RU2846115C1 - Granulated full ration fodder mixture for young sheep, enriched with ether-oil industry products with antioxidant properties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to farm industry, in particular, to a full-ration granulated fodder mixture for young sheep for meat and wool. Mixture contains vetch-oat hay flour, oats, barley, peas, straw and dried masses of oregano and summer savory. All the components are used at the specified ratio.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to ensure optimal metabolic processes in the growing sheep organism in the period of housing maintenance at age of 11-14 months.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely fodder production, and can be used in the process of producing ready-made feed mixtures for young sheep of meat and wool productivity for intensive rearing of young animals from 11 to 14 months of age. During this period, animals, in the conditions of the Crimean peninsula, are kept in stalls, so feeding them with a complete feed mixture is very important before forming flocks for the first grading and the upcoming insemination in the fall.

In feeding sheep, it is common to use, on the one hand, a concentrated part of the diet, which ensures the balance of diets in terms of energy, protein, fat, macro- and microelements, vitamins, amino acids and other substances, and, on the other hand, a part of the diet consisting of roughage.

There are developments in the field of sheep breeding that regulate the preparation of only the concentrated part of the diet based on the optimal selection of components, the structure of which includes barley, oats, peas, and sunflower meal. For example, there is a compound feed for sheep that contains barley, wheat, corn, wheat bran, sunflower, soybean, and cottonseed cake (meal), grass meal, feed phosphate, table salt, and premix, as well as extruded waste from cleaning grass seeds (A.s. SU 1792298 A3; IPC A23K 1/16; published 30.01.1993, Bulletin No. 4). Also known is the composition of compound feed for fattening sheep, containing feed wheat, feed barley, feed oats, bran, grain mixture, sunflower meal, sunflower cake, feed yeast, corn gluten, salt, chalk, tricalcium phosphate, sunflower heads and stems (patent RU 2440007 C1; IPC A23K 1/16; published 20.01.2012, bulletin No. 2).

The given recipes satisfy only the need for the concentrated part of the sheep diet. The rest of the diet is provided by roughage and succulent feeds, which are prepared by the owners of the animals, based on the capabilities of the farms. Thus, the high-quality selection of the part of the diet that ensures the intake of sufficient fiber in the diet of young sheep is an important factor in the nutrition of intensively growing young sheep.

The use of phytobiotics (natural additives of plant origin) in the diets of farm animals is also known. It has been proven that phytobiotics improve the functions of the immune system, have a significant impact on the health of animals and increase productivity. They are most often used in the form of feed additives (premixes).

A feed additive with phytobiotic activity on a mineral basis is known, used in the composition of feed for farm animals and poultry and containing a mixture of essential oils of eucalyptus, thyme, garlic and lemon in the form of a dry powder applied to diatomite (patent RU 2569018 C1; IPC A23K 1/16, A23K 1/175; published 20.11.2015, bulletin No. 32).

A phytomineral feed supplement for calves is known, containing greater celandine, medicinal chamomile, long turmeric, glauconite from the Bondar deposit, ascorbic acid, fructose and auxiliary components in the form of grain flour and sugar (patent RU 2724510 C1; IPC A23K 50/10, A23K 10/30, A23K 20/163, A23K 20/174; published 06/23/2020, bulletin No. 18).

A feed additive for increasing the resistance and productivity of farm animals and poultry is known, containing oregano essential oil, 1,2-propylene glycol and distilled water, which, when introduced into drinking water, promotes uniform distribution of oregano oil in the volume of water and in the body of animals and poultry (patent RU 2297775 C1; IPC A23K 1/16, A23K 1/14; published 27.04.2007, bulletin No. 12).

Disadvantages of using herbal supplements: use in animals of different species and ages requires additional research; they usually contain a carrier or other additional substances; their use requires an additional operation - mixing with feed or adding to drink; the use of natural essential oils in the composition of supplements leads to their significant increase in price due to insufficient development of the method of use in animal husbandry, since mechanical mixing with feed or water gives a short-term effect and depends on many external uncontrollable factors.

A feed for young meat-producing chickens of the pre-starter period is known, which includes a basic diet balanced in nutrients, which additionally contains semi-defatted soy, oregano and stinging nettle in dry form instead of feed antibiotics (patent RU 2734977 C1; IPC A23K 50/75, A23K 10/30; published on 10/26/2020, bulletin No. 30). The use of feed allows to increase live weight gain and reduce feed costs. However, this feed is intended for use in poultry farming, its analogues in sheep farming are practically absent, and the use of this development in sheep farming is impossible due to the discrepancy between the diet and the ratio of its components, which is significantly different in poultry.

The aim of the invention is to expand the range of feeds for sheep breeding and to form a ready-to-use granulated feed mixture for young sheep of the meat and wool productivity direction for optimal rearing during the period of stall keeping at the age of 11 to 14 months, containing in its composition products of the essential oil industry with antioxidant properties.

The choice of this period for raising animals is justified by the shortage of high-quality feed during the stall period: the period of active grazing of animals on pastures is coming to an end (October-November), and spring pastures will be available in good weather only from March or in April. It is during this period that special attention should be paid to the diet of young animals so that the animals approach the first assessment healthy and with optimal live weight indicators, having survived the winter stall maintenance with minimal losses. In addition, during the stall maintenance period, against the background of accumulation of unfavorable stress factors in animals (low or unstable ambient temperature, cases of feeding low-quality feed during the stall period, etc.), free radicals accumulate in the animals' bodies, which provoke the destruction of healthy cells, which has an extremely adverse effect on the health of animals, their resistance to diseases, and reduces productivity and product quality. Therefore, it is advisable to include in the diet plants that are a rich source of natural antioxidants, in which phenolic compounds and flavonoids play a vital role in preventing diseases associated with both oxidative stress, which produces free radicals, and as inhibitors of pathogenic microflora. In addition, the use of natural antioxidants will reduce the chemical load on the body of sheep, which is an important factor in obtaining environmentally friendly livestock products.

The technical result is the production of a balanced feed mixture containing in its structure a complete set of all plant components necessary for the nutrition of young sheep, ensuring optimal metabolic processes in the body.

The technical result is achieved in that the complete feed mixture for young sheep, granulated, enriched with essential oil industry products with antioxidant properties, according to the claimed invention, contains vetch-oat hay flour, concentrates (oats, barley, peas), straw and dried mass of essential oil crops - common oregano and garden savory in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Hay flour vetch-oatmeal38.0 vetch-oat38.0 Oats8.0 Oats8.0 Barley5.0 Barley5.0 Peas 2.0 Straw45 Straw45 Oregano 1.0 ordinary1.0 Garden savory 1.0 garden1.0

The completeness of the feed mixture is ensured by the complex of components included in its composition.

Vetch-oat hay flour is a nutritious animal feed with low sugar content, moderately high protein content, high calorie content and digestible fiber. Including it in the diet allows you to build muscle mass in young farm animals. This feed is also one of the main sources of protein in stall conditions.

Concentrates allow to provide a high level of nutrition for animals against the background of optimal accumulation of fat in the animal’s body, which is very important for replacement young animals.

Oats have a high nutritional value, contain many vitamins, minerals, replaceable and essential acids, oat grain is especially valuable for its high protein content. It has excellent digestibility, improves digestion and the production of all necessary enzymes, increases intestinal peristalsis. Due to the high fiber content, oats are quickly absorbed and stimulates the development of beneficial microflora in the intestines.

The nutritional value of barley is explained by its high protein and amino acid content, and a large amount of carbohydrates. It is easily digestible, beneficial for animals, and stimulates rapid growth in young animals. Barley is rich in fiber, which promotes better digestion and improves intestinal health. In addition, barley is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals, including iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. These elements are essential for maintaining healthy bones, blood, and many other body functions.

Peas are rich in protein, fiber, B vitamins and iron. In addition, peas contain a positive combination of amino acids and such useful substances as phosphorus, copper, magnesium and zinc. It is due to these properties that peas are so valued as a forage plant for animals.

Straw serves as a component that balances the diet in terms of essential nutrients.

It is known that feed additives based on medicinal plants that exhibit antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activity can be used as an additional tool that enhances the antioxidant protection of animals and increases their natural resistance. The mechanism of action of feed antioxidants is diverse, determined by their chemical structure and consists in binding free radicals, destroying hydroperoxides, restoring double bonds, inactivating metal ions involved in fat peroxidation, and other processes. It has been shown that essential oils containing substituted phenols - eugenol, thymol, carvacrol - have strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The last two compounds are the main components of the essential oils of oregano ( Origanum vulgare L.) and savory ( Satureja hortensis L.). A large number of studies confirm the presence of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity in such plants and their essential oils (Alinkina E.S., Misharina T.A., Fatkullina L.D. Antiradical properties of essential oils of oregano, thyme and savory // Applied biochemistry and microbiology. - 2013. - Vol. 49, No. 1. - Pp. 82-87), in connection with which these essential oil crops, which are a rich source of natural antioxidants, are included in the composition of the feed mixture.

Common oregano is a valuable essential oil and medicinal plant. Oregano herb contains essential oil in the amount of 0.3-1.2%, which contains from 40 to 72 components, the main ones of which are carvacrol, thymol, linalool, linalyl acetate, caryophyllene oxide, (-)-4-terpeniol. Sesquiterpenes; triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic carboxylic acids, tannins, ascorbic acid were also identified (Luferov A.N., Bobkova N.V., Bokov D.O., Kovaleva T.Yu., Nesterova N.V. Use of essential oil medicinal plants in medicine // Scientific and innovative potential for the development of production and processing of essential oil and medicinal plants of the Eurasian Economic Union. - Simferopol: IT "ARIAL", 2021. - P. 62-75). Due to its rich component composition, oregano has antioxidant, as well as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, fungistatic, analgesic, tonic, choleretic, diuretic, antispasmodic and carminative effects. It enhances intestinal peristalsis and significantly increases the secretion of gastric juice.

The content of essential oil in the raw material of garden savory can reach 2.5-3%. The oil contains carvacrol, thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, β-caryophyllene, linalool and other components. In addition to essential oil, there are rosmarinic and ursolic acids, as well as flavonoids hesperidin and naringenin. The above-ground part contains 4-8% tannins, mucus, bitterness, sitosterol and more than 200 mg/% ascorbic acid. Modern studies have shown that garden savory essential oil is active against multiresistant pathogens from 10 genera: Klebsiella , Escherichia , Proteus , Staphylococcus , Streptococcus , Pseudomonas , Enterococcus , Enterobacter , Citrobacter and Acinetobacter (Features of the component composition of garden savory essential oil ( Satureja hortensis L.) depending on the variety / E.L. Malankina, L.N. Kozlovskaya, S.G. Solopov [et al.] // Bulletin of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. - 2017. - No. 3. - P. 19-29). Savory has antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, immune-strengthening, antiparasitic properties, improves digestion, stimulates appetite.

Thus, the analysis of sources allows us to allow the inclusion of oregano and garden savory raw materials in the composition of the declared feed mixture for young sheep in order to increase the efficiency of animal rearing, which is associated with the high content of phenolic antioxidants in these crops.

The composition of the claimed feed mixture during granulation allows obtaining granules of optimal quality in terms of granule strength without adding additional binding additives. The most effective is the use of granules with a diameter of 3-4 mm, as close as possible to the shape of the grain. The use of granulated feed mixture has a number of advantages. It ensures complete consumption of all components of the diet by lambs, precise standardization of its composition, rational consumption of lump granules, facilitates transportation and mechanized distribution to feeders. Granulation ensures better preservation of nutrients and vitamins of the feed mixture, improves organoleptic properties, increases shelf life and minimizes feed losses.

To confirm the efficiency of the proposed granulated feed mixture, an experiment was conducted on feeding it to Tsigai ewes in the field crops department of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea". The age of the ewes at the beginning of the experiment was 11 months; the end of the experiment was 14 months. Two groups were formed: the first - the control - received a standard diet containing 0.95 feed units or 9.0 MJ of exchange energy per head per day. The second, experimental group, received the declared feed mixture, providing 9.0 MJ of exchange energy per head per day, by analogy with this indicator in the control group. The components of the feed mixture for the experimental group of animals were granulated. The diets of young sheep met their needs and were balanced in all the necessary nutrients.

The dynamics of live weight of ewes consuming a complete granulated feed mixture, in comparison with control analogues, is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 - Dynamics of live weight of ewes in an experiment to study the effectiveness of feeding a granulated feed mixture (n=10)

Group Live weight, kg Average daily gain from 11 months to 14 months of age, g at 11 months at 14 months Control - traditional feed X±m _X 37.8±0.71 46.5±0.82 96.7±2.67 C _v , % 5.9 5.6 8.7 Experience - complete granulated feed mixture X±m _X 38.2±0.51 49.5±0.98* 125.6±5.48** C _v , % 4.2 6.3 13.8

The results of the experiment showed a reliable difference in live weight at the age of 14 months by 3.0 kg or 6.5% (P≤0.05). Accordingly, the average daily gain during this period was higher by 28.9 g or 29.9% (P≤0.01).

Table 2 shows the biochemical profile of the animals in the experiment. Blood was taken from the jugular vein at the age of 14 months. Samples of wool were also taken from the animals to study the fineness of the wool, one of the most important quality indicators of wool.

Table 2 - Biochemical characteristics of blood serum of 14-month-old ewe lambs in the experiment and wool fineness (n=3)

Indicator Unit of measurement Control group Experimental group X±m _X C _v , % X±m _X C _v , % Total protein g/l 46.2±0.6 2,2 52.6±0.2*** 0.7 Albumen g/l 26.9±1.7 10.7 32.8±1.2* 6.6 Glucose mmol/l 1.0±0.01 4.3 1.2±0.1 16.7 AlAT units/l 28.0±3.2 19.7 28.0±4.7 28.9 AsAT units/l 104.1±9.1 15.2 91.0±3.7 7.1 Alkaline phosphatase units/l 93.7±20.5 38.0 57.3±4.0 12.0 Creatinine mmol/l 54.8±2.7 8.5 64.0±1.0* 2.6 Urea mmol/l 9.1±0.7 12.9 11.3±1.8 27.7 Total bilirubin µmol/l 0.7±0.2 38.1 0.3±0.1 44.4 α-amylase units/l 218.0±2.3 1.8 243.0±10.4 7.4 Potassium mmol/l 5.7±0.1 1.6 5.8±0.01 0.8 R mmol/l 1.5±0.01 5.3 1.5±0.2 17.8 Fineness of wool microns 29.4±2.5 14.9 30.8±0.9 5.2

Note: Here in the table: confidence levels: * - P≤0.05; ** - P≤0.01; *** - P≤0.001.

According to the data in Table 2, a highly reliable advantage was noted in the total protein of the ewes in the blood serum by 13.7% (P≤0.001), including the advantage in albumin in the experimental group was 22.1% (P≤0.05). Accordingly, the product of protein metabolism - creatinine - is also significantly higher in the ewes of the experimental group by 16.9% (P≤0.01). Thus, the protein content in the blood serum of the ewes of the experimental groups indicate optimal metabolic processes in the body.

The ewes of the experimental group tendentiously showed a thickening of wool by 1.4 µm or 4.6%, which additionally indicates the completeness of the nutrition of the animals of the experimental group: this tendency is a factor that prevents the formation of wool defects that reduce its quality (hunger thinness, decreased elasticity of wool, etc.).

Thus, the claimed complete granulated feed mixture contains a full set of feed elements for young sheep and ensures optimal metabolic processes in the growing organism of sheep during the period of stall keeping at the age of 11 to 14 months.

Claims (2)

A complete granulated feed mixture for young sheep of the meat and wool direction, characterized by the fact that it contains vetch-oat hay flour, oats, barley, peas, straw and dried masses of common oregano and garden savory in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Vetch-oat hay flour 38.0 Oats 8.0 Barley 5.0 Peas 2.0 Straw 45 Dried mass of oregano 1.0 Dried mass of garden savory 1.0