RU2677798C1 - Installation of fractional crushing and production of mixtures of concentrated feeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for grinding and simultaneously mixing the ingredients of feed grains with mineral, vitamin and medicinal premixes, and can be used in the preparation of compound feed. Installation includes dosing, grinding and mixing units, transportation and separation, a crusher-mixer with a vertically mounted rotor and a cylindrical perforated sieve, as well as a container for collecting foreign objects. Crusher-mixer equipped with a discharge manifold. Spouts of the discharge manifold are mounted on the cylindrical part of the housing of the crusher-mixer and are embedded in the sluice gates. Gateways are located diametrically opposite on the housing of the crusher-mixer and communicated with the barred space of the crusher and the feed line. Cross-sectional area of the feed pipe is equal to the sum of the areas of the sluice gates. Container for collecting foreign objects is located below the pallet and is communicated with a barred space around the entire circumference of the perimeter.

EFFECT: use of the invention will allow to obtain a feed mixture of grinding a given fraction, to reduce the size of the installation, as well as to reduce the energy intensity and intensity of the installation.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for grinding and simultaneous mixing of feed grain ingredients with mineral, vitamin and therapeutic premixes and can be used in animal feed workshops of livestock and poultry farms.

The well-known "Installation for grinding and separation of feed grain" RU 2396120 C1 08/10/2010, bull. No. 22, comprising a crushing chamber with a loading hopper and a vertical cylindrical body in which the rotor is located; separation chamber with a sieve dividing it into upper and lower sections and a separation device. However, the crushing chamber is directly in communication with the separation chamber, a significant part of the unmilled ingredients, which interfere with the process, are sucked into it, since they continuously circulate in the stream of processed products.

The well-known "Installation for grinding and separation of feed grain" RU 2236294 C1, 2003, comprising a crusher with a vertical cylindrical body, in which the crushing chamber and separation chamber are sequentially located, while the upper and lower chambers are connected by pneumatic systems with cyclones, which complicates the design, makes it cumbersome, metal and energy consumption increase.

It is known "Device for grinding bulk feed" (RU 2252074 C1 В02С 13/04, 05/20/2005, Bull. No. 14) - prototype. A device including a cylindrical body with a lid, a vertically mounted rotor, a perforated vertical sieve, forming a collection chamber for chopped feed, a storage pan, and a lid equipped with a shell mounted on it. However, in the prefabricated collector, grinding products and foreign objects (pieces of metal, stones) are collected, which is dangerous for animals.

The objective of the invention is to create an installation of fractional grinding and mixing concentrated feed by grinding them together, sieving the crushed mass on the separation unit and the delivery of finished products (passage) and feeding a large part (gathering) for re-grinding (recirculation), which will allow to obtain a uniform grinding mixture predetermined fraction, reduce energy intensity and metal consumption.

The problem is achieved in that in the installation of fractional grinding and mixing concentrated feed, including metering, transportation and separation units, a crusher-mixer with a cylindrical vertical chamber and a vertically mounted rotor and a cylindrical perforated sieve, the capacity for collecting foreign objects, characterized in that the crusher-mixer is equipped with an unloading collector, and its sockets are located on the lower cylindrical part of the housing and are built into the lock passages, located diametrically opposite on the cylindrical body of the crusher-mixer and communicated with an off-grid space, while the cross-sectional area of the feed pipe is equal to the sum of the areas of the lock passages, and the collection capacity of foreign objects is located below the pallets and communicated with an off-grid space along the entire annular perimeter.

The location of the unloading header sockets in the lower cylindrical part of the casing and built into the lock passages located diametrically opposite on the cylindrical casing of the mixer-crusher follows from the condition of uniform selection (suction) of the grinding products from any point of the sieve space and is determined by the theory of calculation of fans (A. Sherstyuk “Pumps, fans, compressors.” M: Higher School, 1972., pp. 83-84). The cross-sectional area of the feed pipe is equal to the sum of the lock passages, which follows from the balance sheet calculation of the fans (Kalinushkin MP “Pumps and Fans”. M.: Higher School, 1987, pp. 23-25).

The experiments showed that the lock passages should be located in the middle of the height of the crushing chamber, and the capacity for collecting foreign objects is below the pallet and along the annular perimeter of the grating space. The number of woven sieves is selected according to a given particle size of the fractional grinding.

The design and location of the collection chamber of foreign objects is determined from the condition: that the specific gravity of metal objects is (steel) 7.7-7.9 g / cm ³ ; minerals (quartz) 2.7-3.6 g / cm ³ ; and feed grain - 0.65-0.80 g / cm ³ , then with a working vacuum of 0.3-0.2 MPa, these impurities freely fall under their own weight due to the sieve space into the collection chamber of foreign objects mounted below the pallet .

In FIG. 1 a crusher-mixer shows a General view of the installation of fractional grinding and mixing concentrated feed, in FIG. 2 is a section along AA of FIG. one.

The installation of fractional grinding and mixing concentrated feeds consists of units for dosing ingredients, including a magnetic separator 1, a distribution screw 2, valves with an electric actuator 3, sensors of the upper level 4 and lower 5, bins for individual components 6 and dispensers 7;

a unit for grinding and mixing ingredients, including a receiving hopper 8 with a woven mesh 9, a hammer crusher body 10, in which a cylindrical sieve 11 is vertically placed, and a rotor shaft 12 with disks 13 mounted on it, rotating axles 14 and hammers suspended on them is installed 15, a collection of foreign objects 16, sieve space 17, airlock 18;

a mixture transportation unit, including an unloading manifold 19 with a bell 20, a feed pipe 21, a cyclone 22, with an exhaust pipe 23;

screening unit, including a separator 24, a woven sieve 25, a sloping plane 26 and an electric vibrator 27, a hopper for exit 28.

Installation fractional grinding and mixing concentrated feed is as follows. The feed ingredients to be processed are passed through a magnetic separator 1 and a screw 2 through valves 3 with an electric actuator are alternately loaded into the hoppers for components 6, in which the level sensors of the upper 4 and lower 5 are installed. The units of sieving, transporting the mixture, grinding are switched on in series; then the dispensers are turned on 7. The degree of loading of the mixer crusher is regulated by the performance of the dispensers. With the shutter open 29, the grain mixture falls onto the woven mesh 9, is cleaned of large foreign objects and poured into the crushing chamber; it is hit by rotating hammers 15, suspended on axles 14, mounted in disks 13, mounted on the shaft of the rotor 12, reflected from the hammers, hit on the sieve 11, reflected from it and again falls under the blows of the hammers, and partially destroyed. Particles whose size is smaller than the diameter of the openings in the sieve, under the influence of blows of hammers and air pressure created by the rotor, are discharged into the sieve space 17, from which through the airlock passages 18 by means of an unloading collector 19, through the feed mixture through the feed ducts 20 21 is sucked in by the fan from the electric drive 30 and is pumped into the cyclone 22; the feed mixture settles in the conical part of the cyclone, and the exhaust air through the exhaust pipe 23 is discharged into the atmosphere.

From the cyclone, the processed mass is poured into the separator 24, where it enters the woven sieve 25, which is driven into vibrational motion by an electric vibrator 27; the passage through the woven sieve along the sloping plane 26 enters the container as finished products, and the descent is poured into the hopper 28, and then into the crusher for re-grinding (recycling).

Foreign metal, mineral and other impurities, the bulk weight of which is greater than the crushed components by blows of hammers and air from the rotor are pushed through the openings in the sieve and fall down into the grating space and settle into the collection of foreign objects 16, which is periodically cleaned.

When fractional grinding, in order to avoid flour dust in grinding products, sieves with large perforations are used: holes in the sieve with a diameter of 4; 6 and 8 mm. (instead of 2 or 3 mm), solid foreign impurities are freely thrown through them with hammers.

Installation through the use of a collection collector with sockets, as well as the operation of the separator, allows you to get the specified fractional grinding, minimize the presence of flour dust in the finished mixture, reduce the dimensions of the installation, reduce specific energy consumption and metal consumption.

Claims (1)

The installation of fractional grinding and mixing of concentrated feed, which includes units for dosing, grinding and mixing, transportation and separation, located in the grinding and mixing unit, the cylindrical body of the crusher-mixer with a vertically mounted rotor and a vertical perforated sieve, as well as a container for collecting foreign objects, characterized in that the crusher-mixer is equipped with an unloading collector installed in the lower part of its body, the sockets of which are built into the lock passages located diametrically opposite on the crusher body, with the unloading header sockets communicating with the crusher sieve space, as well as with the feed pipe, by means of which the crushed feed mixture is pumped by a fan into a cyclone, and then into a separator to separate it into finished products and products for re-grinding, in addition, the cross-sectional area of the feed pipe is equal to the sum of the areas of the lock passages, and the capacity for collecting foreign objects is located below the pallet of the housing obilki and around the perimeter of the ring communicates with zareshetnym space.

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