RU2320420C1 - Method of removing diamonds from ore - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: enrichment of diamond-containing ore.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises disintegrating ore in a closed cycle with screening, classifying the disintegrated ore into above-grate and under-grate fractions, and removing diamonds from the above-grate coarse fractions of ore by means of Roentgen-luminescence separation.

EFFECT: enhanced quality and reduced cost of enrichment.

1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of mineral processing, in particular to the processing of diamond ores, and can be used in the processing of other types of ore and non-metallic materials.

A known method of extracting diamonds from ores, including grinding the ore and fractionating it by size, extracting diamonds with subsequent removal of the tailings into the dump, before grinding the ore, it is crushed to a particle size exceeding the size of the diamond crystals, the extraction of diamonds from the crushed ore is carried out by means of a vibroconcentrator, the tailings of which are guided to the dump / 1 /.

The disadvantages of the method / 1 / include the lack of the necessary completeness and sequence of operations to increase the extraction of diamonds of the entire range of fineness. Despite the use of the effective process of vibration concentration in the method / 1 /, in general, this method is rather complicated in practical execution and environmentally unsafe due to the use of surfactants and reagents from petroleum products.

The disadvantages of this method can also be attributed to its relative complexity, energy consumption and a rather high cost in practical implementation, which causes a delay in the development of both large and small remote deposits and deposits with a low diamond content.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of extracting useful components, including crushing (grinding) ore in a closed cycle with screening, fractionation of crushed (ground) ore by size into oversize and sublattice products, extraction of useful components from oversize coarse ore fractions, output tailings to the dump / 2 /.

The method / 2 / to some extent has the disadvantages of the method / 1 /, since it also does not have the necessary completeness and sequence of operations to increase the extraction of useful components of the entire size range.

The aim of the invention is to improve and reduce the cost of technology for beneficiation of diamond ores, increase diamond recovery by improving the conditions for their disclosure and enrichment, as well as improving the environmental safety of processing diamond containing ores.

This goal is achieved in that in a method for extracting diamonds from ores, including crushing ore in a closed cycle with screening, fractioning crushed ore by size into oversize and sublattice products, extracting diamonds from oversize coarse-grained ore fractions by X-ray fluorescence separation, tailing tailings to the dump, products of X-ray separation of coarse-grained ore fractions are sent for refinement in crushers with the subsequent return of crushed material to operations with a louder of crushed ore fractionation and fractionation, the under-sizing product of screening and ore fractionation is subjected to initial vibroconcentration operations and subsequent separation of X-ray fluorescence by separation of enriched byproducts of vibration concentration and fluorescence separation of tail and tail product, and the tail product of X-ray separation is subjected to crushing after grinding operations similar to the primary operations of vibroconcentration and rent enoluminescent separation, the tail product of the X-ray fluorescence separation of the final treatment operation is sent to the dump, enriched products of the primary operations of vibroconcentration and the X-ray fluorescence separation are sent to cleaning operations similar to the primary operations of vibration concentration and X-ray fluorescence separation operations, while the tail products of each X-ray fluorescence separation operation enriched products ultimate recycle vibrokontsentratsii rentgenolyuminestsentoy operation and separation operation directed to the honing for the extraction of diamonds.

When creating the invention, the authors proceeded from the following.

In the processing of ores, the loss of a useful component, sometimes very significant, begins even before the ore arrives at the processing plant, namely during mining operations in dumps of substandard ores. The loss of the useful component during mining can sometimes be several times higher than the loss of the useful component with the tailings of the processing plants [2].

The presence in the ore of waste rock and its substandard part, which is inevitable when the ore is directly supplied from a quarry (slaughter) to a factory or through a mine of extracted ore, contributes to an increase in the loss of a useful component with dump tailings of concentration plants. Ore dilution of waste ore and its substandard part significantly increases the concentration limit and leads to a decrease in its technical and economic indicators.

The process of preconcentration of ores allows to exclude or significantly weaken the effect of the above negative factors in the processing of ores. To reduce the cost of ore processing, the preconcentration operation is expediently carried out “on board” the quarry, removing the waste rock from the ore mass as much as possible and at the same time most fully extracting the useful component from the substandard part of the ore, which is sent to the dump for selective extraction. In this case, a better ore will be supplied to the processing plant in much smaller volumes and with the largest amount of useful component provided by eliminating or minimizing its losses during mining operations.

Depending on the application of a particular beneficiation method, the types of ore preconcentration can be very different. However, X-ray luminescent separation in combination with vibration concentration may turn out to be more economical and effective for diamond-containing ores, allowing the most selective preconcentration in its “dry” form “on board” the quarry. Possible losses of the useful component with the tailings of the X-ray fluorescence separation (method losses) can be eliminated by vibroconcentration with the separation of the useful component in a separate enriched product (rich industrial product) and the return of this product to the technological process.

It is also rational to carry out ore preparation for these processes of anhydrous enrichment using dry and effective methods for revealing a useful component, such as, for example, screw-gear and centrifugal-impact crushing. The latter is possible and effective when open diamonds are most fully extracted from the ore being mined and only smaller crystals need to be revealed.

The preconcentration of kimberlite ore with consistent use of processes based on various physical methods of beneficiation, in particular X-ray fluorescence and gravity, to which vibroconcentration should be attributed, improves the reliability of diamond extraction, since in this case the technological “method losses” are compensated.

The process of vibroconcentration passed industrial testing in the enrichment of diamond ores and gave positive results.

An example of a specific implementation of the invention.

The method of extracting diamonds from ores is implemented “on board” the quarry near the deposit and in the immediate vicinity of it using modular plants.

Kimberlite ore is crushed in auger gear crushers in a closed cycle with screening and fractionated into oversize and sublattice products with a particle size of -50 + 20 mm, -20 + 10 mm and -10 + 0 mm. Diamonds from over-sizing products with a particle size of -50 + 20 mm, -20 + 10 mm are extracted by means of X-ray luminescent separation. Tail products of X-ray fluorescence separation of these ore fractions are sent for refinement in crushers, for example, centrifugal drums, such as "Titan-D" or "DC". The crushed material is returned to the primary screening and fractionation operations. The sub-sieve product of screening and fractionation of ore with a grain size of -10 + 0 mm is subjected to primary vibroconcentration operations and the subsequent X-ray separation of the separation and the enriched intermediate products of vibroconcentration and X-ray separation and the tail product are isolated. The tail product of separation of this size by X-ray fluorescence separation is subjected to refinement in crushers of a similar type with the aim of revealing smaller diamonds and sent to treatment operations similar to the primary operations of vibration concentration and X-ray fluorescence separation. The tail product of the X-ray fluorescence separation of the final treatment operation is sent to the dump. The enriched products of the primary operations of vibroconcentration and X-ray fluorescence separation with a particle size of -10 + 0 mm are sent to cleaning operations similar to the primary operations of vibroconcentration and X-ray fluorescence separation. The tail products of the X-ray luminescent separation of each of the cleaning operations are returned to the previous vibration concentration operation. The enriched products of the final roughing operation of vibroconcentration and X-ray fluorescence separation are sent for finishing operations for the final extraction of diamonds.

The number of treatment and cleaning operations is determined by the required completeness of the extraction of diamonds of the entire range of fineness.

This method of extraction of diamonds from ores is also applicable for the enrichment of alluvial diamond-containing raw materials, including the processing of material in a frozen state during the winter period of field operation.

The use of this method in the processing of alluvial raw materials in the warm season is advisable when replacing crushing equipment with disintegrating equipment, for example, according to RF Patent No. 2213619 "Feeder-disintegrator", bull. No. 28, 2003.

A variant of the technology of “dry” enrichment may also be preferable because it solves many environmental problems, including the problem of “dry” storage of tailings of concentration plants, and will be much more economical than traditional “wet” technologies both during operation and during the construction of enterprises.

Thus, the proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype will allow, by simplifying the technology, improving the conditions for the disclosure of diamonds and their extraction, reduce the cost of the technology of beneficiation of diamond ores, as well as improve the environmental safety of their processing.

Information sources

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2213622, "Method for the extraction of diamonds from ores" / MN Zlobin, cl. B03B 9/00, bull. N28, 2003.

2. Novikov VV and others. "Unconventional technology of mining ore deposits." Ore dressing, 1992, p. 4-12 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method of extracting diamonds from ores, including crushing ore in a closed cycle with screening, fractioning crushed ore by size into oversize and sublattice products, extracting diamonds from oversize coarse-grained ore fractions by means of X-ray fluorescence separation, tailing the tailings to the dump, characterized in that the tailing products are roentgen coarse-grained ore fractions are sent for refinement in crushers with the subsequent return of crushed material to screening and fractionation operations of crushed ore, the under-sieve product of screening and fractionation of the ore is subjected to primary operations of vibroconcentration and subsequent separation of X-ray fluorescence by separation of enriched intermediate products of vibroconcentration and X-ray fluorescence of separation and tail product, the tail product of X-ray separation is subjected to refining by crushing in the crushing process similar to primary operations of vibration concentration and X-ray luminescence with parations, the tail product of the X-ray separation of the final cleaning operation is sent to the dump, the enriched products of the primary operations of vibroconcentration and the X-ray separation of the waste are sent to cleaning operations similar to the primary operations of vibration concentration and X-ray separation of the tailings, while the tail products of the X-ray separation of each of the previous operations enriched products of final cleaning operations The centering and X-ray fluorescence separation is directed to finishing operations for diamond extraction.