RU2506745C2 - Method of growing pigs and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, and is intended for growing pigs on pig farms, using the proposed method and device for its implementation. The method of management of pigs on a pig farm, comprising animal management sequentially on stages of reproduction, farrowing-sucking, growing and fattening in isolated sections, the amount of which is determined by the formula K=T/Tfs, where T is total duration of management of pigs; Tfs is duration of farrowing-sucking stage; at that the duration of animal management in the sections on the stages of growing and fattening is the same, and the duration of farrowing-sucking Tfsj animal management in the sections is reduced to a value multiple of the duration of each of the subsequent stages of growing Tgj, or fattening pigs Tfatj; the value of operating cycle of farrowing-sucking section is determined by the formula f=(Tgj; Tfatj)/Tfs, and the pigs are transferred sequentially and alternately according to the tact in the section of the production lines for growing or fattening, and the production rate P in the sections of growing and farrowing-sucking is determined by the formula P=Rtj/f.

EFFECT: device for management of pigs comprising sections isolated from each other with units for animals, equipped with wickets, access doors and technological passes, at that the number of production lines is equal to the value of operating cycle of the farrowing-sucking section where these production lines are adjacent, and the number of pig places for piglets in the farrowing-sucking sections and sections of production lines of growing or fattening is equal.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for growing pigs in pig farms.

A known method of raising animals and a device for its implementation according to the standard project 802-225 and 802-277 Institute Giproniiselkhoz for 1976. Under this project, pigsties of the reproductive and fattening workshops are located in two large-sized buildings measuring 73 × 306, 78 × 276. Between themselves, these buildings are connected by a gallery. Inside, they are divided along the continuation of the gallery, on both sides of which are specialized rooms-sections for various sex and age groups of animals. Pigs of all age and sex groups are kept in isolated sections, in individual and group machines, equipped with wickets, feeders, bowel movements and walkways for staff

The technology of keeping animals is 3-phase linear type with a unidirectional livestock movement vector. Production rhythm 2 days. Heavily uterine uterus in the amount of 33 animals is transferred every two days to the farrowing section 7 days before they are performed. After farrowing, the uterus is kept in the farrowing section together with sucking piglets until weaning of piglets at the age of 26 days. After weaning, the piglets are kept in farrowing machines for about 5 days, and the sows are immediately sent to sections for single queens to repeat reproduction. After the end of the term of keeping the piglets in the farrowing section, they are transferred to the growing section. Each section holds 600 heads of weaned piglets. Therefore, it is filled for four days. The piglets section contains up to 112 days of age. On this site group machines with a capacity of 25 heads are provided. Each machine has three continuous partitions, and the fourth, front one consists of a gate and self-feeders for dry feed. At the back of the machine is a bowel movement.

Then they are transferred to the fattening workshop. Each section of the fattening workshop holds 600 piglets. Each feedlot machine is made up of solid partitions, a side feeder, a bowel movement in the back of the machine, and wickets in the front. One such section is filled in 4 days. Piglets are fed up to 228 days of age. All animal hauls are carried out in the gallery.

The disadvantages of the known method and device for growing pigs are as follows.

1. Large energy and labor costs for moving animals.

2. The productivity of the production, growing and fattening areas of piglets is severely limited by the capabilities of the technology.

3. It is impossible to add additional production facilities in order to increase the productivity of the pig farm.

The closest analogue is the method of keeping pigs and a device for its implementation (RF patent No. 1746968 A01K 67/02).

The method of keeping pigs, including raising animals, sequentially in isolated sections, the duration of keeping animals when growing in each section is the same, and the number of stages (sections) is determined by the formula K = Tr / Top, where Tr is the total duration of keeping animals, Top is the length of farrowing -superior stage, days, moreover, the animals are transferred from section to section by their independent free transition using the food search reflex, while the feed is fed to the feeders of the subsequent section and od TERM opened manholes in the partitions between the sections.

, где S_Hi - нормативная площадь станка i - секции, i=1,2,3,…; b - ширина станка, при этом станки в секции размещены в один или два ряда, а секции расположены параллельно.A device for keeping pigs, including sections isolated from each other with machine tools for animals, equipped with manholes and wickets, and technological passages, the number of machines in each section is the same and equal to the number of machines in the farrowing section, all machines being equal in width and length machine tools are determined by the formula $$L_i=\frac{S_{Hi}}{b}$$

where S _Hi is the standard area of the machine i - sections, i = 1,2,3, ...; b is the width of the machine, while the machines in the section are placed in one or two rows, and the sections are parallel.

The disadvantages of the known method and device are as follows.

1. In the known method, the production processes for reproduction and raising pigs are carried out linearly according to the technology of keeping pigs with a unidirectional livestock movement vector. When using technologies of any phase, production processes begin on the reproduction site, then they are linearly moved to the farrowing section and then sequentially to the growing and fattening sections.

2. The known method is not universal in relation to the expansion of production and increase productivity, since the premises for the new livestock must be placed separately from previously constructed premises. With such space-planning decisions, it is impossible to make technological processes combined. They can be performed only separately - on each farm independently, without tying them together in a single stream.

The objective of the proposed invention is the creation of pig farms with the possibility of their phased expansion, without interrupting the technological flow of pig production and using the litter-section as the initial centers for delivery according to the selected stroke of their work, sequentially and alternately piglets in adjacent to the centers in-line production lines according to the proposed multi-cycle technology keeping pigs.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the method of keeping pigs on a pig farm, including keeping animals sequentially at the stages of reproduction, farrowing, growing and fattening in isolated sections, the number of which is determined by the formula K = T / Top, where T is the total length of time pigs; Top - the duration of the farrowing stage; the duration of keeping animals in sections at the stages of growing and fattening is the same, and the duration of the litter-lactating Topj keeping animals in sections is reduced to a multiple of the duration of each of the subsequent stages of growing Totj, or fattening Totkj piglets; the working cycle of the litter-sucking section is determined by the formula f = (Totj; Totkj) / Top, and the piglets are transferred sequentially and alternately according to the beat in the section of technological lines for growing or fattening, while the production rhythm P in the reproduction and litter-section is determined by the formula Pj = P / f.

A device is provided for keeping pigs, including sections isolated from each other with machine tools for animals, equipped with wickets, manholes and technological passages, the number of technological lines being equal to the cycle rate of the farrowing section to which these technological lines are adjacent, and the number of pig rooms piglets in the farrowing sections and sections of technological lines of cultivation or fattening are the same.

New significant features are the following.

1. The duration of the litter-suckling stage of Topj is reduced to a multiple of each of the subsequent stages of cultivation of Totj, or of fattening Totkj piglets.

2. The magnitude of the cycle of operation of the farrowing-suction center is determined by the formula f = (Totj; Totkj) / Top.

3. Piglets are transferred sequentially and alternately according to the beat in the section of technological lines for growing or fattening.

4. The production rhythm in the reproduction and farrowing sections is determined by the formula Pj = P / f.

5. The number of technological lines is equal to the magnitude of the stroke of the farrowing section.

6. The number of pig places for piglets in the farrowing sections and in the sections of technological lines of growing or fattening is the same.

The technical result is as follows.

1. All known 2, 3, 4, 5 phase technologies are single-cycle and linear in directional vectors of livestock movement according to the technological order - from reproduction sections to farrowing sections and further to growing or fattening sections.

2. With a decrease in the duration of the stage of keeping sows in the farrowing stage, it becomes possible to sequentially and sequentially complete the pig breeding sections of several processing lines, the number of which is equal to the cycle rate f of the operation of the farrowing center. As a rule, the measure f is expressed in whole numbers and is equal to from 1 to 4 or more.

3. Sowing-lactation sections acquire the status of a center that works according to the cycle time, according to which repeated production cycles are performed in litter-lactation sections from farrowing to the completion of the sows with suckling pigs and from which piglets are moved sequentially and sequentially through multi-stroke sections technological lines.

4. The duration of the stages of cultivation or fattening is determined by the formula (Totj, Totkj) = f * Topj

5. With single-cycle technology, the livestock movement vector is unidirectional.

With 2-stroke technology, the vector has 2 directions.

With 3-stroke technology, the vector has 3 directions.

With 4-stroke technology, the vector has 4 directions.

6. When switching from a single-cycle unidirectional technology to a multi-cycle and multi-directional production rhythm for the breeding or fattening sections, it remains the same, and for the reproduction and farrowing sections, it is necessary to reduce in proportion to the stroke rate of the farrowing center.

7. The magnitude of the new multi-cycle production rhythm is inversely proportional to the quotient of dividing the single-cycle production rhythm by the cycle rate of the lavage-sucking center.

8. The performance of multi-cycle technologies is greater than single-cycle technologies in proportion to the cycle rate of the lavage center.

9. The use of multi-cycle technologies makes it possible to gradually increase the productivity of the pig farm while constructing new premises and operating existing ones.

10. Due to the intensive use of farrowing centers, there is no need to expand them, which will undoubtedly reduce the total capital investment in comparison with traditional pork production technologies.

Figure 1 schematically shows a pigsty for 121 pigs per year with 2-phase single-cycle traditional technology (solid lines) with an increase in capacity to 242 pigs per year with 2-phase 2-stroke technology (dashed lines). Figure 2 shows a pig farm for 4840 pigs per year (solid lines) with a 2-phase single-cycle traditional technology for keeping pigs; with the expansion of the farm to 9682 pigs per year (dash-dotted lines) with 2-phase 2-stroke technology and with the expansion of the farm up to 14523 pigs per year (dashed line) with 2-phase 3-stroke technology.

The device for keeping pigs includes (Fig. 1) isolated sections 1 with machines 2 for farrowing sows and suckling pigs, passages 3 with wickets 4 and wickets 5 in machines 2. In the same section 1 in machines 2, it is provided to contain weaners stages of growing. For feeding piglets, sections 6 are provided, the machines in which are not conventionally shown. To transfer piglets from section 1 to section 6, manholes 7 with hermetic doors are provided. In section 6, passages 8 are provided with gates 9, and for passage into the inside of section 6, gates are provided 10. From section 1, through gates 11, an exit to the second passage 12 of this section 1 is provided for the pigs to pass through the manhole 7 into the passage 13 and through the 10 gates section 14, which is intended for fattening pigs during 2-phase 2-stroke operation of section 1.

On a large pig farm (Fig. 2), a section for reproduction 16 and a section 17 for growing and fattening pigs, which communicate with each other through connecting corridors 18, are adjacent to the farrowing section 15; the above sections are enough for 2-phase traditional single-cycle pig keeping technology .

In 2-phase 2-stroke operation of the side-suction section 15, additional sections 19 are connected via the connecting corridor 18, and in the 2-phase 3-stroke technology, the sections 20 are also connected to the side-suction section 15 through the connecting corridor 18. In these cases, the reproductive sections expand by additional sections 21 and 22, respectively.

As an example, consider a 2-phase single-cycle technology, i.e. traditional with a production rhythm of 28 days and the size of the suction group of 1 sow.

Farm productivity is determined by the formula

MK = G * PM * KS * PGU / R, goal,

Where:

G - the number of days in a year (365); PM - the size of the group of lactating sows (1), goal; KS - the safety of the livestock, (0.88); PGU - the number of piglets per 1 farrow of the sow (10.55), goals; P - production rhythm 28 days.

After substituting the initial data in the formula, we determine the farm performance

MK = 365 * 1 * 0.88 * 10.55 / 28 = 121 goals.

The number of measures f = Totk1 / Top1 = 112/112 = 1, where

Totk1 - the duration of the feeding stage of a single-cycle traditional 2-phase technology - 112 days;

Top1 - the duration of the stages of farrowing (56 days) and the content of weaned piglets (56 days) - 112 days.

The production rhythm P is equal to the original (see Fig. 11), i.e. 28 days, since the number of measures is 1: f = P / Pt = 28/28 = 1.

Conventionally, the machines of the reproduction section are not shown. Figure 1 shows the section 1 for the content in the looms 2 of heavy pregnant queens before farrowing - 7 days, after farrowing in the suction period of 35 days and suckling pigs after weaning from sows for 14 days (56 days in total). After that, the sows are transferred through the passage 3 and gates 4, 5 to the reproduction area to repeat the cycle. Piglets remain in machines 2 sections 1 for growing weaned piglets also for 56 days. In total, section 1 was occupied 112 days, and the piglets were also 112 days old. On day 113, the piglets should go from section 1 to the machines of section 6 through the manholes 7, the passage 8 and the gate 10 for keeping them at the stage of feeding for 112 days. The passage 8 has gates 9 for staff. The entire cycle of growing piglets from birth is 224 days. By the end of the stage of pig fattening in section 6, the stage of keeping the next group of piglets in section 1 will end, received from the next group of sows, which were placed in the machines 2 of section 1 on 113 days from the start. The pigs of the first group fattened in section 6 will go for sale, and the grown piglets of the next group in machines 2 of section 1 will go to section 6 for keeping at the stage of feeding.

When considering our example with traditional single-cycle technology, one section 6 is enough for fattening piglets.

To expand the pig farm considered above by 121 heads per year by 2 times, we use a 2-phase 2-stroke technology with a production rhythm of 28 days and the size of the suction group of 1 sow.

According to the proposed 2-phase 2-stroke technology, the period of keeping pigs in the farrowing section is reduced by 2 times, since the number of ticks is 2:

Top2 = Totk1 / f = 112/2 = 56 days.

Where

Totk1 - the duration of the feeding stage of a single-cycle traditional 2-phase technology is 112 days.

The production rhythm with 2-phase 2-stroke technology is determined by the formula Pt2 = P1 / f- = 28/2 = 14 days.

The performance of the pig farm is determined by the following formula

MK = G * PM * KS * PGU / R = 365 * 1 *, 88 * 10.55 / 14 = 242 goals

The productivity of a 2-phase 2-stroke content technology is 2 times higher than the productivity of a pig farm with a 2-phase single-cycle technology.

The duration of the top-litter stage Top2 is 56 days, of which 28 days is the length of the litter stage, in which sows with suckling pigs are kept in machines in section 2 of section 1 and the next 28 days are the length of the stage of weaning piglets (total - 56 days) in the same machines in section 2 1. The sows are moved after weaning to the breeding area and, to repeat the next cycle, are done through wickets 5 and 4 and passage 3. The pigs remain in the machines of section 2 1 for the next 28 days.

On day 57, piglets from machine tools 2 of section 1 pass through wickets 5, passage 3 and manholes 7 to machines of section 6, where 112 days are kept at the stage of feeding. This will happen on the 168th day from the beginning of the counting of the days of the first group and the day the piglets of this group will end.

But before that, on 112 days from the start of the days, the second group of weaners will be ready, which through wickets 11, passage 12, hole 7 and passage 13 will go from machines 2 of section 1 to machines of section 14 (dashed lines) for keeping at the feeding stage within 112 days, i.e. at 224 days from the start of the days.

On the 168th day from the start of counting, heavy-sowing sows of the third group are placed in machines 2 of section 1 7 days before farrowing. After farrowing, the sows contain the entire suction period with sucking pigs for 21 days. Then the sows from the machines of 2 sections 1 are distilled to the reproduction site to repeat the cycle, and the piglets are left in the machines 2 for another 28 days until the age of 56 days. This will happen on the 224th day from the start of the days. On this day, the piglets are transferred to the machines of the feeding section 6, in which the pigs will be kept 112 days before the age of 168 days or on the 336th day from the start of the days.

The duration of the feeding stage is Totk = Top2 * f- = 56 * 2 = 112. The livestock movement vector is directed in two directions, i.e. to the center in the form of farrowing sections adjoin two two-phase single-cycle technological lines (figure 1).

Annual productivity increased to 242 goals, i.e. 2 times, due to 2 feed production lines

The result of applying the 2-phase 3-stroke technology for keeping pigs is shown below on the example of a pig farm for 4840 pigs per year (figure 2).

Initial data for calculations. At the beginning, you should calculate the performance of the pig farm with a 2-phase single-cycle technology for keeping pigs. In the group of lactating uterus 30 sows; production rhythm 21 days; safety factor 0.88; the estimated number of piglets per farrow per sow 10.55 goals.

Sows are brought to the farrowing section 15 7 days before the planned farrowing and are kept after farrowing with suckling pigs for 21 days. After weaning piglets from the uterus, the piglets are kept without queens in the previous machines for another 28 days and another 56 days in the status of weaning piglets also in the previous machines of the same section 15. In total, the farrowing stage together with weaning pigs has a duration of 112 days. The number of cycles with a 2-phase single-cycle technology for keeping pigs f = 1. The directional movement of the livestock is one-sided: from reproduction 16 to the farrowing center 15 and further to the feeding sections 17 through the connecting corridors 18. The duration of the Totk1 feeding stage is determined by the formula Totk1 = Top1 * f = 112 * 1 = 112 days, where

Top1 - the duration of the stages of farrowing (56 days) and the content of weaned piglets (56 days) - 112 days.

The duration of one production cycle from farrowing to the completion of the feeding stage is 224 days.

The annual productivity of the pig farm 2-phase single-cycle technology is:

MK = G * PM * KS * PGU / R, = 365 * 30 * 0.88 * 10.55 / 21 = 4840 goals.

Schematically, the layout of the pig farm for 4840 pigs per year is presented in figure 2 in solid lines.

When using the 2-phase 2-stroke technology of keeping pigs, the duration of the feeding stage remains the same according to the above calculations, i.e. Totk1-112 days. Since the measure f is equal to 2, the duration of the farrowing stage will be 2 times less: Top2 = Totk1 / f = 112/2 = 56 days. Of these days, 28 days fall on pre-growth 7 days and 21 days on the suction stage. The remaining 28 days are for the maintenance of piglets in the status of weaners. Then the duration of the feeding stage Tot2 with the number of cycles equal to 2 will be: Totk2 = Top2 * f = 56 * 2 = 112 days. The entire cycle from farrowing to the completion of fattening will be 168 days.

The vector of directional movement of the livestock is bilateral: from reproduction 16 to the farrowing center 15 and from it in 2 directions: down and to the right in FIG. 2 to the feeding sections 17 and 19. To move the animals along the sections, connecting corridors 18 are provided.

The production rhythm of PT2 is equal to the original, divided by the number of cycles f = 2:

Pt2 = P1 / f = 21/2 = 10.5.

Then the performance of the pig farm is

MK = G * PM * KS * PGU / R, = 365 * 30 * 0.88 * 10.55 / 10.5 = 9682 goals.

The duration of one production cycle is 168 days. The productivity of a pig farm with a 2-phase 2-stroke technology for keeping pigs is 2 times greater than a 2-phase single-cycle, i.e. traditional.

Schematically, the layout of the pig farm for 9682 heads per year is shown in FIG. 2 by solid and dashed lines: to the single-cycle production line (solid circuit) 17, the same production line 19 (dash-dot circuit) is added. Each of these lines is filled with piglets sequentially and alternately after 56 days. The production rhythm on each of these 2 technological lines remains the same, equal to the original, and in the farrowing section and in the reproductive sections the production rhythm is 2 times less, i.e. inversely proportional to the measure.

When using the 2-phase 3-stroke technology of keeping pigs, the number of cycles f = 3. The livestock movement vector is directed in three directions from the farrowing center 15 in the form of feeding sections 17 of solid lines, 19 of dash-dotted lines and 20 of dashed lines. Then the duration of the stage of feeding Totk3 is determined by the formula Totk3 = Top3 * f = 56 * 3 = 168 days., Where

Top3 - the duration of the stages of farrowing-suckling (28 days) and the content of weaned piglets (28 days and a total of -56 days) of 2-phase 3-stroke technology. The production rhythm of the 3-stroke technology (figure 2) is determined by the formula Pt3 = P1 / f = 21/3 = 7 days.

When using the 2-phase 3-stroke technology of keeping pigs, the productivity of the pig farm is equal to:

MK = G * PM * KS * PGU / R3t, = 365 * 30 * 0.88 * 10.55 / 7 = 14523 goals.

The productivity of a pig farm with a 2-phase 3-stroke technology is three times greater than a 2-phase single-cycle, i.e. traditional. This is because pigs are fed on three processing lines at the same time. In this case, the cycle of raising pigs from farrowing to complete the feeding of this 2-phase 3-stroke technology for keeping pigs is 224 days. This duration is the same with the 2-phase single-cycle pig keeping technology, but it is 3 times more productive.

Schematically, the layout of the pig farm for 14523 pigs per year is presented in figure 2 by solid, dash-dotted and dashed lines. Three processing lines 17, 19 and 20, as well as reproducers 16, 21 and 22, adjoin the farrowing center 15, and all these buildings communicate with the farrowing center 2 through connecting corridors 18, through which piglets from the center of the farrowing sections 15 distilled in feedlots 17, 19 and 20.

Claims (2)

1. The method of keeping pigs on a pig farm, including keeping animals sequentially at the stages of reproduction, farrowing, rearing and fattening in isolated sections, the number of which is determined by the formula K = T / Top, where T is the total duration of the pigs; Top - the duration of the farrowing stage; characterized in that the duration of keeping animals in sections at the stages of growing and fattening is the same, and the duration of the litter-lactating Topj keeping animals in sections is reduced to a multiple of the duration of each of the subsequent stages of growing Toj, or fattening Totkj piglets; the working cycle of the litter-sucking section is determined by the formula f = (ToTj; Totkj) / Top, and the piglets are transferred sequentially and alternately according to the beat in the section of technological lines for growing or fattening, while the production rhythm P in the reproduction and litter sections is determined by the formula Pj = P / f. 2. A device for keeping pigs, comprising isolated from each other sections with machine tools for animals, equipped with wickets, manholes and technological passages, characterized in that the number of technological lines is equal to the cycle time of the farrowing section to which these technological lines are adjacent, and the number of pig places for piglets in the farrowing sections and sections of technological lines of cultivation or feeding is the same.

Images