RU2379388C1 - Method of fibre regeneration and device for method's implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production processes.

SUBSTANCE: fibre regeneration method is characterised by loosening and cleaning of fibrous mass and by forming fibrous layer for the base of nonwoven fabrics; in this method, discrete fibrous flow is directed in air flow jet to confuser, where the fibres are made in the form of sail across flow, fibres are deposited by being concentrated on surface of saw-toothed drum, thus being oriented across the product which is drawn in the form of fibrous layer which consists of parallel fibres oriented across it or in addition, it is put to transverse conveyor by changing orientation of fibres from transverse one to longitudinal one. Appropriate device is used for implementation of this method.

EFFECT: forming fibrous layer with structure consisting of fibres oriented in certain direction.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry and can be used in the production of a fibrous layer for the basis of non-woven materials with transversely or longitudinally oriented fibers, which, in combination with an auxiliary system of yarns, rare fabric or knitwear, binders and bactericidal substances, can be used as the basis for production glued non-woven materials used in the manufacture of medical materials with a hard-soft structure.

A known method of regenerating fiber from waste, carried out using the device [Patent No. 1353847 of the Russian Federation, IPC D01G 15/72, Device for the regeneration of hatchets / V.M. Zarubin, N.F. Vasenev, Yu.N. Kuzyaev, I.A. .Shooters; Applicant - Ivanovo Textile Institute M.V. Frunze. - No. 3797881 / 28-12; declared 06/14/84; publ. 11/23/87. Bull. No. 43 - 3 s .; ill.], characterized by the development of waste, the allocation of weed impurities from them and the separation of the fibers sent to the pneumatic system. This method does not provide the formation of a fibrous layer for the basis of non-woven materials.

As a prototype, a method is adopted that is implemented using the device [Certificate for utility model No. 28692 of the Russian Federation, IPC D01G 15/04, Device for fiber regeneration / Zarubin V.M. and etc.; Applicant and patent holder - Ivanovo State Textile Academy. - No. 202114468/20; declared 06/03/2002; publ. 04/10/2003. Bull. No. 10. - 1 s .; ill.], in which the feedstock is loosened and cleaned of litter, and a fiber layer is formed from the regenerated fibers for the main nonwoven materials.

However, the fibrous layer formed on the surface of the condenser has a structure with randomly spaced fibers and cannot be transformed into a structure with fibers spaced oriented along or across the product.

A device for regenerating fiber from waste containing a feed hopper, baking powder and separating drums with a group of saw rolls and a grate [RF Patent No. 1353847, IPC D01G 15/72, Device for regeneration of hatchets / V.M. Zarubin, N.F. .Vasenev, Yu.N. Kuzyaev, I.A. Strelkov; Applicant - Ivanovo Textile Institute M.V. Frunze. - No. 3797881 / 28-12; declared 06/14/84; publ. 11/23/87. Bull. No. 43 - 3 s .; ill.].

The disadvantage of this device is that it is not able to form a fibrous layer, which serves as the basis of non-woven material.

As a prototype, a device containing a feed hopper, a group of serrated drums with serrated rollers and a grate, a condenser with exhaust and sealing rollers and a pneumatic channel in the form of a diffuser, and an output device [Utility Model Certificate No. 28692 of the Russian Federation, PMK D01G 15/04, Device for fiber regeneration / Zarubin V.M. and etc.; Applicant and patent holder - Ivanovo State Textile Academy. - No. 2002114468/20; declared 06/03/2002; publ. 04/10/2003. Bull. No. 10. - 1 s .; ill.].

The disadvantage of this device is that with its help it is impossible to form a fibrous structure of the layer with fibers oriented in a certain direction.

The technical result of the invention is the realization of the possibility of forming a fibrous layer with a structure consisting of fibers oriented in a certain (transverse or longitudinal) direction.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of fiber regeneration, characterized by loosening and cleaning the pulp and forming a fibrous layer for the basis of non-woven materials, according to the invention, the discrete fibrous stream is directed in a stream of air flow into the confuser, where they give the fibers the shape of a sail across the flow, precipitate the fibers with thickening on the surface of the serrated drum, orienting them across the product, which displays in the form of a fibrous layer consisting of parallel landmarks fibers across it, or additionally transfer it to the transverse conveyor with a change in the orientation of the fibers from transverse to longitudinal.

And in the device for implementing the method comprising a feed hopper, a group of saw drums with saw rolls and a grate, a separating drum with a pneumatic channel and an output device, according to the invention, the separating drum is installed in a tapering pneumatic channel, representing in cross section a confuser, the width of the output slit S of which to the average length of the processed fiber l _cf in a ratio of 1: 3 to 1: 5, a fan is installed in the lower part of the confuser, and a saw drum with removable-output in the upper part rollers, and the working face of the tooth of the headset of the drum is directed to the exit slit of the confuser, and above the saw drum there is a perforated guard mounted eccentrically to its surface and having the last suction slot in contact with both the surface of the drum and the surface of the upper removable output roller, and at the machine’s output, an output device for changing the orientation of the fibers in the product from transverse to longitudinal is mounted.

The technical result of the claimed group of inventions is achieved due to the fact that the fibers in the confuser, acquiring the shape of a sail, are reoriented along the exit slit of the confuser and in this state fall on the headset of the saw drum, thickening on it and forming a fiber layer with transversely oriented fibers. In this form, the fibrous layer is removed from the machine and, if it is necessary to reorient the fibers in the product from the transverse to the longitudinal, it is laid out on the transverse conveyor.

The drawing shows: a) phase (zone) of the formation of the fibrous layer; b) the technological scheme of the device for the regeneration of fibers.

The technology of the method involves the presence of the following technological zones (damn., A)):

I - zones of active loosening and purification of the pulp from weed impurities and defects;

II - zone of removal of fibers from the headset of the loosening drum, additional cleaning and dumping into the confuser;

III - zone of shaping the fibers of the sail and their reorientation in the longitudinal direction with respect to the exit slit of the confuser;

IV - a condensation zone of oriented fibers;

V - zone of formation and output layer with transversely oriented fibers;

VI - transportation zone of the layer with transversely oriented fibers;

VII - zone of fiber reorientation from transverse to longitudinal in the layer.

Technological zones are within the boundaries (dash., A)): I - from the entrance of the pulp into the machine to point “a” on the technological scheme; II - from point "a" to point "b"; III - from point "b" to point "c"; IV - from point "c" to point "d"; V - from point "d" to point "e"; VI - from point "e" to point "h" and beyond; VII - from point "h" to point "m" with a layout across the width of the product from "m '" to point "m' '".

In zone I, the formation of the fibrous layer that feeds the machine, the loosening of the pulp by sawtooth working bodies, the formation of intermediate webs, their mixing with each other and with the main fiber flow, as well as the cleaning of debris and defects, are carried out.

Then, at the point “a”, the process of transition of fibers to zone II is carried out. In this case, the fibrous stream is significantly rarefied, additionally cleaned of weed impurities and defects and due to centrifugal force and air flow, the fibers are discharged at point "b" into the pneumatic channel, passing into process zone III. The discharge is carried out in a transverse chaotic arrangement with respect to the cross section of the pneumatic channel. In the pneumatic channel, due to its shape in the outlet part in the form of a confuser, the fibers are reoriented in the longitudinal direction with respect to the outlet slit of the confuser, take the form of a sail, settle and thicken on a serrated or needle surface, orienting across the resulting product and acquiring a layer structure in the gap between points "c" and "d", which corresponds to technological zone IV. When the fibers are thickened, the process air stream is separated from the fibers and diverted from zone IV. Then the formed fibrous product is compacted, acquiring the form of a layer and is discharged into the technological zone VI. In zones IV-VI, the fibers are located across the product. The resulting soft fibrous layer, being the basis for a glued non-woven material, is sent for connection with an auxiliary system of threads, a rare fabric or knitwear impregnated with a binder and bactericidal substances, as well as pressing. The resulting non-woven material has in its structure a rigid system of threads in the longitudinal direction of the product and a soft system of fibers in the transverse direction. When transferring the product to the transverse conveyor in zone VII, the fibers are reoriented and are located along the product in the final layer.

The fiber regeneration device (Fig. A) contains a feed hopper 1 mounted above the saw drum 2, which is connected to it by means of output 3 and feed rollers 4, as well as a group of saw rollers 5 and 6, and a second saw drum 7. The second the saw drum 7, in turn, interacts with its group of saw rollers 5 and 6, the separating drum 8 and the grate 9. The group of saw rollers consists of working 5 and cleaning 6 rollers.

The separating drum 8 is installed in the wall of the tapering pneumatic channel 10, and above it a demolition knife 11 with a debris chamber 12 is mounted. A fan 13 is installed in the lower part of the pneumatic channel, and the upper one is a confuser 14, the exit slit width of which S refers to the average length of the processed fiber l _cf in proportion from 1: 3 to 1: 5. Behind the outlet slit 15 of the confuser is a serrated drum 16, the working face of the teeth of the headset is directed to the exit slit of the confuser and above which there is a perforated fence 17, which is the bottom of the air outlet 18, mounted eccentrically relative to the surface of the drum and having the last suction slot 19 in contact with the surface the drum 16, and with the surface of the upper removable output roller 20. A pair of removable output rollers 20 is followed by a conveyor belt 21, which can be straight or curved way down. In the first case, it is interfaced with a device for supplying a system of threads impregnated with a binder and bactericidal substances, and in the second, in combination with a vertical conveyor belt 22, it serves as a pendulum spreader 23 mounted above the transverse conveyor belt 24. In this case, a control is installed in their middle part tension rollers 25.

A device for the regeneration of fiber works as follows. The fibrous material enters from the distribution channel into the feed hopper 1, forming a fibrous column, which is fed to the headset of the saw drum 2 by a pair of output 3 and a pair of feed 4 rollers, is loosened by it, being divided into small pieces, and transferred to the zone of interaction with the group of saw rolls 5 and 6. In this group, the rollers 5 are workers, the working face of their headset is parallel to the working face of the head drum set 2, as a result of which the process of combing shreds into separate fibers and azovanie webs on the surface of the rollers. The cleaning roller 6 has a cross-section of the working face of the tooth of the headset with respect to the working face of the teeth of the headsets of the saw drum 2 and the rollers 5, as a result of which the webs are transferred from the working rollers to its surface, they are added and returned to the headset of the saw drum. At the same time, weed impurities and fiber defects, fluff fall out from the headsets of the rollers into the trash receiving device.

The second saw drum 7 removes the fibrous stream from the first 2 and combes it, separating the weed impurities from the fibers and mixing the fibers by combining the webs of the rollers 5 with each other and with the main fiber stream using a cleaning saw roller 6. Then the fiber stream is transported to the separating drum and removed from him quickly rotating separating drum 8. Remaining in the headset of the drum 2 fibers and weedy impurities are transported by them to the grate 9, where weedy impurities fall into soropriemnom device in.

The separating drum 8 discharges the remaining debris into the debris chamber 12 using the debris knife 11, and the fibers in the form of a discrete fiber stream into the pneumatic channel 10. The discharge is carried out due to the centrifugal force imparted to the fibers and the air stream from fan 13. Once in the pneumatic channel 10, in the cross-chaotic in relation to the section of the pneumatic channel, the fibers in its tapering confuser part 14 take the form of a sail and reorient to the transverse position relative to the course of the technologist process, that is, in the longitudinal direction with respect to the exit slit of the confuser 15, and in this state fall into the space between the headset of the drum 16 and the perforated fence 17, which is the bottom of the air channel 18.

Due to the installation of a fence with an eccentricity with respect to the drum in cross section, this space is a wedge, which is a continuation of the slit of the confuser. Due to this, the air-fibrous flow is compressed, the fibers settle and thicken on the headset of the drum 16, delayed by the working faces of its teeth and oriented along the generatrix of the drum, and the transport air, compressing the fibers to the headset, goes into the air outlet 18.

To prevent premature separation of the fibers from the drum headset 16 and the fiber clogging the space between it and the perforated fence 17, air compresses the layer formed on the drum to the surface of the drum up to the upper removable output roller 20. Removable output rollers 20 remove the formed layer of transverse fibers from the drum headset , compact it and output to the conveyor belt 21, which transports the resulting non-woven fabric with transverse fibers to the impregnated system x filaments and a device for the final formation of nonwoven material.

If it is necessary to have a base structure of a nonwoven material with longitudinally arranged fibers, the layer is guided between the conveyor webs 21 and 22 of the output device for changing the orientation of the fibers in the product from the transverse to the longitudinal to the pendulum spreader 23, which reorients the fibers from transverse to the longitudinal arrangement at the base, shifting the layer to cross conveyor 24 from point m 'to point m ". Control and tension rollers 25 separate the stationary part of the conveyor belts from the pendulum, ensuring the stability of their position during operation.

To ensure the reversal and transverse orientation of the fibers in the confuser, it is necessary to have a ratio of the width of the exit slit of the confuser S to the average length of the processed fiber l _cf from 1: 3 to 1: 5, otherwise the orientation of the fibers in the final product will be chaotic.

Claims (2)

1. A method of fiber regeneration, characterized by loosening and cleaning the pulp and forming a fibrous layer for the basis of non-woven materials, characterized in that the discrete fibrous stream is directed in a stream of air flow into the confuser, where they give the fibers the shape of a sail across the flow, deposited fibers with thickening on the surface saw drum, orienting them across the product, which is displayed in the form of a fibrous layer consisting of parallel fibers oriented across it or additionally vayut it on the cross conveyor with a change in the fiber orientation transverse to longitudinal. 2. A device for fiber regeneration, comprising a feed hopper, a group of saw drums with saw rollers and a grate, a separating drum with a pneumatic channel and an output device, characterized in that the separating drum is installed in a tapering pneumatic channel, representing a cross-section in the cross section, the width of the exit slit S which relates to the average length of the processed fiber _cf. 1 in a proportion of from 1: 3 to 1: 5, at the bottom a converging tube with a fan, and the top - with serrated drum removably hatchers wali and, moreover, the working face of the tooth of the headset of the drum is directed to the exit slit of the confuser, and above the saw drum is mounted a perforated fence eccentric to its surface and having the last suction slot in contact with both the surface of the drum and the surface of the upper removable output roller, and at the machine’s output, an output device for changing the orientation of the fibers in the product from transverse to longitudinal is mounted.

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