RU2286671C2 - Method for keeping of pigs in country modular pig farm and apparatus for effectuating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, pig farming.

SUBSTANCE: method involves pig growing steps, with time of steps being equal and quantity of steps being determined from formula: Q=T/τ, where T is pig keeping time, days, and τ is time of farrowing-sucking step, days; after weaning of pigs from sucker swine, transferring sucker swine into individual pen for keeping at rest step T_r and gestation step T_g, with total time of said steps being equal to time of reproduction step T_rep=T_r+T_g, days. Apparatus has pens, each adapted for keeping of one swine with pig litter after farrowing, said pens being positioned according to pig production order and provided with gates, feeders and defecation zone. Number of pens for animals is determined from dependence: N_p=PH+1, where PH is number of pig keeping phases at growing and feeding steps, and 1 is value taking into account number of swine pens at reproduction steps.

EFFECT: increased efficiency by providing series and full-cycle production of pigs.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and is intended for keeping pigs in specialized rooms at the stages of reproduction, growing and fattening.

A known method and device for growing and fattening 100 pigs per year for the like. 802-5.70.13.83. It includes isolated sections for breeding, farrowing sows, raising weaned piglets and feeding them.

The method involves insemination of single queens and the content of pregnant queens up to 115 days, the maintenance of sows along with suckling pigs up to 35 days of age in another isolated section. Weaned piglets up to 120 days of age (weight 29 kg) are raised in the same section. After reaching this age, weaned piglets are transferred to the section for fattening. Fattening is carried out within 203 days before reaching slaughter conditions at the age of 11 months. Feeding piglets and sows is provided with wet feed mixtures, including food waste, juicy green feed and animal feed. For the preparation of feed feed preparation points are provided. For manure removal, scraper conveyors TSN-2B are provided. Driving pigs from section to other sections is envisaged to be carried out by force, through wickets in machines and technological passages. For keeping pigs according to this method, a room with individual and group machines is provided. The room includes 3 isolated sections for farrowing of uterus, reproduction, raising and fattening of pigs, as well as auxiliary rooms.

In the section of farrowing farms there are 3 individual machines for the fixed keeping of sows during farrowing and 2 group machines for growing weaned pigs.

In the sow reproduction section and repair young animals are kept in group machines.

Fattening pigs are also kept in group machines.

Individual group machines are equipped with feeders, wickets. Hand feed trolleys are provided for the distribution of feed. To remove manure in the sections of feeding and reproduction, a scraper conveyor TSN-2B is provided.

There is practically no defecation zone as such. The scraper conveyor is installed under the group feeders directly in the aft passage.

The floors in group machines are made with a bias towards the scraper conveyor. Under the feeders there are openings for the drainage of manure from the den of the machine into the scraper conveyor. In the farrowing section of sows and weaned piglets, all machines are defecated, and the manure is removed manually.

The disadvantages of the known device are as follows.

1. Three-phase technology of keeping pigs with stages uneven in duration does not allow to organize production flow and does not allow to observe strict isolation of sections:

sows are farmed in a section that still contains weaned piglets;

weaned piglets are transferred to the feeding section, where the previous farrowing piglets are not yet finished;

Manure removal is provided for by one TSN-2B conveyor with an inclined part from all sections, which violates the isolation of these sections.

2. The location of the machines in the sections and the sections themselves does not provide for the use of this device as a module. Increasing or decreasing the power of a pigsty requires a radical alteration of it.

3. Mixing piglets from different queens during the periods of growing and fattening causes stressful decreases in the quantity and quality of products.

The closest analogue is the method of keeping pigs and a device for its implementation (patent No. 1746968, A 01 K 67/02).

, где Т - общая продолжительность содержания животных, τ - длительность опоросно-подсосной стадии, дней, причем перевод животных из секции в секцию осуществляется путем их самостоятельного свободного перехода с использованием рефлекса поиска пищи, при этом корм выдают в кормушки последующей секции и одновременно открывают лазы в перегородках между секциями.The method of keeping pigs, including raising animals sequentially in isolated sections, the duration of keeping animals when growing in each section is the same, and the number of stages (sections) is determined by the formula

, where T is the total duration of keeping animals, τ is the length of the litter stage, days, and the animals are transferred from section to section by their independent free transition using the food search reflex, while the feed is fed to the feeders of the subsequent section and at the same time open the manholes in partitions between sections.

, где S_Hi - нормативная площадь станка i-секции, i=1, 2, 3,...; b - ширина станка, при этом станки в секции размещены в один или два ряда, а секции расположены параллельно.A device for keeping pigs, including sections isolated from each other with machine tools for animals, equipped with manholes and gates, and technological passages, the number of machines in each section is the same and equal to the number of machines in the farrowing section, all machines being equal in width and length machine tools are determined by the formula

where S _Hi is the standard area of the i-section machine, i = 1, 2, 3, ...; b is the width of the machine, while the machines in the section are placed in one or two rows, and the sections are parallel.

The disadvantages of the known method and device are as follows.

1. In the known method, the production cycle is incomplete, because does not cover pig reproduction periods.

2. The known method is not universal, because production flow can be carried out only at large pig farms, and of course without reproduction stages.

3. Although incomplete, without a reproduction cycle, but still a module can be formed. At the same time, the modules are docked together with an increase in production not by defecation zones, which are placed in a mess. Hence the contamination of the machines and the great labor involved in cleaning them from manure.

The task of the invention is the creation of modules with continuous and with a full cycle of production of pigs for small peasant pig farms.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the content of pigs on a modular pig farm includes stages of growing and fattening pigs, the duration of which is the same, and the number of stages (sections) is determined by the formula K = T / τ, where T is the duration of the pigs, days; τ is the duration of the farrowing stage, days; while post-weaning piglets suckling from her uterus is transferred into a separate machine for the content on the stages _{of the} rest of T and T pregnancy _soup, the sum of which equals the length of the duration of the stage of reproduction _{T: T} = T _o + T _soup days.

The device of a modular pig farm includes machines for one sow with a train of piglets after farrowing, installed in accordance with the technological procedure for the production of pigs, and is equipped with wickets, feeders and a defecation zone, while the number of machine tools for animals is determined by the dependence N _article = Ф + 1, where Ф is the number phases of keeping pigs at the stages of farrowing, rearing and fattening, and 1 - takes into account the number of machines for sows at the stages of reproduction.

New significant features are the following.

1. After weaning, piglets from the sucking uterus are transferred to a separate machine for keeping T _о and gestation T _soup at the resting stages, the sum of the durations of which is equal to the duration of the reproductive stage T _в : Т _в = Т _о + Т _soup , days.

2. The number of machine tools for animals is determined by the dependence N _article = Ф + 1, where Ф is the number of phases of keeping pigs at the stages of rearing and feeding, and 1 - takes into account the number of machines for sows at the stages of reproduction.

The technical result is as follows.

The reproduction stage includes periods - “rest” of the sow after farrowing (from 5 to 22 days), insemination - (2-3 days), check for gestation (up to 30 days) and gestation (up to 115 days).

In the traditional production technology of pigs, sows after weaning, the piglets return to the reproduction section, where they rest, inseminate and go through the pregnant period until farrowing. Excluding the uterine gap, when they are inseminated, the duration of the reproduction stage is 120-137 days.

The production flow provides for uniform year-round farrowing of sows, cultivation and fattening of piglets in accordance with the production rhythm of production, full occupancy of production areas and their reservation for repair work on the principle of "empty-occupied".

In the proposed method, varying the duration of the resting stage and summing it with the duration of gestation, so that this amount is equal to the duration of reproduction and, therefore, a multiple of the lengths of the litter-suckling stage and, therefore, the durations of the stages of growing and fattening.

This method of reproduction and growing pigs allows you to apply the principles of production on small pig farms and increase the productivity and quality of pigs, and modularity allows you to organize the production of pigs with minimal start-up costs and the gradual expansion of production by building new modules without interrupting production.

Moreover, the number of machine tools for modules depends on the number of phases in production and is determined by the proposed dependence N = Ф + 1. This is necessary during the construction of new farms, and especially for reconstructed pig farms.

The formation of machine tools for pigs in the module for the main sow with a train of repair queens and piglets allows you to build a pig farm with simultaneous operation or gradually expand it.

The proposed method and device allows you to organize the production line of pig production on small peasant farms. In line production, premises, equipment, animals are used more rationally, and the productivity and quality of animals are increased. The proposed pig farm module allows you to expand production during operation, without stopping production.

Figure 1 shows the module on the 1st main sow with a train of piglets and repair pigs, consisting of 4 machines, with a 3-phase method of keeping animals.

Figure 2 shows 2 modules with a 3-phase content method.

Figure 3 shows the module on the 1st sow with a train of piglets and repair pigs, consisting of 3 machines, with a 2-phase method of keeping animals.

Figure 4 - four modules with a 2-phase method of content.

Figure 5 shows the sequence diagram of the operation of the module pig farm for 1 sow with a train of piglets and repair pigs with a 3-phase method of keeping animals.

The modular farm with a 3-phase method of keeping, shown in figure 1, consists of a machine 1 for adult and maintenance sows, a machine 2 for farrowing sows, a machine 3 for weaned pigs and a machine 4 for feeding pigs. Each machine is fenced from each other by solid partitions 5, has feeders 6 and gates 7. For servicing animals from the opposite side of the defecation zone 8, a feed passage 9 is provided, and across - a technological passage 10. In the machine 2, during the farrowing, the sow is fixed by transforming partitions 11 .

The device module with a 2-phase way of keeping animals is similar to the module in figure 1, but has 1 machine less.

An example of the maintenance of a sow with a train of piglets and repair pigs in a module with a 3-phase method.

In accordance with the proposed formula for the implementation of the 3-phase method of keeping pigs, the number of machines N _article = 3 + 1 = 4.

The implementation period of piglets T _p = 180 days. According to the well-known formula: τ = T _r / K, each stage is a litter-litter T _op , growing T _from piglets and feeding them T _open is 60 days. Piglets are weaned from the uterus on the 45th day of their suckling stage: T _m = 45 days, then they are kept without a uterus for another 15 days for adaptation. The period T _{in the} reproduction consisting of the steps rest T _dep and T gestation _soup should be equal to or a multiple of the duration. Since gestation stage T _soup is 115 days, then rest on the step T _Dep sows removed 5 days, provided the use of stimulants and methods for resuming reproductive desires. The amount of long-term stays T _dep and T gestation period of reproduction make _{soup T.} It will be equal to T _in = 120 days. The duration of the reproductive period T _in multiples of the stages of the litter-sucking T _op , growing T _from and fattening T _open piglets. In this case, the duration of the reproduction period T _is 2 times longer than the lengths of the stages of the farrowing T _op , growing T _from and fattening T _open . Under such conditions, production flow is performed.

From the cyclogram in figure 5 it is seen, the reproduction period begins with the stage of gestation. The duration of her T _soup = 115 days. At the beginning of the reproduction period _fin manufacturing step relaxation cycles T _T may be absent or present. In this case, at the beginning of the cyclogram, the resting stage T _{otd is} absent.

After gestation T _soup = 115 days, sow M from machine 1 is transferred through wickets 7 and passages 10 and 9 to machine 2. Here sow M is fixed by partitions 11 for the time of farrowing. After farrowing, sow M is kept with the piglets for the entire lactation period until the 45th day. Then the piglets are weaned from sow M. It is transferred to the machine 1 to rest and to repeat the reproduction cycle. Piglets remain in machine 2 alone for another 15 days, to smooth out post-weaning stress and get used to independence. After completion of the farrowing stage T _{op, the} piglets from the machine 2 are transferred through the gates 7 and the passage 9 to the machine 3 for growing for T _from = 60 days. Upon completion of this stage, the piglets are transferred to the machine 4 for fattening during T _open = 60 days. After the completion of the feeding stage, the pigs have reached the age of T _p = 180 days and are to be sold: for sale or for meat processing. This will happen on day 295 from the start of production. At the same time, a pig is selected from the sold pigs for growing a repair sow PM 1 from it, which can be used to replace the main sow M. For this, the pig is raised for 90 days until puberty at the age of 270 days. This is done in machine 1. According to the cyclogram, this will happen on 385 days from the start of production. A little earlier, 15 days before the implementation of the 1st farrowing piglets in machine 4, sow M from machine 1 will go back to farrow to machine 2, which will occur on day 280. Over the next 180 days, piglets of the second farrow will reach the age of sale. At the same time, pig is selected from these piglets for growing a repair sow RM 2. From this start, this will occur on 460 days from the start of production. At the same time, on day 325, sow M will go to machine 1 for rest and maintenance in it at the stage of gestation up to 445 days. After that, sow M will go to the farrowing machine 2 for the third time. After 180 days, on day 625, pigs of the 3rd farrowing will complete the stage of feeding and will be sent for sale. At the same time, a pig will be selected from them for growing a repair sow RM 3.

A little earlier, from 386 days, the gestation of the repair sow RM 1 will begin and lasts up to 500 days according to the cyclogram. On this day, the piglets of the second farrowing of sow M will free the machine 2 and go to the machine 3, and the repair sow PM 1 for farrowing will go to the machine 2.

From that moment on the module, an in-line pig production process was organized. Along with this, in the machine 1, the repair sow RM 2 is grown, and if it is included in the production process, then by the 675th day from the beginning, one more module will be needed according to the cyclogram, since one module is no longer enough, i.e. the pig farm needs to be expanded.

The above explanations are also valid for other modules of pig farms for a sow with a train of piglets and repair sows with animals with different numbers of phases in the production.

Claims (2)

1. The method of keeping pigs on a modular pig farm, including the stages of raising pigs, the duration of which is the same, the number of stages (sections) is determined by the formula K = T / τ, where T is the duration of the pigs, days; τ is the duration of the litter-sucking stage, days, characterized in that after weaning the piglets from the lactating uterus, it is transferred to a separate machine for keeping T _о and gestation T _soup at the resting stages, the sum of the durations of which is equal to the duration of the reproduction stage T _в : Т _в = T _o + T _soup , days. 2. The device is a modular pig farm, including machines for one sow with a train of pigs after farrowing, installed according to the technological procedure for the production of pigs, equipped with wickets, feeders and a defecation zone, characterized in that the number of machine tools for animals is determined by the dependence N _article = Ф + 1, where Ф is the number of phases of keeping pigs at the stages of rearing and fattening, and 1 - takes into account the number of machines for sows at the stages of reproduction.

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