RU2361022C1 - Aerator-cleaner with multistage treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile, paper.

SUBSTANCE: aerator-cleaner with multistage treatment contains bin, supplying shafts, feeding cylinders, saw-toothed drum and exhaust manifold, under saw-toothed drum with ability of free rotation it is installed gauze cylinder, which is connected with air blow exhaust machinery, in alignment with gauze cylinder inside it is located immovable cylinder, lengthwise generatrix of which it is implemented cavity with cross section in the form of sector, which is directed towards fibrous product, under gauze cylinder it is installed control cap, which communicates to exhaust manifold, on input butt of which there are slots, and in bending point of exhaust manifold it is implemented perforation. Dross-mote knife and scratching segment are installed from the vertical axis distance apart arc length, corresponding central angle 60-90°, behind scratching segment in the same direction with fibrous product on barrier lengthwise generatrix of saw-toothed drum there are implemented slots for airflow arrival.

EFFECT: providing of total fibers removal from saw-toothed drum with simultaneous effectiveness increase of cleaning and reduction of fibrous product unevenness.

5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to textile equipment and can be used in baking and cleaning units for loosening, removal, transportation, cleaning of fibrous products and uniform nutrition of the subsequent machine.

Known reserve feeder PRCH-2 for loosening, cleaning cotton fiber from impurities, creating a reserve of fibrous product and transferring the latter to the distribution system for carding machines. The feeder is equipped with an automatic system for regulating the thickness of the feed layer of the fibrous product into the loosening zone. The fibrous product is fed into the chamber of the hopper of the feeder, from where it enters the pedal cylinder by two exhaust and supporting cylinders on the table. Rotating, the pedal cylinder delivers a layer to the needle ruffle, where the fibrous product is loosened and cleaned of debris. Weed impurities are removed through the grate. Loose pieces of fiber are thrown into a pipe connected to a subsequent machine [1].

The disadvantage of this feeder is that it works mainly as a drive. In addition, needle trembling under the same operating conditions more than sawtooth, damages the fibers, does not provide proper allocation of weed impurities, repairing it is time-consuming and expensive. The pedal control in production is usually disabled, as it does not fully perform its functions.

Known backup feeder carding machines UNIstore A 77 for dust removal and loosening of fibrous products. From pneumatic conveying, the fibrous product is fed to a perforated steel screen, where dusty air with fine impurities from the fibers is separated. Further, the fibrous product, descending down the shaft, falls under the influence of the headset of the ripping drum. The cleaned and loosened fibrous product is transmitted through the channel to the fiber distribution system for carding machines [2].

The disadvantage of this feeder is that dust removal of the fibrous product is carried out before the process of loosening, i.e. in the bunker. After loosening, weed impurities and dust are not removed from the fiber product and enter the hopper of the carding machine. This feeder is not equipped with a linear density regulator at the outlet.

Known horizontal baking powder B 36 for loosening and cleaning of large weed impurities of fibrous products. The fibrous product from the previous machine of the unit is fed by a condenser to the hopper, from which it is fed by corrugated rollers and a supporting cylinder to the loosening zone, where the fibrous product is loosened and cleaned of large debris. The baking powder is equipped with an automatic system for controlling the thickness of the feed layer of the fibrous product in the loosening zone [3].

The disadvantage of this baking powder is that the thickness of the feed layer of the fibrous product is adjusted to the loosening zone. The amount of deposited fibers in the waste and the presence of a residual layer on the baking drum are not taken into account, the uniformity of the supply of the fibrous product to the subsequent machine is not ensured. Aerial removal does not provide complete removal of fibers from the baking drum. Fine weed impurities and dust released after loosening are not removed from the pulp and transferred to the next machine.

The TO-U universal baking powder for loosening and transporting fibrous products was adopted as a prototype, it contains a hopper, feed shafts, exhaust shafts, a loosening shaft and an air flow supply device designed to remove fiber fragments from the surface of the loosening shaft. The fiber product is fed into the baking powder through a hopper feeder. In the lower part of the hopper, shreds of fibers are captured by the feed shafts and sent to a pair of exhaust shafts, the latter bring shreds to the baking shaft. Under the action of the additional air flow, scraps of fibers are removed from the surface of the baking powder and transported to the subsequent machine [4].

The disadvantage of this baking powder is that although the additional air flow contributes to the removal of fiber fragments from the surface of the baking powder, this removal is incomplete, the residual layer of pulp remains on the surface of the baking powder. In addition, the loosening of fibrous products is accompanied by an increased release of weed impurities and dust, the removal of which is not provided. The presence of dust in the fibrous product causes great difficulties in its processing, especially on rotor spinning machines.

The technical result of the present invention is the provision of complete removal of fibers from the saw drum with a simultaneous increase in cleaning efficiency and reduce the unevenness of the fibrous product.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the baking powder cleaner with multi-stage cleaning, comprising a hopper, feed shafts, feed cylinders, a saw drum and an exhaust pipe, according to the invention, under the saw drum with free rotation, a mesh drum connected to the pneumatic suction mechanism is installed, coaxially mesh a fixed cylinder is placed inside the drum along the generatrix of which a cavity is made with a cross section in the form of a sector directed towards the fibrous to the product, under the mesh drum, a control damper is installed, which communicates with the outlet pipe, on the inlet end of which there are slots, and perforation is made in the curved part of the outlet pipe, the rubbish knife and the scratching segment are installed from the vertical axis at a distance of the arc length corresponding to the central angle 60-90 °, behind the scratching segment along the fibrous product on the fence along the generatrix of the saw drum, slots are made for air flow.

The complete removal of fibers from the saw drum is due to aerodynamic removal, which ensures the supply of additional air flow through the slots on the guard of the saw drum, the suction of the process air by the mesh drum, which removes fibers and scraps of fibers from the saw drum. Improving the cleaning efficiency is achieved due to the multistage of the latter. The first stage of cleaning ensures the removal of weedy impurities in the area of the open surface of the saw drum, the second stage - the removal of fine dust during the suction of technological air with a mesh drum, and the third - the removal of remaining impurities through perforation on the bent part of the outlet pipe. The unevenness of the fibrous product is reduced by an actuator that automatically changes the speeds of the feed cylinders depending on the amount of fibrous product on the shutter under the mesh drum.

In Fig.1 shows a process diagram of this baking powder cleaner with multi-stage cleaning; figure 2 is a nomogram for determining the density of the fibrous product depending on the clogging of the mixture of fibrous products; figure 3 is a nomogram for determining the pressure of the fibrous product depending on the density of the fiber, the height of the fiber column in the hopper, the relative clogging of the fiber product; figure 4 - dependence of the relative forces (excluding the weight of the fiber bundle) - holding, aerodynamic, friction and normal pressure - from the speed of the fiber bundle; figure 5 is a model of the spectrum of velocities of the air flow in the gap between the saw drum and the rubble knife.

The multi-stage baking powder cleaner contains a hopper 1, under which a pair of feed shafts 2 and a pair of feed cylinders are placed 3. Under the latter, a working drum 4 is fitted, fitted with a saw set 5. On the periphery of the saw drum, a rubble knife 6 is placed at an angle γ to the vertical axis and a stationary scratching segment 7, and under the latter a slot 8 is made for air flow. A mesh drum 9 is installed under the saw drum with the possibility of free rotation relative to the fixed cylinder 10 connected coaxially inside it and connected to the pneumatic suction mechanism. A cavity with a cross section in the form of a sector facing the loosened fiber flow coming from the saw drum 4 is made along the cylinder 10 and in the bottom part under the mesh drum 9 there is a control flap 11 rotatably relative to the axis 12. The control flap 11 is in communication with the output boprovodom 13, at the upstream end of the slit 14 is formed for supplying the auxiliary air stream. In the curved part 15 of the pipe 13 there is a perforated surface 16 that separates the pipe from the device of the pneumatic suction 17.

Baking powder cleaner with multi-stage cleaning works as follows.

The fibrous product from the previous machine of the unit is fed into the hopper 1 with a condenser that provides optimal conditions according to expression (1), which establishes a relationship between the parameters of the fibrous product, the dimensions of the hopper and the pressure in the distribution channel

where ρ _in - the density of the fiber;

g is the acceleration of gravity;

k is the compressibility factor of the fibrous product, taking into account the change in its density with a change in pressure;

Y = 1-y _s , y _s - weed in fractions of a unit;

and - the distance between the front and rear walls of the hopper.

The resulting expression (1) allows you to build universal nomograms (figure 2, 3), establishing a relationship between the geometric parameters of the hopper, mechanical characteristics and clogging of the feed mixture, as well as air pressure in the distribution channel.

In the lower part of the hopper 1, the fiber shreds are captured by the feed shafts 2 and sent to the feed cylinders 3, the latter bring the shreds in a thin layer under the action of the saw drum 4. The saw drum 4, having a high frequency of rotation, strikes the fiber bundle protruding from the supply cylinders 3 and combes out her individual shreds. Under the influence of strikes and separation of fiber fragments, the bonds of large weed impurities with the fibers are weakened, so that they are relatively easily removed. The speed of large weed impurities and shreds of fibers as a result of mechanical action of the saw drum 4 and the air flow in the shortest time reaches the peripheral speed of the saw drum 4. The speeds of the shreds of fibers and large weed impurities in the area of action of the picking knife 6 are approximately the same. At the same time, large weedy impurities with greater kinetic energy under the action of centrifugal forces are separated from the saw drum 4 and separated by the blow-off knife 6. This is partly true for fibers that have a lower mass and a large specific surface area. The inventive design allows you to solve the problem of obtaining the maximum amount of allocated litter, without emitting fibers. The condition for holding a bundle of fibers in the area of the open surface of the saw drum 4 to the picking knife 6 is the following dependence:

where F _beats - holding force as a result of elastic forces from neighboring fibers and fibrous shreds;

V _B , R _B - angular velocity, rotational speed, peripheral speed, radius of the saw drum 4;

α is the angle of inclination of the tooth of the headset of the saw drum 4;

β is the angle at the top of the tooth of the headset of the saw drum 4;

δ _article - the angle between the working face of the tooth of the headset of the saw drum 4 and the vector of gravity of the fiber bundle;

µ is the coefficient of friction between a piece of fiber and the working face of the tooth;

m, ν _vit - mass, speed of the fiber bundle.

Dependence (2) is obtained on the basis of experimental studies and relates the geometric parameters of the head drum 4 set and its rotation frequency.

To assess the influence of the forces acting on the fiber patch on the tooth of the saw head 4 headset, a graph of the relative forces (excluding the weight of the fiber patch) - holding, aerodynamic, friction, and normal pressure - on the speed of shredding is shown (Fig. 4).

It follows from the graph that the indicated forces decrease with an increase in the speed of the fiber bundle soaring approximately according to the hyperbolic law. Calculations according to the proposed model show that centrifugal and holding forces exert the greatest influence on a fiber shred.

The amount of weed impurities and the loss of spinning fibers depend on the location of the rubbish knife 6 and the wiring between it and the saw drum 4 (Fig. 5). The optimal wiring is determined by the formula

where s is the wiring between the saw drum 4 and the rubble knife 6;

R _PB - radius of the saw drum 4;

V _PB - peripheral speed of the saw drum 4;

H _s - the height of the tooth of the headset;

T _g - the thickness of the base of the headset;

T _s - the thickness of the tooth of the headset;

L is the air flow in the gap.

Further loosening of the fiber shreds occurs when interacting with a stationary casing segment 7 installed after the picking knife 6. The fiber shreds are removed from the surface of the saw drum 4 by the mesh drum 9 in the cavity zone of the stationary cylinder 10. The arc length of the aerodynamic removal zone of the fiber shreds from the saw drum 4 is determined angle φ. Shreds of fibers are sucked onto the cylindrical surface of the drum 9 under the influence of air draft. Dust and other small impurities, together with air passing through the holes of the mesh drum 9, are sent to a filter (not shown). Since the process is continuous, the air discharged by the mesh drum 9 is sucked through the slot 8 on the guard of the saw drum 4.

The Central angle φ corresponding to the length of the arc of the aerodynamic removal of fiber fragments from the saw drum 4, is determined from the solution of the equation

or

.

.

where Q = B [cos (α-0.5φ) + µsin (α-0.5φ)];

H = -B [sin (α + 0.5φ) -µcos (α + 0.5φ)];

ν _ac is the speed of the air flow acting on the scrap of fibers in the aerial survey area

φ is the angular size of the aerial survey arc;

h is the height of the tooth of the headset drum set 4.

This equation reduces to an equation of type F (φ, R _B , n _B , h, α, ν _ac ) = 0.

Equation (5) relates the angular size φ with the geometric and kinematic parameters of the saw drum 4 and the velocity of the supplied air flow.

The air flow in the mesh drum 9 is 500-600 m ³ / h. The cavity of the stationary cylinder 10 is facing the fibrous product and is made in such a way that the fiber clumps held on the surface of the mesh drum 9, when reaching the extreme position of the cavity of the stationary cylinder 10 under the influence of centrifugal forces and their own weight, are discharged to the shutter 11 located in the bottom of the machine. The rotation of the shutter 11 relative to the axis 12 controls the uniformity of the supply of the fibrous product to the subsequent machine. From the damper 11, the fiber scraps are discharged into the pipeline 13 and sent to the zone of additional purification of the fibrous stream from fine dust. A perforated surface 16 is made on the outer wall of the pipeline 13 at the bend 15 of the latter. Fine dust particles under the action of centrifugal forces and vacuum created by the pneumatic suction pump 17 are sucked through the perforated surface 16 and sent to the filter. Additional air flow necessary for transporting the pulp through the pipe 13, enters the latter through the slots 14.

To obtain a uniform supply of the fibrous product to the subsequent machine, an actuator is used that automatically changes the speeds of the supply cylinders 3 depending on the amount of fibrous product on the shutter 11.

Production studies were carried out at Kameshkovsky Textile OJSC and Weaving and Spinning Mill LLC (Vladimir Region). The results are presented in the table.

The results of comparative tests of two options for the preparation of prefabricated for spinning Indicators Options Percentage of improvement,% ROA POA + the present invention The cleaning efficiency of the mixture,% 49.6 68.5 38.1 Linear density of carding tape, ctex 4.0 4.0 - Clogged tape,% 1,1 0.71 35.5 Coefficient of variation of a carding tape,% 5.2 4.0 23.1 Linear density of yarn, tex 18.5 18.5 - Specific breaking load, cN / tex 9.3 10.1 8.6 The coefficient of variation in breaking load,% 13.3 10.3 22.6 Yarn grade 3 one - Yarn breakage per 1000 chambers / hour 198 136 31.3

Information sources

1. Reserve feeder PRCH-2. Technical description and instruction manual. - Vneshtorgizdat. Ed. No. 11417 es.

2. Reserve feeder for UNIstore A 77 carding machines from Rieter (Switzerland). Equipment for textile and light industry. Information reference book. - St. Petersburg, LLC "Information Agency" Partner ", 2005.

3. Horizontal baking powder B 36. Technical information of the company Marzoli (Italy), 2005.

4. Universal baking powder TO-U. Fiber technology. - Prospectus of the company "Truetzschler" (Germany), 2005.

5. Mkrtumyan A.S. Method for calculating the height of a column of a clogged fiber mixture in a bunker feeder shaft [text] / A.S. Mkrtumyan, A.G. Khosrovyan, Ya.M. Krasik, G.A. Khosrovyan // Izv. Universities. Technology of the textile industry. - 2006. - No. 2

6. Khosrovyan A.G. A mathematical description of the force acting on a piece of fiber on a tooth of a headset of a receiving drum in an open surface area [text] / A.G. Khosrovyan // Izv. Universities. Technology of the textile industry. - 2006. - No. 5.

7. Kushakov O.N. Development of a method for calculating the spectrum of air flow velocities in the area of a picking knife with regard to its angular position [text] / O.N. Kushakov, A.G. Khosrovyan, Ya.M. Krasik, G.A. Khosrovyan. Bulletin of the Ivanovo branch of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences and Arts. Section of Technical Sciences. - Ivanovo: IGTA, 2006.

8. Khosrovyan A.G. Improving the processes of loosening, cleaning, transportation of the semi-finished product and the formation of pneumomechanical yarn in order to improve its quality. Dis. Cand. tech. sciences. - Ivanovo. - 2007 .-- 247 p.

Claims (1)

A multi-stage baking powder cleaner containing a hopper, feed shafts, feed cylinders, a saw drum and an exhaust pipe, characterized in that a mesh drum connected to the pneumatic suction mechanism is installed under the saw drum with the possibility of free rotation, and a stationary cylinder is placed coaxially with the mesh drum , along the generatrix of which a cavity is made with a cross-section in the form of a sector, directed towards the fibrous product, under the mesh drum, an adjustable a flap in communication with the outlet pipe, at the inlet end of which there are slots, and perforation has been performed at the places of the bend of the outlet pipe, the picking knife and the scratching segment are installed from the vertical axis at a distance of the arc length corresponding to the central angle of 60-90 ° behind the scratching segment along during the fibrous product on the fence along the generatrix of the saw drum, slots are made for air flow.

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