RU2373701C2 - Method of keeping pigs on modular pig farm by "family herds" and device for this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and is designed for keeping pigs in specialised premises both on the stage of reproduction and raising. The method includes periods of reproduction and raising of pigs. The sow after farrow is left with her piglets and moved them together to pens according to a technological order until the next farrow of the sow. Then the sow is united with the litter with her previous piglets. The replacement sow is raised are check for reproductive capacity in the same “family herd”. The device has individual and group pens for animals adjacent to one another and installed according to the technological order of reproduction and raising of pigs and equipped with gates, trougs and a defecation zone the floor of which is lower than the floor in the pens that are built sloped to the defecation zone. The defecation zone in the pens is separated from the den of the pens by solid non-transparent partitions with apertures and a crack in its lower part.

EFFECT: reduced stress of the sows and piglets, better hygienic housing conditions and reduced labor content for their maintenance.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and is intended for keeping pigs in specialized rooms at the stages of reproduction and rearing.

A known method and device for growing and fattening 100 pigs per year for the like. 802-5.70.13.83. It includes isolated sections for farrowing sows and weaned pigs, reproduction and fattening.

The method involves insemination of single queens and the content of pregnant queens up to 115 days and the maintenance of sows along with suckling pigs up to 35 days of age in another isolated section. The same section contains weaned piglets up to 120 days of age (weight 29 kg). After reaching this age, weaned piglets are transferred to the section for fattening. Fattening is carried out within 203 days before reaching slaughter conditions at the age of 11 months. Feeding piglets and sows is provided with wet feed mixtures, including food waste, juicy green feed and mixed feed. For the preparation of feed feed preparation points are provided. For the removal of manure, scraper conveyors TSN-3 B are provided. Driving pigs from section to other sections is envisaged to be carried out by force, through wickets in machines and technological passages. For keeping pigs according to this method, a room with individual and group machines is provided. The room includes three isolated sections for farrowing of uterus, reproduction and fattening of pigs, as well as auxiliary rooms.

In the section of the farrowing uterus, there are three individual machines for the fixed keeping of sows during farrowing and two group machines for weaned pigs.

In the reproduction section, sows and repair young animals are kept in group machines.

Fattening pigs are also kept in group machines.

Individual group machines are equipped with feeders, wickets. Hand feed trolleys are provided for the distribution of feed. To remove manure in the sections of feeding and reproduction, a scraper conveyor TSN-2B is provided.

There is practically no defecation zone as such. The scraper conveyor is installed under the group feeders directly in the aft passage.

The floors in group machines are made with a bias towards the scraper conveyor. Under the feeders there are openings for the discharge of manure from the den of the machine into the scraper conveyor. In the farrowing section of sows and piglets, weaned defecation area is all machines and manure is removed manually.

The disadvantages of the known method and device are:

- mixing piglets from different queens during the periods of growing and fattening causes stressful decreases in the quantity and quality of products;

- the location of the machines in the sections and the sections themselves does not provide for the use of this device as a module. Increasing or decreasing the power of a pigsty requires a radical alteration of it.

The closest analogue is the method of keeping pigs and a device for its implementation (patent No. 1746969 A01K 67/02).

, где Т - общая продолжительность содержания животных, τ

- длительность опросно-подсосной стадии, дни, причем перевод животных из секции в секцию осуществляется путем их самостоятельного свободного перехода с использованием рефлекса поиска пищи, при этом корм выдают в кормушки последующей секции и одновременно открывают лазы в перегородках между секциями.The method of keeping pigs, including raising animals, sequentially in isolated sections, the duration of the animals during growing in each section is the same, and the number of stages (sections) is determined by the formula

where T is the total duration of the animals, τ

- the duration of the interrogation stage, days, and the animals are transferred from section to section by their independent free transition using the food search reflex, while the feed is fed to the feeders of the subsequent section and at the same time open the manholes in the partitions between the sections.

A device for keeping pigs, including sections isolated from each other with machine tools for animals, equipped with manholes and gates, and technological passages, the number of machines in each section is the same and equal to the number of machines in the farrowing section, all machines being equal in width and length machine tools are determined by the formula

,

,

where S _Hi is the standard area of the i-section machine, i = 1, 2, 3, ...; b is the width of the machine, while the machines in the section are placed in one or two rows, and the sections are parallel.

The disadvantages of the known method and device.

1. In the known method, the production cycle is incomplete, because does not cover pig reproduction periods.

2. The short stay of sucking piglets with sows is interrupted after farrowing. Piglets are weaned and transferred to various rooms. Stressful situations are present in both sows and piglets.

3. Defecation areas in animal machines are not fenced off from the den of the machines, so the entire area of the machines is contaminated. Cleaning it is time consuming.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a modular pig farm with a full production cycle of pigs, reducing stressful situations in sows and piglets, improving the hygienic conditions of keeping pigs and reducing the complexity of their maintenance.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the content of pigs on a modular pig farm "family herds" includes reproduction and raising pigs. In this case, the sow after farrowing is left with their piglets and transferred together to the machines according to the technological procedure, until the next sow is farrowed, and after the farrowing, the sow with the new litter is combined with the pigs of the previous offspring into a "family herd". At the same time, the repair sow is reared and checked for reproductive ability in the same “family herd”.

A device for keeping pigs on a modular pig farm "family herd", including adjacent to each other individual and group machines for animals, installed according to the technological order of reproduction and raising pigs, equipped with wickets, feeders and a defecation zone, the floors of which are below the floors in machines made with deviation to the defecation zone 1. At the same time, the defecation zone in the machines is fenced off from the den of these machines by continuous opaque partitions with openings and a gap in their lower part.

The technical result is as follows.

“Family ties” between the sow and its offspring allow the sow to combine the stages of reproduction with the stages of growing pigs after farrowing.

The reproduction stage includes periods - "rest" of the sow after the survey (from 10 to 22 days), insemination - (2-3 days), check for gestation (up to 30 days) and gestation (up to 115 days). The period of keeping the sow with piglets after its farrowing is 21-60 days, which corresponds to the early and late weaning of suckling piglets from the queens. All this together with the farrowing period makes up the sow's production cycle. In duration, it ranges from 146 to 182 days.

In the traditional production technology of pigs, sows after weaning, the piglets return to the reproduction section, where they rest, inseminate and go through the pregnant period until farrowing. Piglets-suckers, separated from the uterus, experience stress, which then intensifies when they are moved to the machines of the growing section both from the processes of moving pigs and from mixing the “nests” of piglets from other machines. This happens both at the stage of growing and at the stages of fattening pigs. At each reorganization (addition or decrease), piglets display a rank-and-file struggle, accompanied by injuries, to establish leadership.

As a result, the productivity of piglets and their quality are reduced.

In the proposed method, the sow combines reproductive periods (rest, insemination, gestation) with periods of growing piglets that are not separated from the uterus, and therefore do not experience stressful consequences. In addition, the sow before the next farrow leaves the piglets for growing, waiting for the sow to be farrowed and reconnect with them. During this period, the sow grows piglets from the previous and subsequent farrowing. To strengthen the "family herd" of repair sows choose from the number of pigs from farrowing the main sow.

This method of reproduction and growing pigs allows you to eliminate stress and their aftereffect and increase the productivity and quality of pigs.

Fencing off the zone of defecation of pigs from the den of the machines allows you to fully use the instinct of animals to organize the zone of defecation in a separate common place. This facilitates labor when servicing them and allows you to comply with standards to ensure sanitary conditions.

Providing visual contact of pigs of adjacent machines directly in the defecation area, for example, through the grilles fixes the instinct of organizing a common and allocated defecation area and simplifies the work of cleaning the machines.

The formation of individual and group machines for pigs in the module for the main sow with a train of adult queens and piglets allows you to build pig farms with simultaneous operation or gradually expand it.

In a wild herd, a sow brings up 2-3 of its offspring together up to 18 months (one and a half years).

According to traditional technology, fattening pigs to slaughter condition ends at 160-360 days of age (5-12 months), i.e. in terms at which kinship ties still appear. The duration of the pigs ’fattening period depends on the quality of the feed and the conditions of keeping, the better the feed, the shorter the pig keeping period.

Therefore, in the proposed method, the use of family ties between animals is justifiably sufficient. At the same time, to “repair” the broodstock on large farms (replacing the main sow), it is planned to produce pigs from the offspring of the main sow, which is the leader in small farms as such or the leader in large farms as a result of a rank struggle.

The combination of the periods of reproduction with the period of joint rearing of piglets is envisaged until the transfer of the pregnant sow (or, more specifically, the heavy sow) to the farrowing machine. This is usually done for a period equal to from 2-3 to 10-15 days.

Offspring from daughters of the main sow joins the next posterity. In general, this community forms a “family herd,” in which each family consists of several offspring. On the “lying” pigs are housed in families, and on feeding - all together, since piglets consider the feeding trough to be common for up to 10 months.

At the time of sow farrowing in the wild, its previous offspring should be at a distance of 5 to 30 m. At this distance, this offspring is located, waiting for the results of the sow farrowing.

To comply with such conditions on a modular farm, the machine for farrowing the uterus is fenced off from adjacent machines for adult queens and the piglets of the previous offspring with continuous opaque partitions with gates.

All machines for animals are installed in a row according to the technological order. On the one hand of this row a feed passage is provided, and on the other, defecation zones. The floor of the bowel area below the floor of the machines. In this case, the floors of the machines are made with a bias towards the defecation zone. Defecation zones are fenced off from the lair by continuous opaque partitions with an opening for animals to pass, and a slit for manure drainage is provided at the bottom of these partitions.

The partitions of the machines in the defecation zone are made lattice for visual contact of pigs.

Drinkers should be installed in bowel movements so that only one place is wet.

The organization of allocated and enclosed places for bowel movements corresponds to animal habits “in the wild” in “wild conditions”, where animals themselves allocate bowel movements at a certain distance from nests and “lying”.

The need to withstand certain distances from the "lying" of the pigs in the proposed device is replaced by solid opaque partitions between the machines.

When animals are in the machines, both adult and growing piglets use defecation zones that are enclosed by solid walls, which protect the animals from imitation reflexes.

When cleaning and washing machines, liquid effluents under the influence of the slope of the floors in the machines drain through slots in the partitions into the defecation zone. Such arrangement of defecation zones provides the required sanitary and hygienic conditions for animals in the machines and can significantly reduce labor costs for cleaning the machines.

Visual contacts through, for example, gratings in the partitions between the defecation zones of adjacent machines allow animals to get to know each other even before moving from one machine to another, as well as display conditioned reflexes along the mark of their territory.

The capabilities of the “family herd” allow combining the reproductive periods of sows with the cultivation of piglets and repair pigs, i.e. raise all together using "family ties" between animals. This method of keeping pigs eliminates stressful situations that adversely affect the productivity of animals.

A device for implementing the maintenance of pigs on a modular pig farm "family herds" is presented in figure 1, 2. Figure 1 shows a device for implementing a method of keeping pigs on a modular pig farm "family herds". Figure 2 shows fragments of the partition between the defecation area and the den of the machines and the device of the gap between the floor and the partitions: section 1-1 and view along arrow A.

A device for implementing the method consists of 2 adjacent machines 1 and 2, separated by a continuous opaque partition 3. In the machine 1, transforming partitions 4 are provided for fixing the sow during farrowing. Feeders 5 and 6 are provided for feeding the sows and piglets. Feeder 7 is provided in the machine 2 for feeding pigs. In both machines 1 and 2 there are wickets 8 and 9 for accessing the passage 10, and the gate 11 in the solid opaque partition 3 is intended for communication between machine tools. On the opposite side of the passage 10, a defecation zone 12 is provided, which is fenced off from the machine den by continuous opaque partitions 13 with openings 14 for animals and a slot in the lower part 15. The partition 13 is supported on the floor of the machines 1 and 2 by the stands 16. Defecation zones 12 of both machines 1 and 2 are separated by a partition, for example a grate 17, for visual contact of animals.

Example

Machine 1 is intended for farrowing sows and growing piglets with it, for example, up to the age of 60 days. Machine 2 is designed for growing and fattening piglets up to the age of 180 days. The sow goes through all stages - periods of reproduction processes in the machine 2 - rest, insemination and gestation up to 105-110 days. 5-10 days before the farrowing, the sow through the wickets 8, 9 and the passage 10 moves to the machine 1, where it is fixed during the farrowing by transforming partitions 4.

After farrowing, the sow is freed and kept together with sucking piglets for 60 days. The suction period lasts, for example, 45 days. In the remaining 15 days, the sow inseminates and becomes pregnant. The lactating sow uses the feeding trough 5, and the pigs - the feeding trough 6. Before the end of the period of keeping the sow with the pigs in the machine 1, the gate 11 is opened for passage to the machine 2. The pigs, by virtue of their curiosity, go to the machine 2, study it and gradually get used to new conditions. At the time of the transition of animals from machine 1 to machine 2, the food search reflex is used. The feed is given to the feeder 7 of the machine 2, and no feed is given to the feeders 5, 6 of the machine 1. Piglets and sows independently pass from machine 1 to machine 2 and are kept together.

10 days before the end of gestation, the sow (gestation is 105 days) is transferred through wickets 8, 9 and passage 10 from the machine 2 to the farrowing machine 1. The age of the piglets at this point will be 150 days.

After 10 days, the sow is farrowing a second time. The piglets of both machines 1 and 2, as well as the sow, use the defecation zone 12, passing through the openings 14. During use of the defecation zone, visual contact occurs between the animals through, for example, the grill 17 in the defecation zone 12.

20 days after this, the piglets in the loom 2 will complete their feeding period at the age of 180 days. They will be sent for sale, but first one pig A will be selected from them for growing a repair uterus from it to replace the main sow (repair of the brood stock). The age of the repair pig A at the time of its selection is 180 days. It is necessary to grow it for another 90 days until the puberty is 270 days. This is done in machine 2.

40 days after this moment, the period of keeping pigs of the 2nd farrowing with a sow will end, of which gestation is 25 days, the animals are transferred from machine 1 to machine 2. The gate 11 first opens and the pigs get acquainted with machine 2, and at the time of transfer From machine 1 to machine 2, the food search reflex is used. The feed is given to the feeder 7, but not to the feeders 5, 6. Since sows and offspring maintain close family ties for up to 1.5 years, the repair pig A will join the second farrow piglets with the sow and they will be bred together. At the time of reunion of these animals, the age of the repair pig A is 220 days, the pigs of the 2nd farrowing are 60 days, and the sow is pregnant at 15 days. After 50 days of co-rearing, piglets are 110 days old, the sows are pregnant for 65 days, and mumps A reaches puberty - its age is 270 days. Repair pig A is seeded and kept in the same machine 2 until the end of gestation.

After 40 days, the age of the piglets in machine 2 will be 150 days, for the pregnant repair pig A, 40 days, and for the pregnant sow 105 days. The sow is transferred through the gates 8, 9 and the passage 10 from the machine 2 to the machine 1 for farrowing. After 10 days, the sow is farrowing for the 3rd time. At this point, the repair pig mump A will be 50 days old, and the age of the 2nd farrowing piglet in machine 2 will be 160 days.

After 20 days, piglets of the 2nd farrowing in machine 2 reached the age of 180 days. They are sent for implementation. At the same time, one pig is selected from among them for the cultivation of repair pig B from it for the repair of brood stock. It is left in the machine 2 until the age of 270 days, i.e. for another 90 days.

In the machine 1 contains a sow and pigs of the 3rd farrow. Their age is 20 days. In this machine, piglets are kept for another 40 days (up to 60 days of age).

At the end of the lactation period (45 days), the sow is seeded again and after 15 days it is transferred from the machine 1 to the machine 2 together with the piglets (3rd farrowing). In this case, the repair pig A is 110 days pregnant. It is transferred from the machine 2 to the farrowing machine 1 in advance, in about 5 days. After farrowing, repair pig A is evaluated for its suitability for further use. With a positive decision, the repair pig A ends its stay in the machine 1 by the end of the suction period (after 45 days), inseminates and becomes pregnant (15 days in term).

At the time of transfer of the repair pig A with piglets from machine 1 to machine 2 through the gate 11, the sow located in machine 2 will have a gestation age of 80 days, and the pigs of its 3rd farrow are 125 days old.

Due to family relationships, repair pig A with piglets joins the sow with piglets of the 3rd farrow (their age is 60 days). A "family herd" is formed.

In the “family herd” there are pigs of 60 days of age from maintenance pig A, pigs of 125 days of age from the 3rd farrowing sow and repair pig B of 280 days of age. Repair pig B from 270 days began to go through the stages of reproduction. The "family herd" is fully operational; the sow, as the ancestor of all its descendants, is the leader.

When lying on vacation, the family nests of a sow with piglets and a repair pig A with piglets, as well as a repair pig B, choose separate sections of the machine 2 for themselves.

When feeding, animals use a feeder 7. At the same time, there is no rank struggle among animals due to tradition and familiarization with each other in the defecation zone 12 through the grate 17 before transferring piglets from machine 1 to machine 2.

Adult sows, by virtue of family ties and subordination to the leader - the sow, communicate on the basis of rank relations.

Claims (2)

1. The method of keeping pigs on a modular pig farm "family herd", including periods of reproduction and growing pigs, characterized in that the sow after farrowing is left with their pigs and transferred together to the machines, according to the technological order, until the next sow farrowing, after which combine the sow with the litter with its previous piglets, while the repair sow is grown and checked for reproductive ability in the same "family herd". 2. A device for keeping pigs on a modular pig farm "family herd", including adjacent to each other individual and group machines for animals, installed according to the technological order of reproduction and raising pigs, equipped with wickets, feeders and a defecation zone, the floors of which are below the floors in the machines, made with a bias towards the defecation zone, characterized in that the defecation zone in the machines is fenced off from the den of these machines with continuous opaque partitions with openings and a gap in their lower part.

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