RU2313951C1 - Method for feeding dry and milker cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with feeding animals with a diet that contains stevia pulp at the dosage of 1 g/kg body weight thrice daily, and in the period from the last month of pregnancy till 90^th d of lactation - the dosage increased thrice. The innovation enables to normalize metabolic processes and increase antioxidant activity in animal body.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to dairy farming and can be used in the preparation of a ration for feeding dry and dairy cows.

Currently, an active search is underway for new effective and safe, affordable and economically sound biologically active feed additives and preparations that positively affect the body and cattle productivity.

A known method of feeding lactating cows, including feeding to a lactating cows a diet containing a biologically active additive in the form of waste from the processing of plant materials, namely watermelon meal in an amount of 1.5-2.5 g per 1 kg of live weight (description of patent RU 2227515, IPC ⁷ A23K 1/00, A23K 1/16, 2003.02.10).

A known method of feeding cows, providing for feeding an animal with a diet containing a selenium-containing preparation DAFS-25 (Kuznetsov Yu.A. Use of diacetophenonyl selenide in the diets of highly productive cows, Journal of Zootechny, 2002, No. 5, p.16).

In the known method, small doses of the drug DAFS-25 in the diet of animals ensure that the lack of selenium in the animal’s body and the prevention of diseases associated with it are compensated. This allows you to use it as an antioxidant factor that increases cow productivity and milk quality.

However, the introduction of small doses of the drug into feed mixtures is difficult, and with a 2-3-fold overdose of the recommended pharmaceutical dose, the drug has a negative effect on the animal organism.

The known method improves the quality of milk by reducing the content of heavy metals, which is ensured by the sorption properties of watermelon meal, which is a natural organic sorbent, however, it does not significantly affect the technological properties of milk and does not significantly increase the milk productivity of cows. The latter, in particular, is due to the low antioxidant activity of the body of cows, both in the dry and dairy period.

The problem solved by the invention, improving feeding efficiency, increasing milk productivity and milk quality, improving the reproductive function and prevention of mastitis of various forms in cows by using a biologically active vegetable supplement, which is a by-product of crop production.

EFFECT: normalization of metabolic processes and increase of antioxidant activity in an animal organism.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of feeding dry and dairy cows in the autumn-winter period, including feeding the animals a diet containing a biologically active additive, the stevia pulp is used as the latter in a dose of 1 g per 1 kg of live weight three times a day, and in the period from the last month of pregnancy to 90 days of lactation, the dose is increased 3 times.

Stevia pulp refers to unused waste from technological processing of stevia grass upon receipt of a sugar substitute (stevioside). Due to the high biological activity of the plant itself, its pulp has pronounced antioxidant properties that have a complex effect on the mammary gland and the body as a whole of lactating cows. At a moisture content of 74.3%, its chemical composition includes: carotene - 1.82 mg / kg; fat - 0.54%; fiber - 3.71%; protein - 5.32%; sugar - 0.44%; phosphorus - 0.1%; calcium - 0.2%; flavonoids - 1.5%.

The introduction of selected amounts of stevia pulp into the diet of animals allows not only to balance dry food and prevent the development of mineral and vitamin deficiency in cows, but also to prepare them for lactation during dead wood.

The implementation and study of the method were carried out on the basis of agricultural enterprises of the Voronezh region. Based on the principle of analogue pairs, a control and experimental group of cows of 20 heads of black-motley breed were formed.

Cows of the control group received a general diet during the study period. The cows of the experimental group were additionally introduced three times a day with Stevia pulp at a dose of 1 g per 1 kg of live weight (500 g). From the last month of pregnancy to the 90th day of lactation, stevia pulp was added three times a day in a single diet at a dose of 3 g per 1 kg of live weight (1.5 kg).

During the experimental period, milk was analyzed monthly for the main indicators, the changes of which are reflected in table 1.

At the beginning of the experiment, blood samples were taken from cows on day 60 and day 20 of dead wood to assess changes in the state of the humoral and cellular parts of the immune system and the antioxidant defense system of the body. Table 2 shows the data indicating a positive trend.

In addition, mastitis animals were not detected in the experimental group for the period of the experiment, while in the control group the appearance of animals with signs of subclinical mastitis in 3 out of 20 (15%) and with a clinical picture of mastitis in 1 of 20 (5%).

Table 1 Indicators At the beginning of the experiment 30 day First month of lactation Group Control Experienced Control Experienced Control Experienced Yields, kg / day 12.9 ± 0.5 12.7 ± 0.3 12.8 ± 0.2 14.1 ± 0.7 16.8 ± 0.04 17.7 ± 0.09 Fat% 3.56 ± 0.09 3.57 ± 0.02 3.56 ± 0.08 3.79 ± 0.05 3,59 ± 0,05 3.7 ± 0.01 The number of fat globules, 10 ⁹ 4.37 ± 0.09 4.35 ± 0.04 4.38 ± 0.03 5.21 ± 0.06 4.39 ± 0.07 5.01 ± 0.02 Protein,% 3.14 ± 0.12 3.13 ± 0.07 3.15 ± 0.04 3.26 ± 0.03 3.15 ± 0.08 3.29 ± 0.04 Dry matter% 12.45 ± 0.21 12.41 ± 0.1 12.47 ± 0.17 13.28 ± 0.05 12.49 ± 0.07 13.34 ± 0.01 Viscosity, Pa · s (10 ^-3 ) 1.81 ± 0.02 1.77 ± 0.06 1.80 ± 0.05 1.95 ± 0.02 1.79 ± 0.03 1.91 ± 0.05

table 2 Blood counts On the 21st day of experience On the 20th day of dead wood On the 21st day after calving experienced control experienced control experienced control Catalase activity, μmol H ₂ O ₂ / l · min · 10 ³ 36.7 ± 3.01 31.8 ± 3.28 37.5 ± 2.81 31.7 ± 2.69 35.6 ± 2.17 30.9 ± 1.08 Peroxidase activity, unit opt.pl / l · s 43.1 ± 1.93 39.5 ± 2.26 43.9 ± 2.03 39.2 ± 2.85 42.1 ± 0.7 38.1 ± 1.74 Superoxide dismutase activity, unit act / mg 3.5 ± 0.21 3.0 ± 0.09 3.7 ± 0.14 3.0 ± 0.09 3.4 ± 0.03 2.8 ± 1.07 Ceruloplasmin, μmol / l · min 317.1 ± 7.15 287.2 ± 4.06 318.5 ± 6.85 287.4 ± 6.82 320 ± 5.21 288 ± 4.07 Antioxidant activity of plasma, l · min ^-1 · 10 ^-3 2.2 ± 0.43 1.8 ± 0.09 2.4 ± 0.13 1.8 ± 0.1 2.4 ± 0.39 1.8 ± 0.2 Vitamin E, μmol / L 29.8 ± 1.91 25.4 ± 1.35 29.8 ± 2.03 25.4 ± 1.35 29.8 ± 0.17 21.5 ± 1.06 Vitamin A, μmol / L 4.3 ± 0.32 4.2 ± 1.02 4.4 ± 0.41 4.1 ± 0.94 4.0 ± 0.21 4.0 ± 0.22 Lysozyme activity, mcg / ml 5.9 ± 0.3 5.1 ± 0.7 6.1 ± 0.4 5.0 ± 0.4 5.8 ± 0.55 4.8 ± 0.65 Complementary activity,% 14.7 ± 0.2 12.8 ± 0.5 15.4 ± 0.1 12.7 ± 0.5 16.8 ± 1.04 12.0 ± 0.25 Bactericidal activity,% 53.6 ± 2.0 46.5 ± 2.3 54.3 ± 2.1 47.1 ± 1.8 54.4 ± 1.71 47.2 ± 0.95 Phagocytic activity,% 88.9 ± 0.4 84.9 ± 1.8 89.7 ± 0.2 84.3 ± 1.1 90.1 ± 0.08 83.7 ± 0.76 Phagocytic index 7.2 ± 0.1 6.6 ± 0.7 7.3 ± 0.19 6.7 ± 0.3 7.1 ± 0.69 6.2 ± 0.5

Claims (1)

A method of feeding dry and dairy cows, including feeding an animal with a diet containing a biologically active additive, characterized in that as a biologically active additive, pulp of stevia is used at a dose of 1 g per 1 kg of live weight three times a day, and from the last month of pregnancy up to 90 days of lactation, the dose is increased 3 times.