RU2464763C1 - Seeding unit for bunch planting soaked and sprouted seeds of cultivated, vegetable and cucurbits crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit comprises a seed-box with sowing conveyor with cells and active guides mounted in the side wall of the seed-box at an angle to the horizon. The cells are made in the form of notches on the conveyor and correspond to the shape and size of the culture sown, defined by the relation: the length of the cell l_c-1.21_av+(1.0…1.6) mm, the width of the cell b_c=b_av+(1.2…1.6) mm, the depth of the cell δ_c=δ_av+(0.1…0.3) mm, where l_av, b _av, δ _av are, respectively, the average length, width and thickness of the seed of the culture sown. At the bottom of the cell the spillway openings with water-supply grooves are made. The spillway openings are coupled with water-supply grooves of the tray, on which the upper branch of the sowing conveyor rests. Active guides are placed in front of the cells, they are made of triangular shape and have a height h=0.8 δ_av and different lengths determined from the ratio: the length of the greater guide is l_gl=21_c, the length of the short guide is l_gs=l_c. At the upper part of the sowing conveyor in front of the drive unit the active brush reflector is installed. The outer surface of the reflector is located relative to the sowing conveyor with a gap equal to 0.2…0.5 mm. The bristles of the reflector are made flexible, which elasticity is less than strength of the seed sprouts of the culture sown. The reflector drive is made from the drive unit through the chain transmission. The rear wall of the seed-box is coupled to the lower part of the sowing conveyor along a parabolic curve. The inner wall of the seed tube is made ribbed with a distance t between the projections of the ribs of smaller width and length of the seed of the culture sown.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve the reliability of sowing seeds without their damage, and to obtain a compact bunch.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines for seed drills for nesting soaked and sprouted seeds, row crops, vegetables and melons.

Known sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops, including a can for seeds, sowing and nest-forming discs, reflectors, ejectors and a drive mechanism, in which, for the purpose of nesting sowing of seeds at elevated speeds of movement of the aggregate, the cells on the sowing disk are arranged in groups in a straight line at an angle to the radius, and the nest-forming disk is equipped with blades mounted at a certain angle to the radius with ends bent in the direction of the radius (SU, copyright certificate No. 190688, M. class. А01С 7 / 18, A01C 7/16).

Despite the fact that the sowing disk is capable of capturing and moving up to four seeds at the same time, and the nest-forming disk move them to the window, the seeds in the nests have a large mutual removal and the quantity not always supplied corresponds to four pieces. Along with this, the seeds are subjected to mechanical stress and injured. The outlines of the cells of the apparatus do not correspond to the size and shape of the seeds of melons and row crops.

A metering apparatus is also known, including a horizontally arranged mesh disk with a seed reflector, in which, in order to reduce damage to the seeds during sowing, the seed reflector is made in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working area; for the purpose of driving the brush into rotation, the disk is provided with holes in which the teeth of the sprocket enter, which mesh with the sprocket attached to the brush; in order to clean the brush from dirt, a comb is installed on its casing (SU copyright certificate No. 375046, M. class. АСС 7/16).

In this sowing device, the design of a seed reflector deserves attention.

However, the apparatus itself is not able to form the supply of a group of seeds into one nest and does not provide sowing of swollen and sprouted seeds.

The closest technical solution in terms of its technical essence and in the number of common essential features includes a sowing apparatus, including a seed box with a visor at the front end surface, a drive sprocket for driving the seed conveyor, which rests on a pallet and has a tension sprocket. On the conveyor there are transverse rows of cells with active guides, and the sowing conveyor consists of a sleeve-roller chain, to the links of which there are plates with inserts having cells and active guides (Resource-saving soil-protective technology for mechanized cultivation and harvesting of melons: Tutorial / V.G. .Abezin; Kalm. State university; Elista, 1993, 120 pp.).

The disadvantages of the apparatus include the use of a sleeve-roller chain on the sowing conveyor, which wears out quickly under conditions of dry friction, which leads to a malfunction of the apparatus. In addition, active guides do not provide 100% filling of the cells when lifting the seed on the guides when they are located across the cell, and the reflector allows injury to the germinated seeds.

A known sowing apparatus is mainly used for sowing swollen and sprouted seeds of melons, including a seed box with a seed conveyor having cells, active guides and a reflector, while the seed conveyor is mounted in the side wall of the seed box at an angle to the horizontal, and an apron is installed over the conveyor, equal to the width of the seed conveyor, for fitting to it when emptying the seed box, the cells on the conveyor are staggered, and the installation angle of the seed conveyor tera to the horizon is made within 30 ... 60 ° (RU invention patent No. 2274988, IPC АСС 7/16, АСС 7/18).

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the insufficient reliability of filling the cells with seeds, the possibility of injuring seedlings with an apron, the injury of seeds when they are rubbed against the walls of the bottom of the seed box, the possibility of seeds getting under the conveyor and malfunctioning of the apparatus. This sowing device is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the reliability of the apparatus without damage to the seeds while feeding them into the coulter with the formation of a compact nest.

The technical result is an increase in the technical reliability of sowing, seed germination and early production.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known sowing apparatus for nest sowing soaked and germinated seeds of row crops, vegetables and melons, including a seed box with a seed conveyor mounted in the side wall of the seed box at an angle to the horizon, having cells and active guides in the form protrusions above the outer surface of the conveyor and the reflector, while the cells are made in the form of recesses on the conveyor and correspond to the shape and size of the seed of the sowing culture, determined from the relations

cell length l _i = 1.21 _sr + (1.0 ... 1.6) mm,

cell width b _i = b _cf + (1.2 ... 1.6) mm,

cell depth δ _i = δ _sr + (0.1 ... 0.3) mm,

the height of the active guides h = 0.8 δ _sr , where l _sp , b _cp , δ _sp are the average length, width and thickness of the seed of the sowing crop, respectively, drainage holes with water supply grooves are made at the bottom of the cell, drainage holes are interfaced with the drainage grooves of the pallet, on which the upper branch of the sowing conveyor rests, the active guides placed in front of the cells have a triangular shape and a different length, determined from the relations

the length of the large guide l _nd = 21 _i

cell length l _nk = l _i ,

an active brush reflector is installed in the upper part of the seed conveyor in front of the drive unit, the outer surface of which is placed relative to the seed conveyor with a gap of 0.2 ... 0.5 mm, the reflector bristles are elastic, the elasticity of which is less than the strength of seedlings of the seed crop, the reflector drive is made from the drive unit through a chain drive, the back wall of the seed box is paired with the bottom of the seed conveyor in a parabolic curve, and the inner wall of the vas deferens made ribbed with a distance t between the protrusions of the ribs, less than the width and length of the seed of the sowing culture.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the claimed sowing apparatus, a side view without the side wall of the seed box with a cutout of the upper branch of the sowing conveyor.

Figure 2 is the same, view C in figure 1.

Figure 3 is a section aa in figure 1.

Figure 4 is a section bB in figure 1.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The sowing apparatus for nest sowing of soaked and sprouted seeds of row crops, vegetables and melons includes the sowing conveyor 1, which is mounted at an angle to the horizon, greater than the angle of internal friction of sliding of the soaked and sprouted seeds. On the conveyor 1, cells 2 are made, the parameters of which correspond to the shape and size of the seeds of the sown culture. Cell sizes are taken from the following ratios established experimentally

cell length l _i = 1.21 _sr + (1.0 ... 1.6) mm,

cell width b _i = b _cf + (1.2 ... 1.6) mm,

cell depth δ _i = δ _sr + (0.1 ... 0.3) mm,

where l _cf , b _cf , δ _cf - the length, width and thickness of the seed of the sowing culture.

Drain holes 3 are made in the bottom of the cell. On the outer surface of the seed conveyor 1, active guides 4 are provided in front of the cells, having different lengths for the possibility of seed rotation and a triangular shape.

The dimensions of the active guides are set from the ratios -

long guide l _nd = 21 _i

short guide l _nk = 1 _i ,

height of active guides h = 0.8 δ _cp .

The sowing conveyor 1 is installed on the drive 5 and lower 6 blocks. The upper part of the sowing conveyor 1 in the area of the drive unit 5 is mated with the seed tube 7. The upper branch of the sowing conveyor 1 rests on a pallet 8, on which drainage grooves are made. The seed conveyor 1 is mounted at the side wall of the seed box 9. For supplying water to the drainage hole 3, water supply grooves are made at the bottom of the cell 2. In the upper part of the seed conveyor, an active brush reflector 11 is installed in front of the drive unit 5, the outer surface of which is located relative to the seed conveyor with a gap of 0.2 ... 0.5 mm. The reflector bristles are made elastic, whose elasticity is less than the strength of the seedlings of the sown culture. The reflector drive is made from the drive unit through a chain transmission 12. The rear wall of the seed box 9 is coupled to the lower part of the seed conveyor in a parabolic curve. The inner wall of the vas deferens 7 is ribbed with a distance t between the ridges of the ribs smaller than the width and length of the seed to prevent the seeds from sticking to the wall of the vas deferens.

The metering device operates as follows.

A sowing conveyor 1 with cells 2 and active guides 4, the parameters of which correspond to the dimensional characteristics of the soaked and sprouted seeds of the sowing culture, is mounted on drums 5, 6. Under the upper branch of the sowing conveyor, a pallet 8 with drainage grooves is fixed in accordance with the parameters of the sowing conveyor 1.

The drive of the sowing conveyor is consistent with the parameters of the sowing, i.e. a gear ratio is set from the support wheels of the seeder, providing the necessary distance between the sockets. Seed box 9 is filled with soaked and sprouted seeds along with water and sowing begins.

When moving the seed conveyor 1 under the seed layer, the active guides 4 orient the seeds above the cells 2, which is ensured by their triangular shape. Oriented seeds fall into the cells, which is facilitated by the suction effect of water flowing from the drainage holes. In order to avoid blocking the spillway with seed, the hole is paired with water supply grooves 10 at the bottom of cell 2.

When the cells exit from under the seed layer, excess seeds slide down due to the inclination of the seed conveyor and from the action of the active reflector 11. In this case, only one seed remains in each cell.

On the drive unit 5, the cells 2 are deformed and the seed is pushed into the seed tube 7.

The ribbed inner surface of the vas deferens 7 prevents the seeds from sticking to the walls and the seeds enter the groove formed by the vomer.

The application of the developed design of the sowing apparatus increases the technical reliability of the design, ensures the supply of a precisely defined number of seeds into the groove formed by the opener without crushing them, while germination, yield and the possibility of obtaining early products are increased.

Claims (1)

Sowing apparatus for nest sowing of soaked and sprouted seeds of row crops, vegetables and melons, including a seed box with a seed conveyor mounted in the side wall of the seed box at an angle to the horizon, having cells and active guides, characterized in that the cells are made in the form of recesses on conveyor and correspond to the shape and size of the sown culture, determined from the relations: cell length l _i = 1.21 _cf + (1.0 ... 1.6) mm, cell width b _i = b _cf + (1.2 ... 1.6 ) mm, the depth of the cell δ _i = δ + _cp (0.1 ... 0.3) mm, where _{l cp, b cp, δ cp} - Accordingly, the average length, width and thickness of the seed of the sowing culture, at the same time, drainage holes with water supply grooves are made at the bottom of the cell, paired with the water drainage grooves of the pallet, on which the upper branch of the seed conveyor rests, and the active guides are made in a triangular shape, placed in front of the cells and have a height h = 0,8 δ _cp and different lengths, determined from the relationship: length of the major guiding l _lp = 21 _I, a short guide length _nc = l l _I, moreover, the top of the seed trans In front of the drive unit, an active brush reflector is installed, the outer surface of which is relative to the seed conveyor with a gap of 0.2 ... 0.5 mm, the reflector bristles are made elastic, whose elasticity is less than the strength of seedlings of the sowing culture, and the reflector drive is made from the drive unit through a chain drive, while the back wall of the seed box is paired with the lower part of the seed conveyor in a parabolic curve, and the inner wall of the seed tube is ribbed with the distance t between the protrusions of the ribs, less than the width and length of the seed of the sowing culture.

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