [1]. Key nutrients that ensure the effective functioning of all body systems, especially in cows, are macro- and microelements [2]. Mineral metabolism in cows significantly affects not only the quantity of produced goods but also their quality [3].

The development of mineral complexes that stimulate metabolic processes in animal bodies and ensure increased productivity is a pressing issue in animal husbandry.

A method for increasing milk productivity is known, using a mineral supplement made from maral antler cake in cow feeding. The supplement has been extruded at a dose of 5-9 g/head for 10 days, three times, with an interval of 10 days. This method increases milk productivity by 13.1% [4]. However, there is no data on the effect of the mineral supplement made from maral antler cake on the elemental composition of milk.

A positive effect on milk production has been described for a premix for cows consisting of succinic acid, folic acid, selenium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iodine, manganese, magnesium, and vitamin D [5]. Average daily milk yield in the experimental group was 10.9% higher than in the control group. A disadvantage is the need for continuous use of this feed supplement throughout lactation. Also, given the premix's multi-component micronutrient composition, its effect on the content of other minerals (except calcium and phosphorus) in milk is not considered.

A known method for increasing milk productivity involves the use of a mineral feed supplement—the calcium carbonate micellate preparation "Aleksanat Zoo" brand "O" with a density of 1400-1550 g/l in the form of a stock solution in the amount of 160 ml per head daily once a day for 60 days before calving [6]. The preparation was administered in addition to the main ration by drinking. Before administration, the concentrated preparation is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:50. This method allows for an increase in milk productivity in cows by 7.5% compared to the control. The disadvantage of this method is the duration of administration (60 days) and labor intensity, since the calcium carbonate micellate preparation "Aleksanat Zoo" is a colloidal solution that forms a white sediment during storage and requires additional shaking before use, which also requires the preparation of dilutions of the solution immediately before use. There is also no data on the effect of the calcium carbonate micellate preparation “Aleksanat Zoo” on the quality (level of fat, protein, calcium, phosphorus) of milk.

Mineral feed additives containing microelements in nanoform are widely used in animal husbandry [7]. Nanoparticles of iron, copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, and cobalt are known to increase the average daily productivity of cows and have a positive effect on milk quality [8, 9]. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles have shown promise in feeding farm animals. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles are noted to have a positive effect on the quality of dairy products and mineral metabolism in animals, which is especially important given the intensive removal of nutrients during milk production [10, 11].

In connection with the above, the use of complex feed additives of a combined composition containing microelements in nanosized form is of interest.

The closest prototype to the proposed application is "Feed additive and method for increasing milk productivity of cows" [12]. The feed additive contains dry sapropel, concentrated feed optimizer "Floruzim", L-carnitine and silicon dioxide. The additive is administered in a daily dose of at least 100 g (suggested dosages are 100, 150 and 200 g/head) per head of cattle for 60 days. After 60 days of feeding, this feed additive allows for an increase in milk productivity by 1.5-8%, the mass fraction of fat in milk by 0.02-0.14%, the mass fraction of protein in milk by a maximum of 0.05%, and the content of phosphorus and calcium in milk by a maximum of 5 and 6%, depending on the selected dosage. The disadvantages of this method include the length of administration and the lack of data on changes in the milk's mineral composition (only data on calcium and phosphorus are provided) and essential and toxic elements. Furthermore, the duration of maintenance of the achieved results after discontinuing this feed additive has not been determined.

The objective of the invention is to obtain a method for feeding ruminants that increases milk productivity.

The study was conducted in 2024 at the FSBSI FSC BST RAS, the Center for Nanotechnology in Agriculture and the Common Use Center BST RAS http://цкп-бст.рф. The study used feed sodium sulfate (Na ₂ SO ₄ not less than 99.4%, GLOBALCHEM LLC, Russia), silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO ₂ , purity: 99.8%, Ssp=55.4 m 2 /g; Z-potential: 31±0.5 mV, IP Khisamutdinov R.A., Russia), dry distillery dregs (IP Sirekanyan A., Russia). The composition of the dry distillery dregs is presented in Table 1. Dry distillery dregs is a waste product of the food industry, is a promising highly nutritious ingredient and was used as a filler.

The study was conducted on Red Steppe cows (3-4 years old; live weight 500-550 kg; average milk yield 17.6-18.5 l, lactation stage 60-80 days after calving), which were divided into 2 groups (n=20): control - basic diet (BD), experimental - BD + _Na2SO4 + silicon dioxide nanoparticles, dry distillers grains. The components of the feed additive were used in the following dosages: sodium sulfate ( _Na2SO4 ) at a dosage _of 20 g/head, silicon dioxide nanoparticles ( _SiO2 ) at a quantity _of 1.7 mg/head, dry distillers grains - 500 g/head. The animals were kept in the same conditions, in tethered housing and individually fed. The duration of feeding was 28 days.

The animals were fed in accordance with the feeding standards for farm animals [13]. The diet is presented in Table 2.

Control milking of animals was performed at the beginning of the study, at the end of the study, and one month after discontinuation of the feed additive. The chemical composition (protein, dry matter, fiber, ash) of milk and dry distillers grains (DSG) was analyzed according to GOST 13496.4-2019, GOST 31640-2012, GOST 31675-12, and GOST 26226-95. The amino acid composition of DSG was analyzed using a Kapel-105 M capillary electrophoresis system. The elemental composition of DSG was determined using an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.

Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software package. The results obtained are significant at p≤0.05.

The study results showed a 15.3% (P≤0.05) increase in milk production in the experimental group compared to the control group 28 days after introducing the feed additive into the diet (Figure 1). An assessment of milk production one month after discontinuing the feed additive showed a 15.6% (P≤0.05) increase in milk yield in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Analysis of the chemical composition of milk from cows in the experimental group showed an increase in the fat content to 3.85% and the protein content to 3.17%, which is 0.21 and 0.04% higher than in the control (Table 3).

Analysis of the elemental composition of milk showed that the experimental group, compared to the control group, had a higher content of phosphorus (+3.22%, P≤0.05), selenium (+8.36%, P≤0.05), and iodine (+28.7%, P≤0.05) (Figure 2). Analysis of the level of toxic elements in milk from the control and experimental groups showed no excess of the permissible level [14]. However, the level of lead and nickel in milk from cows in the experimental group was lower than in milk from the control group by 14.3 (P≤0.05) and 59.7 (P≤0.001)%.

Thus, the proposed feed additive, consisting of sodium sulfate (Na ₂ SO ₄ ) at a dosage of 20 g / head, silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO ₂ ) in the amount of 1.7 mg / head, dry distillery dregs - 500 g / head, mixing into the concentrated part of the feed and feeding once a day during the entire growing period, has shown its effectiveness not only as a method for increasing milk productivity in ruminants, namely increasing the daily milk yield, but also increasing the content of mass fractions of fat, protein and a number of essential elements (iodine, phosphorus, selenium) in milk, and thereby improving the quality of the resulting product.

Sources of information:

1. Wagner J.J. Vitamins and Trace Minerals in Ruminants: Confinement Feedlot / J.J. Wagner, L.N. Edwards-Callaway, T.E. Engle // The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice. - 2023. - Vol. 39(3). - p. 505-516.

2. Sampath V. Role and functions of micro and macro-minerals in swine nutrition: a short review / V. Sampath, S. Sureshkumar, W.J. Seok, I.H. Kim // J Anim Sci Technol. - 2023. - Vol. 65(3). p. 479-489.

3. Voronina O.A. Mineral elements in the composition of cow's milk - MINI-REVIEW / O.A. Voronina, N.V. Bogolyubova, S.Yu. Zaitsev // Agricultural biology. - 2022. - No. 4. - P. 681-693.

4. Patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2771175 Method for increasing milk productivity of cows / A.I. Afanasyeva, V.A. Sarychev, I.V. Bandeev, A.I. Brazhnikov, I.N. Grishaeva, M.G. Krotova, V.A. Pleshakov, S.V. Khutornoy: published 04/28/2022

5. Patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2145479 Premix for cows (variants) / N.P. Starikova: published 02/20/2000.

6. Patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2600683 Method for increasing the milk productivity of cows / I.A. Shkuratova O.V. Sokolova, M.V. Ryaposova, A.I. Belousov, P.O. Busygin, G.Yu. Knyazkin, I.P. Pyanzina, S.A. Milyutin, M.N. Tarasenko, N.B. Musikhin: published 10.27.2016.

7. Bhagat S. Nanominerals in nutrition: Recent developments, present burning issues and future perspectives / S. Bhagat, S. Sanjay // Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.). - 2022. - vol. 160. - p. 111703.

8. Kozinets A.I. Use of microelement nanoparticles in cow diets / A.I. Kozinets, O.G. Golushko, M.A. Nadarinskaya, T.G. Kozinets // Actual problems of intensive development of animal husbandry - 2019. - No. 22 (1). - P. 185-192.

9. Michalak, I. The effect of metal-containing nanoparticles on the health, performance and production of livestock animals and poultry./ Michalak, I., Dziergowska, K., Alagawany, M., Farag, M.R., El-Shall, N.A., Tuli, H.S., Emran, T.B., & Dhama, K. // The veterinary quarterly. - 2022. - Vol. 42. - p. 68-94.

10. Lifanova S.P. Content of toxicants in cow's milk and its processed products when using the nanostructured sorbent "Biokoretron Forte" / S.P. Lifanova // Veterinary doctor. - 2010. - No. 5. - P. 22-24.

11. Melekh A.A. Comparative assessment of the influence of biologically active substances on the calcium content in the bone tissue of broiler chickens. / A.A. Melekh, T.N. Kholodilina // Proceedings of the II All-Russian youth scientific and practical conference "Science of the Future - Science of the Young". - 2023. - P. 5-7.

12. Patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2722866 C1 Feed additive and method for increasing milk productivity of cows / E.O. Krupin, Sh.K. Shakirov: published 06/04/2020

13. Feeding standards and rations for farm animals. Reference manual. 3rd revised and supplemented edition / Edited by A. P. Kalashnikov, V. I. Fisinin, V. V. Shcheglov, N. I. Kleymenov. - Moscow. 2003. - 456 p.

14. Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 021/2011 "On the Safety of Food Products"

Table 1

Indicator Quantity Dry matter, % 92.5 Protein, % 33.4 Fiber, % 20.3 Ash, % 1.7 Arginine, % 2.21 Lysine, % 1.16 Tyrosine, % 1.14 Phenylalanine, % 1.79 Histidine, % 0.75 Leucine + isoleucine, % 4.98 Methionine, % 0.64 Valine, % 2.41 Proline, % 3.63 Threonine, % 1.53 Serine, % 2.67 Alanine, % 1.88 Glycine, % 2.05 B, mg/kg 52.1109±12.4024 Na, mg/kg 198.7193±17.8847 Mg, mg/kg 696.1517±24.3653 Al, mg/kg 64.2371±4.4966 P, mg/kg 2521.7202±80.695 K, mg/kg 1888.7323±60.4394 Ca, mg/kg 1157.9336±40.5277 Mn, mg/kg 29.6469±0.9783 Co, mg/kg 0.0863±0.0237 Ni, mg/kg 1.3592±0.0476 Cu, mg/kg 31.7852±1.1443 Sr, mg/kg 4.3958±0.1319 Mo, mg/kg 8.7443±0.3673 Ag, mg/kg 0.0919±0.0313 Cd, mg/kg 0.01026±0.00235 Sn, mg/kg 0.1104±0.0054 I, mg/kg 0.5490±0.0467 Ba, mg/kg 3.2237±0.1257 Hg, mg/kg 0.00195±0.00016 Pb, mg/kg 0.03239± 0.00256 Bi, mg/kg 0.0413± 0.022 V, mg/kg 0.1137±±0.0076 Cr, mg/kg 2.4056±0.101 Fe, mg/kg 153.8863±4.6166 Zn, mg/kg 73.7304±2.2856 As, mg/kg 0.1522±0.0076 Se, mg/kg 0.6603±0.1492

Table 2

Stern Quantity per head per day Hay, kg 2.8 Cereal silage, kg 10 Spring straw, kg 3.5 Silage, kg 8.5 Concentrates, kg 1.6 Feed molasses, kg 0.35 Salt, g 60.6 Sulfur, g 5 Phosphate, g 51 Premix, g 45 Ca, g 80.3 P, g 41.5 Co, mg 7.7 Cu, mg 165.3 Fe, mg 3054 I, mg 5.1 Mn, mg 655.1 Zn, mg 524.4 S, g 24

Table 3

Indicator Control Experience Beginning of the study Mass fraction of fat, % 3.60±0.899 3.64±0.067 Mass fraction of protein, % 3.11±0.064 3.13±0.076 SOMO, % 8.70±0.217 8.76±0.240 End of the study Mass fraction of fat, % 3.63±0.084 3.85±0.053** Mass fraction of protein, % 3.13±0.047 3.15±0.035* SOMO, % 8.81±0.181 8.88±0.096

Claims (1)

A method for increasing milk productivity of ruminants, characterized by the fact that a mixture is added to concentrated feed, which is intended for the correction of hyperelementosis of toxic elements in animals and consists of sodium sulfate _Na2SO4 , silicon dioxide _{nanoparticles SiO2} and dry distillery grains, wherein sodium sulfate _Na2SO4 is added at a dosage of 20 g/head, silicon dioxide nanoparticles _SiO2 - at a dosage of 0.0017 g/head, and dry distillery grains - at a dosage of 500 g/head, mixing _it into the concentrated part of the feed and feeding it to animals once a day during the entire growing period.