RU2663330C1 - Air-screen separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, namely to equipment for post-harvesting of grain, and can be used in mill-elevator, cereals and other industries. Air-screen separator includes charging device, screen unit and aspiration system with a fan and channels of before and after screen aspiration connected to setting chambers. Channel of after screen aspiration is made with the possibility of independent control of cross-section at several levels along the channel height.EFFECT: invention provides achievement of a technical result, which is to ensure a high quality of cleaning.7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and more particularly to equipment for post-harvest grain processing, and can find application in mill-elevator, grain, feed and other industries.

State of the art

A known seed cleaning machine (see patent SU 704519, IPC A01F 12/44, publ. 25.12.79), including a feed hopper, sieve mill, two suction channels and two sedimentation chambers with fans, each of which is connected to the corresponding suction channel. The suction channels are interconnected by a nozzle with a shutter, changing the position of which, provide the possibility of two fans working on one channel. The resulting increase in air velocity allows the processing of heavy legumes.

A known grain cleaning separator containing a two-section sieve mill with an unbalanced drive and vertical pneumatic separation channels with sedimentary chambers and one movable wall in each channel (see utility patent RU 50879, IPC B07B 1/30, published on January 27, 2006). The presence of a movable wall allows you to change the speed of the air flow, however, in this case, the change in speed will occur simultaneously throughout the pneumatic separating channel. In this design, having set the optimal air flow rate in one section of the channel, for example, the initial one, it is impossible to adjust the flow rate in another, for example, the final section of the channel without losing speed in the initial section.

As the closest analogue to the claimed technical solution, the design of the air-sieve grain cleaning machine, disclosed in patent for invention RU 2393030, IPC B07B 4/02, A01F 12/44, publ. 06/27/2010. The mentioned design is characterized by the following design features, similar to the essential features of the proposed separator, namely: the presence of a loading device, a sieve part and a pneumo-separating (aspiration) system, which includes a fan and channels of pre-sieve and post-sieve aspiration, each of which is connected to the sedimentation chamber.

In this design, as in other known solutions, the channels of pre-sieve and post-sieve aspiration have a constant cross-section that is constant in height. At the inlet of the channel of the post-sieve aspiration, air intake windows with adjustable shutters are made, which make it possible to increase the air flow rate at the channel inlet to improve the separation of light impurities from the grain. However, the design does not have the ability to independently control the speed of the air flow in the final section of the channel, where the force of the air flow may not be enough to carry the selected impurities into the sedimentary chamber. Creating a stronger air flow in the initial section of the channel can lead to the removal of grain along with impurities in the waste.

In addition, the presence of windows connected with the atmosphere is always associated with air losses and adversely affects the efficiency of the separator.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of the device and the cleaning quality of various crops, due to the new design of the post-sieve aspiration channel.

The technical result achieved is that it is possible to independently control the air flow rate at different sites along the height of the post-sieve aspiration channel, which allows to achieve the most optimal conditions for processing each specific grain crop and to ensure high quality of its cleaning from difficult to separate light impurities.

Disclosure of the invention

In the proposed air-sieve separator comprising a loading device, a sieve unit and an aspiration system with a fan and pre-sieve and post-sieve suction channels, each of which is in communication with a sedimentation chamber, according to the claimed invention, the post-sieve suction channel is made with the possibility of independent control of the cross section in several levels the height of the channel.

A significant difference of the proposed device from the known analogues is the implementation of the post-sieve aspiration channel with the possibility of independent control of the channel cross-section through passage at several levels along its height. This design of the post-sieve aspiration channel allows, depending on the type of culture to be separated, to obtain the most optimal air flow rates at different sections of the air separation channel corresponding to different stages of separation. Thanks to the creation of the most optimal aerodynamic conditions for pneumatic separation for each particular grain crop, a high quality of its purification from difficult to separate light impurities is ensured.

The proposed separator is characterized by versatility and wide possibilities of use, for almost all types of crops: cereals, small seeds, legumes, and in each case of use a high quality of cleaning is ensured.

Another achievable technical result is the absence of air losses in the pneumatic cleaning system, as there are no windows in communication with the atmosphere and all connections of the hull parts are sealed.

The possibility of independent regulation of the cross-section of the post-sieve aspiration channel can be ensured by performing its outer wall split in height, i.e. divided by height into parts (sections), which are hermetically interconnected by flexible connections and equipped with independent position control mechanisms.

It is advisable to perform sections (all or some) of transparent material, which provides the ability to visually control the separation process by the operator and the possibility of operational regulation of the process.

The mentioned embodiment of the channel wall in the form of a set of movably interconnected sections is the simplest and most technologically advanced, but it does not exclude the possibility of another constructive implementation of the air separation channel, which may be obvious and accessible to a specialist in this field with the corresponding development of the prior art.

So, for example, the channel can be formed from any elastically deformable material and is equipped with several compression mechanisms installed at different levels along the height of the channel.

It is preferable to make the channel pre-sieve aspiration with a narrowing of the bore in the upper part, in the direction of the sedimentary chamber. The narrowing of the passage section helps to accelerate the air flow at the outlet of the channel and facilitates the removal of impurities into the sedimentary chamber.

In a specific embodiment of the device, the suction channels are each communicated with its own sediment chamber. The chambers are separated by a wall and a fan casing, which is made in the form of a centrifugal fan with an exhaust duct and windows for air intake from sedimentary chambers.

For the possibility of additional regulation and direction of air flows at the inlet of sedimentary chambers, adjustable shutters or fixed guiding elements can be installed.

The control levers of the fan windows and dampers (if any) are brought into the internal cavities of the separator housing for the convenience of its adjustment and maintenance.

The loading device is preferably made in the form of a receiving hopper with a valve in the lower part and a material distributor in the upper part. The material distributor has a special design, it is made in the form of a plate bent to form two inclined surfaces and a rib between them, and mounted across the hopper, with a rib facing the flow of the feed material, while slotted openings are made in the central part of the plate in the rib area material. The presence of through holes ensures the rational use of the space under the distribution plate and eliminates the formation of a dead (empty, unused) zone under it, which takes place in other known solutions.

The separator provides for cleaning grain from metal impurities. For this, the separator is equipped with a magnetic trap located at the bottom of the receiving hopper or at the entrance to the pre-suction suction channel.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation and drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - structural and technological scheme of the air-sieve separator;

in FIG. 2 is a general view of the separator from the side of the post-sieve aspiration channel;

in FIG. 3 - an example of the execution of the post-sieve aspiration channel;

in FIG. 4 is a view A from FIG. 3, enlarged, the mechanism for adjusting the position of the section.

The implementation of the invention

The air-sieve separator (see Fig. 1) contains a receiving hopper 1 with a valve 2 in the lower part and a material distributor 3 in the upper part, a sieve block 4 and an aspiration system, which includes a centrifugal fan 5, two air-separating channels: a pre-sieve aspiration channel 6 and channel 7 post-sieve aspiration, two sedimentary chambers 8 and 9 with screws 10 for outputting the deposited fractions. The chambers 8 and 9 are separated by a wall and a fan case 5, made with windows for air intake from the sedimentary chambers and an air exhaust channel.

The outer wall of the channel 7 post-sieve aspiration is made split in height, consisting of sections 11, hermetically connected by flexible links 12, and equipped with independent mechanisms 13 for regulating the position of the sections (see Fig. 2, 3).

As such a mechanism 13, a screw mechanism with a manual, electric or other movement drive can be used (see Fig. 4).

For the possibility of visual control of the separation process, sections 11 (all or some) are made of a transparent material, for example, plexiglass.

For additional regulation of air flows in the channels 6 and 7 of the suction, as well as for directing the flow, at the inlet of the chambers 8 and 9 can be placed controlled or uncontrolled shutters 14.

The levers 15, regulating the degree of opening of the shutters 14 and the windows of the fan 5 are displayed in the internal cavity of the separator housing for ease of adjustment.

Before starting work, the technologically necessary air flow rates are established in the suction channels 6 and 7, taking into account the type of crop being processed.

Initially, the technologically necessary airflow velocities are set by the opening value of the fan windows 5. Then, using mechanisms 13, they adjust the position of the sections 11, achieving the most optimal airflow velocities in different parts of the channel 7 post-sieve aspiration.

The work of the air-sieve separator is as follows.

The grain mixture to be processed is fed into the loading hopper 1, where it enters the material distributor 3, made in the form of a plate bent to form two inclined surfaces and a rib between them, mounted across the hopper 1, with a rib facing the flow of the loaded material. The two main flows of the grain mixture descend along the inclined surfaces of the distribution plate. Part of the grain mixture passes through slotted holes 16, made in the Central part of the plate, in the area of the ribs. As a result, the feed material is evenly distributed over the area of the hopper 1.

From the bottom of the hopper 1, the grain mixture through the valve 2 is fed into the channel 6 pre-suction suction, while simultaneously being cleaned of metal impurities by a magnetic trap 17 installed at the entrance to the channel 6.

In channel 6 of the pre-sieve aspiration, part of light impurities (floor and dust) are taken from the grain mixture by air flow, which are carried out into sedimentary chamber 8.

Due to the fact that the pre-sieve suction channel 6 is made with the passage section narrowing in the direction of the sediment chamber 8, an increase in the air flow rate at the channel end section is ensured, which guarantees the removal of the selected impurities into the sediment chamber. In this case, the valve 14, located at the entrance to the sedimentation chamber 8, deflects the air flow to the bottom of the chamber, improving the deposition of impurities. From the chamber 8, the selected impurities are removed by the screw 10.

From the aspiration channel 6, the grain mixture purified from part of light impurities passes through the sieve block 4, where large and small heavy impurities are released. The waste fraction from the lower sieve is sent to channel 7 to the second stage of pneumatic separation.

At the inlet of channel 7, a sufficiently narrow cross section is established, which ensures a high air flow rate in the zone of grain mixture entering the channel. A powerful high-speed air stream raises the grain mass to a great height. As a result, a “boiling” column of grain mass with a height of up to 1.5–2 m is formed. An intensive separation of grain and difficult to separate impurities occurs inside such a “boiling layer”.

In the middle part, the cross section of the channel 7 expands, which contributes to a certain decrease in the air flow velocity. Here, the heavier grain loses speed and does not rise higher, and light impurities rise to the upper part of the channel 7. Through the transparent sections 11, a dark column of impurities is clearly visible in the upper part of the channel 7.

In the upper part, the cross section of the channel 7 narrows again, due to which the air flow rate increases, which guarantees the removal of the released impurities into the sedimentation chamber 9.

The separator can be used to clean grain and seeds of various agricultural plants, including light crops (various herbs and small seeds), all cereals (wheat, oats, rye, etc.), as well as heavy legumes (peas, beans, soy and others.)

When switching from one type of grain crops to another, the position of the sections 11 is regulated, increasing or decreasing the speed of air flows in certain sections of the channel 7, depending on the size and density of the separated grain.

The grain that has been cleaned on the proposed separator meets all the requirements of high-quality grain and is characterized by a low content of hardly separated impurities and high germination.

The example shows the use of the invention in an open aspiration system, but this does not exclude the possibility of its use in other designs of aspiration systems. Obviously, there are other uses of the invention that will be apparent to practitioners in this field.

Claims (7)

1. An air-sieve separator comprising a loading device, a sieve unit and an aspiration system with a fan and pre-sieve and post-sieve suction channels, each of which is in communication with a sedimentation chamber, characterized in that the post-sieve suction channel is configured to independently control the cross section in several levels the height of the channel. 2. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall of the post-sieve aspiration channel is cut in height, consisting of sections interconnected by flexible connections, and is equipped with independent mechanisms for regulating the position of the sections. 3. The separator according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the sections is made of transparent material. 4. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-sieve aspiration channel is made with a narrowing of the passage section in the direction of the sedimentary chamber. 5. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan is located between the sedimentary chambers of the channels and is made in the form of a centrifugal fan with an air exhaust channel and windows for air intake from the sedimentary chambers, the control levers of which are brought into the internal cavities of the separator body. 6. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading device includes a receiving hopper with a valve in the lower part and a material distributor in the upper part, made in the form of a plate bent to form two inclined surfaces and a rib between them, installed across the hopper, with a rib towards the flow of the loaded material, while in the Central part of the plate, in the area of the ribs, slotted holes are made for the passage of material. 7. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a magnetic trap of metal impurities located at the inlet to the pre-suction suction channel.

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