RU2421984C1 - Flow-group combined method of cows keeping - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of livestock farming. The flow-group combined method of cows keeping includes keeping cows in permanent herds using the flow-group combined method, with closed turnover of animal groups in a herd, based on their physiological condition. When required, animals are fixed at their neck automatically during feeding. A switch is amputated in cows. Disinfection mats are installed in all personnel passages between herds of animals, at the entrance to each section of the preventorium for calves and at the exit of cows from milking plants. Enclosures are arranged for active exercise of animals. Adjustable boxes are used for cows, as well as delivery boxes for cows, milking sleeves by Terentiev-DST and automated milking plants on their basis, preventoriums for calves, method to prepare compost and to apply organic fertilisers, natural heat-exchange drying system by Terentiev for ventilation of livestock farms, feeding troughs by Terentiev with a lifting wall, doubled feeding troughs. These operations of cows keeping are used as a single technology. ^ EFFECT: provision of stress-free comfort keeping of cows, with growth of their productivity and health, and highest efficiency of personnel. ^ 6 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural livestock.

The well-known "Method of complex keeping of animals" [1], which provides for keeping dairy cows in a stall without a leash, and dry cows on a leash, feeding and milking, receiving newborn calves, raising calves, young animals and heifers, in two buildings, with a milking parlor built between them hall and auxiliary rooms.

The method provides for the maintenance of calves, and young animals, and heifers, and cows, with a closed turnover of the herd inside the farm. It is suitable for a small farm. The productivity of personnel is low, since the production groups of animals are small. It is also known that always because of increased stress during transfers to the milking parlor and vice versa, cows give less milk when they are in loose housing than on a nearby farm with fixed housing. At the same feeding level, 3-5% decline in milk production is the limit of the efficiency of transferring cows to loose housing.

Known flow-shop system for keeping cows [2, p.14-16, 3, p.51]. With the flow-shop system, cows are moved from workshop to workshop, from one yard to another, usually depending on their physiological condition. However, practice has shown the main disadvantages of such a system - a decrease in milk yield due to stress and the rank struggle of cows in their loose housing, after transfers from one workshop to another, and an outbreak of infectious diseases, mainly metrites.

Also known is the “Method of keeping production groups of cows” [4], using the example of keeping 400 cows in a building as a typical project No. 801-315, with the aim of eliminating the stress state of animals, sustainable well-being for infectious and invasive diseases and increasing milk productivity, which provides for the separation of such a building to four separate rooms for the combined keeping of 100-120 animals in each - tethered in the premises and untethered on livestock and feeding grounds and in summer camps. The formation of groups of animals is made from heifers, homogeneous in origin, adaptation to the same conditions of feeding and feeding, according to natural resistance and resistance to non-communicable and infectious diseases and with a difference at the beginning of lactation of not more than 1 year. The formed group is kept constant, from heifers to cows at all stages of their operation, and animals are culled without additional groups of animals for three lactations, with a combination of small technological groups starting from the fourth lactation.

However, the transfer of cows to tethered keeping in such premises in practice increased the complexity of milk production, and with a constant shortage of livestock personnel, a number of farms reverted to loose housing, with a milking parlor and computer records, deliberately neglecting milk yield.

It is also known that with loose box-keeping cows, without expensive slit floors in the aisles and without regular cleaning of the box floors from manure, the animals are not clean enough and they regularly clean the back of their body and tail.

The aim of the invention is to provide stress-free comfortable keeping cows, with an increase in their productivity and health, and the highest productivity of personnel, mainly on existing farms.

In the proposed flow-group method, animals are kept constantly in one yard, one or two herds, and only in the herd are transferred from one technological group to another depending on the physiological state, i.e. form in the herd a group of dry cows 1 with a maternity site (see Figs. 1-5), a group of milking and insemination 2, a group of pregnant cows 3 and a preparation group for launch 4. With this method, the rank struggle of cows and stress are minimal, the epizootics of infectious diseases are localized within one yard or herd, and with the appropriate microclimate and periodic sanitation of places of keeping animals, such infections are absent.

Practice shows that for heifers and cows of the first and second calving boxes 5 are sufficient with a width of 1000 mm, and only for dry cows the width of boxes 6 can be 1200 mm. Cows grow up to the third calving, and a large well-fed animal with a box width of 1000 mm may not be enough. The design of “Boxes adjustable for cows”, patented in [11], allows you to quickly change the width of the boxes, from 12 to 11 or 10 boxes on a span of 12 m, and in length. Usually up to 20% of heifers are rejected, so that the degree of occupancy of the yard with an increase in the age of the herd can not be changed.

The combined method is called because the main loose-line method of keeping cows is combined, if necessary, with a tethered. The group of animals behind the neck is fixed during feeding by the well-known traps 7 feeding grids 8 or 9, if necessary, for example, insemination of cows, rectal examination, blood collection, labeling of animals. After manipulating the animals, the traps 7 are moved to the “unlocked” position and the cows can move away from the feeder.

The cows are fed with the main, mainly silage-concentrate feed mixture, abundantly. Concrete feed was introduced minimally into the feed mixture, based on the feeding of dry cows [5, p.203 and 213]. The remaining share of final feeds is given out fractionally, automatically and individually to each cow, based on its physiological state, at feed stations 10 of milking plants 11 and at separate feed stations 12. For storage and distribution of concentrated feed at feed stations, silos 13 and sets of flexible spiral conveyors 14 are installed.

For feeding cows with the main feed mixture, mainly mobile feeders are used, because in practice, with the mobile method of distributing herbal feeds, milk yield of cows is greater than with the distribution of feeds by stationary conveyors. Aft passage 15 at the end of the courtyard outside is closed by carriage gates 16 and air curtains 17, and from the inside by conventional swing gates 18.

The number of “Maternity boxes for cows” 19, patented in [12], is determined under the condition of uniform calving and the average stay of cows in maternity boxes for 8-12 days [5, pp. 225-226, 8, p. 337, 9, p. 24].

For voluntary, stress-free milking of cows, well-known automated milking robots are used. One automated milking machine-robot 11 serves 60-70 cows [6]. The use of the Terentyev - DST milking cups patented in [13] on such robots will speed up the milking process, increase the completeness of emptying the udder of animals and reduce the amount of vacuum, which will further increase milk yield and reduce cases of mastitis. Robot milking machines are usually equipped with their own feed stations 10, but highly productive cows do not have time to eat the set feed rate during milking, therefore additional feed stations 12 are established for such cows. Recommendations on the number of feed stations are described, for example, in [7].

For each herd, a four-section “Calf Prevention” 20 is arranged, patented in [14], six half boxes 21 in each section 22, based on the recommendations in [9, p.24]. The excrement of calves is removed by directional flushing, described in [14], in slurry collectors 23.

Manure is harvested by the well-known scraper 24 and screw 25 conveyors into compost rooms 26, patented in [15]. Ready-made compost is applied to the fields according to the “Method for the application of organic fertilizers”, patented in [16].

Cow water is obtained from group drinkers 27.

Ventilation of the yards is carried out using the “Natural heat-exchange drying system of Terentyev ventilation of livestock farms”, patented in [17], and containing inlet sections consisting of air-liquid 28 and air-to-air 29 heat exchangers, exhaust sections consisting of air-liquid heat exchanger 30 and an exhaust shaft 31 with a valve 32 and a deflector 33, and a pipe loop 34 between the air-liquid heat exchangers.

In all possible passages of personnel between herds, at the entrances to each section of the dispensary, and at the exit of cows from milking installations, disinfection mats 35 are performed.

Close to the yard are pens for active livestock 36, with places for drovers 37, hoof processing machines 38 and loading racks for cows 39.

According to the proposed method, for example, the yards of 27 × 114 m per 400 cows and the yards of 18 × 78 m or 21 × 78 m (per 200 tethered cows) built on a mass scale in the USSR, are reconstructed according to the proposed method.

Yard 27 × 114 m (based on model project No. 801-315), figures 1 and 2.

The capacity of the yard is 452 cattle places, and the size of one herd, placed on one side of the aft driveway 15, is up to 226 heifers and cows of the first and second calving. Each herd is divided into three groups - a group of dry cows 1 with a maternity section, a preparation group for launch 4, and the milking and insemination groups 2 and 3 pregnant cows are combined.

The number of maternity boxes 19 is determined by six pieces per herd. With an increase in the expected growths, the number of maternity boxes 19 is increased to eight, due to the readjustment of four boxes 6 of the dry group.

The minimum number of boxes 6 in the dry section is taken 26, plus 10 boxes from the preparation for launch section, subject to the rearrangement of the gate with a horizontal axis of rotation - section separators 40.

The number of boxes 5 in the group of milking and insemination is constructively determined - 107, and in the group of pregnant and preparation for the launch of cows, the minimum is 77, plus 10 from the dry group, provided the gate is rearranged 40, which does not contradict the turnover of the herd with relatively uniform growth during the year .

In the group of milking, insemination and pregnant cows (2 + 3), where there will be an average of about three milking per cow per day, two milking units 11 are installed, and in the group preparing for the launch of cows 4, with two or one milking per cow per day install one milking unit.

The number of additional feed stations 12 takes four in the group of milking, insemination and pregnant cows (2 + 3), and two in the preparation group for launch 4.

The total capacity of the yard for adult cows, with box widths of 1200 mm, 398 skm, or 88% of the number of cattle places for heifers.

Given the division of cows in the yard into two isolated herds, two four-section calves are set up for 20 calves.

Next to the dispensaries 20, at the aft driveway 15, pantries 41 are arranged for storing medicines, dry special feeds for calves and hay bales. Over the dispensaries on the second floor, warehouses 42 for storing metal structures are arranged, for example, the partition walls 5, which are excessive when the adult cows are kept, the walls of the feeders and poles for additional maternity boxes 19.

For feeding cows with the main feed mixture, “Terentyev’s Feeders with a Lifting Wall” 43, patented in [18], is used. The feeders on the approach side of the cows are equipped with known feed grids 8 with automatic traps 7, the view of which is shown in FIG.

Transportation, cooling and storage of milk is carried out in dairy 43, on the second floor where rooms with computers 44 are arranged. Next to dairy there is a maintenance point 45 and sanitary facilities 46.

Yard 21 × 78 m with supports in increments of 7.5 × 6 × 7.5 m, and yard 18 × 78 m with supports in increments of 6 × 6 × 6 m, FIGS. 3 and 4.

Reconstructing such yards for milking by automated milking robots is the least expensive, without the installation of slit floors, it is possible with the use of “Double Feeders” 47, patented in [19], one feeder for four rows of boxes 5. Twin feeders can have a minimum width of 800 mm inside [10, p. 42]. The feed front of one feeding place for cows is 750 mm [10, p. 35], and the volume of the feeder is sufficient to distribute feed mixtures even once a day.

On the one hand, racks 48 are concreted into the bottom of the feeder, on which the wall 49 and the feed grate 8 with traps 7 are fixed, and on the other hand, the wall of the feeder 50 and the feed grate 9 with traps 7 are hinged and raised to clean the bottom of the feeder 47 or distribute the feed. The distance between the aft grill 9 and the support 51 is determined to be 2450 mm, which is sufficient for the passage of feed dispensers of the KTU-10 type, with dimensions on the sides of 2300 mm. The width of the feed passage on the other side of the feeder is determined at 2350 m, which is sufficient for the normal movement of cows [10, p. 45].

The yard capacity is up to 198 heifers and cows of the first and second calving. In the yard, one herd of four groups of cows is formed - a group of dry cows 1 with a maternity site, a group of milking and insemination 2, a group of pregnant cows 3 and preparation for launch 4.

With uniform growing, four maternity boxes are sufficient 19. With an increase in the expected growths, the number of maternity boxes is increased to 8 due to the readjustment of boxes 6 of the dry group.

In the dead section 1, the number of boxes 6 is taken with a width of 1200 mm, with a maximum of 38, with four maternity stalls, and a minimum of 23, with eight maternity stalls, and when the gate is rearranged 40.

In the group of milking and insemination 2, 46 boxes 5 are arranged with a width of 1000 mm, one milking unit and two additional feed stations.

The average length of stay of cows in this group will be 84 days.

This fits into the norm of the service period - 65-85 days (the period from calving to fruitful insemination), but does not fit into the terms of rectal examination (maximum 150 days from calving). The norm of the duration of the bark - 100 days - this also does not fit. Therefore, a rectal examination for positive insemination and the end of advanced feeding for a crib will probably be carried out in the section of pregnant cows 3.

In the group of pregnant cows 3, 54 boxes 5 are arranged with a width of 1000 mm, one milking unit 11 and two additional feed stations 12.

The average duration of cows in the group of pregnant 98 days.

In the group of preparing cows for launch 4, they arrange, mirroring the group of pregnant cows, 54 boxes 5, one milking unit 11 and two additional feeding stations 12. By reducing the number of boxes 6 in the group of dry cows 1, by changing the gate 40, the number of boxes can be increased in group 4, preparation of cows for launch up to 63. This will have a positive effect on the variability of the timing of the launch of cows.

The total capacity of the yard, with a width of all boxes of 1200 mm, is up to 176 adult cows, or 89% of the number of heifers.

A four-section calf dispensary is arranged in the courtyard 20. Next to the dispensary, on the other side of the aft driveway 15, pantries 41 are arranged for storing medicines, dry food and additives for calves, hay bales and warehouses 42 for storing metal structures, for example, unnecessary for keeping adult cows of partition walls of boxes 5, walls of feeders and poles for additional maternity boxes 19.

Transportation, cooling and storage of milk is carried out in the existing milk block 52.

Stream-group combined method of keeping cows is as follows.

A yard with a width of 21 or 18 m, or half a yard with a width of 27 m, is filled with heifers and heifers, with the calculation of uniform spreading of animals throughout the year. Heifers are kept in maternity boxes 19 until at least the entire colostrum period is restored to the udder. The main hay-concentrate feed mixture in the feeders of 53 maternity boxes 19 the operator transfers from the feeders 43 or 47 manually, which allows you to adjust the degree of feeding of individual cows, to eliminate swelling of the udder. Newborn calves are kept in the same boxes on a length-adjustable leash, shown in [12], with the aim of dosing feeding by suction and preventing injuries. Next, the calves are transferred to dispensary 20, and the cows to the group of milking and insemination 2, and after milking and rectal testing for pregnancy, to the group of pregnant cows 3, then to the preparation group for launch 4, then to the group of dry cows 1.

Regularly, mainly at night, they go around all sections, check with sleeping cows and adjust the position of the individual cervical restraints of the 54 boxes so that the back of the animals and tails do not especially hang down behind the floor of the boxes, but also that the animals do not release manure on the floor of the box. With the clarified rank relations in the herd, animals occupy mainly their box for recreation. For the purpose of a more hygienic state of the back of the body, the tail brush is amputated in animals, preferably in young heifers, simultaneously with the well-known manipulation of “dehydration”.

The herds contain, in order to reduce stress and according to the recommendations [4], in a constant composition, and at least four lactations, supporting the health of animals with balanced benign feeding, and with an especially daily active exercise in 36 oval-shaped pens outside the yard. The drovers from their place with a 37-whip force the animals to run literally, which strengthens their muscular system and heart, eliminates barrenness, increases appetite and hence milk yield. Today, the average life of cows is not more than four lactations, mainly due to infertility and metabolic disorders, due to lack of exercise and unbalanced feeding.

By the third lactation, at the end of animal growth, it is possible that the width of the boxes 5 is increased. Given the inevitable culling of animals, especially heifers, the occupancy rate of the yard is not particularly reduced.

After the completion of a fruitful life, the entire herd is predominantly discarded. The width of the boxes 5 is reduced to 1000 mm, and again fill the yard with heifers and heifers. Therefore, it is necessary for the farm to have at least four yards with a width of 21 (18) m or two yards with a width of 21 m adapted for a stream-group method of keeping cows (where each herd contains two herds).

A small part of highly productive and healthy animals is transferred for further maintenance to a special breeding farm, reconstructed for a similar way of keeping.

The cows are fed with the main feed mixture from the feeders 43 or 47 abundantly. Cows eat up during the day for no more than 8 hours [5, p. 220], therefore, subject to abundant feeding of rank wrestling and animal stresses in feeders does not occur.

Cows are milked in automated milking robots 11 voluntarily, depending on the intensity of the udder with milk, on average three times during milking and pregnancy, and 2-1 times during the launch period.

The duration of the dry period of cows is 40-60 days [5, p.202]. For this method, the minimum duration of the dry period is 40 days, so that the udder of each cow, before being transferred to this group, is guaranteed to decrease in volume, “shriveled”.

In feeders with a lifting wall 43 and dual feeders 47, they clean their bottom daily from uneaten food residues easily by hand, and if there are several such yards it is mechanized, for example, with a bulldozer with slanting cheeks. In Fig.2, the wall of the right feeder 43 is raised to clean the bottom. Known automatic traps 7 (Fig. 5) fix the cows during feeding by the neck for periods, for example, insemination, rectal examination, labeling, and blood collection. Here the swaying pipes 55, in the initial position, are inclined, the animals, when eating feed, put their breasts in a vertical position and automatically lock in such a position when the pipe 56 is turned with its stops 57 up. Cows are fixed by the neck. After carrying out the necessary measures, the pipe 56 is turned by the helm 58 by 180 degrees, and all the cows of the group are “untied”. View B of FIG. 2 and view D of FIG. 4 are distinguished from view G of FIG. 4 by fixed feed grids 8, and traps 7 are the same.

The opening and closing of the known gate of the carriage type 16, which are installed outside the aft driveway 15, is automated using known photorelay, responsive to the light of the tractor headlights, and a time relay. This significantly reduces the complexity of the process. When tearing off the gate 16, well-known air curtains 17 are automatically switched on, which cut off the flow of cold external air with jets of warm internal farm air. The swing gates 18 installed inside the driveway are closed only when the drive gate 16 is malfunctioning, and in great frost.

In the four-section dispensary 20, in the absence of an epizootic of calf diseases, each calf can be kept on a leash for almost a month and a half, almost until the congenital sucking reflex is extinguished, which will reduce calf diseases with subsequent group maintenance [10, p.227].

In composting room 26, uneaten food residues, straw or peat are mixed into the manure, bringing the compost to a solid state, and mineral fertilizers, balanced by nutrients for a particular crop in a specific field, and transported along general roads to distant fields, with fertilizers in the least expensive way, with disinfection of compost from weeds.

The remains of the delivery stalls are taken to container 59, in which they are regularly transported to the burial site.

Using the “Natural heat-exchange drying system of Terentyev ventilation of livestock farms”, they provide a high positive heat balance in livestock buildings in winter without the consumption of electricity, which makes it possible to heat utility rooms and produce proper air exchange on farms due to cow heat generation. At the same time, the characteristic farm smell will be very weak, the clothes of workers and visitors will not be saturated with them, which is a problem on ordinary farms. Keeping animals in comfortable conditions leads to an increase in their productivity by 10–40%.

35 disinfection mats are checked and updated daily with sawdust mixed with saline to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. General sanitation of livestock buildings is carried out on a quarterly basis, and maternity rooms and dispensary sections are operated on a “pure-empty-busy” basis, i.e. after sanitation, the boxes and sections are kept empty for at least 24 hours.

The invention allows to achieve the productivity of farm personnel and animal productivity at the global level.

In the courtyards 27 m wide, built on the like. No. 801-315, two operators per shift work, the load on one operator is up to 226 cows. Each operator controls the milking of the cows of his herd, transfers them to the next group in physiology, works at the maternity site and in the calf dispensary from his herd. One operator (female) additionally inseminates the cows of both herds and provides the animals with simple veterinary care. The second operator (man) works additionally as a locksmith and an electrician. In yards with a width of 21 and 18 m, with a capacity of up to 198 cows, one operator per shift works. A woman works in one shift, she is a seeding machine and a paramedic, a man works in another shift, he is also a locksmith and an electrician. Rare, but possible failures in the work of milking robots signal the operator on a mobile phone. The productivity of operators of such farms is three times higher than on existing farms.

From keeping the animals in comfortable conditions, milk production increases by 10-40%, and then depends on the genetic potential of the cows, the quality and balance of the feed.

For new construction in medium-sized farms, the most suitable are yards with a width of 21 m, with an axis pitch of 6 × 9 × 6 m (Fig.6). Here, the average filling span is similar to the reconstruction of the yard, etc. 801-315 (see FIG. 2), with the formation of aft passage 15 and feeders with a lifting wall 43, equipped on the approach side of the cows with feed grids 8 with automatic traps 7, the view of which is shown in FIG. 5.

The technological layout of the yard is similar to the layout of the yard with a capacity of up to 198 cows (figure 3), with the exception of the average span.

Two rows of boxes 5 fall on one feeder 43. The feeding front and the distance between traps 7 for cows are 750 mm (10, p. 35), and the width of boxes 5 can be from 1000 to 1200 mm, therefore, taking into account passages and feed stations in the row of boxes, the number of traps 7 will be slightly less than the number of boxes 5. If the number of cows is equal to the number of traps, this will make it possible, especially during morning feeding, when all the cows are hungry, to carry out continuous manipulations with animals fixed around the neck, for example insemination and rectal examination.

The length of the yard and its capacity is determined based on the performance of automatic milking robots. For example, based on the productivity of one robot 60-70 cows, take the size of the group of milking and insemination 2 (see figure 3) in 60 cows, given the greater number of voluntary approaches of animals for milking, and the size of the groups of pregnant cows 3 and preparation for launch 4 - 70 cows each. Taking the number of traps of 7 groups 2 and 3 to 130 (60 + 70), determine the yard length of 108 m, and the yard capacity of 250 heifers with uneven calving, with eight maternity boxes 19, and 258 heifers with uniform calving, with four maternity boxes .

Fill the yard initially, and with a complete replacement of the herd after 4 years according to the recommendations [4], it is possible with the number of heifers and heifers equal to the number of boxes tuned to a width of 1000 mm. With a yard length of 108 m, its capacity will be up to 348 heifers and heifers. 90 heifers must be discarded, or transferred to other farms, during the first three months of lactation.

Coating plates are mounted starting from the axis of the walls so that a gap forms in the center of the coating (prince). A lantern 59 is mounted in the gap along the entire length of the building, which dramatically improves the illumination of the courtyard.

250-258 cows are served by one operator per shift, the total farm staff is 4 people, they also inseminate cows and maintain technological equipment. Animals are kept in the most comfortable stress-free conditions, and their productivity in milk yield and calf yield depends on the genetic potential of the cows, the quality and balance of the feed.

For regions remote from emergency service assistance, the failure of robot electronics can lead to a catastrophe in milking cows. Under such conditions, a stream-group combined method of keeping, with milking cows at automated milking installations, for example, UDA 1 × 8 Fir-tree 60 (Fig. 7), which are also installed in the yard, and not in the milking parlor, is most appropriate. Cows themselves are queuing for milking. An adjuster, unlike milking in the hall, is not necessary. Such installations can also work in case of failure of automation elements, in manual mode. It is possible to use breeding gates 61, with a pen for sludge requiring insemination or another procedure for cows 62.

Comfortable stress-free conditions for keeping animals are also provided, but the operators are more overloaded and it will be difficult for them to inseminate cows (women) and repair equipment (men).

Information sources

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4. The method of maintaining production groups of cows. RU 2054252 C1, cl. 6 A01K 67/02, publ. 02/20/1996

5. G. A. Bogdanov. Feeding farm animals. M., Agropromizdat, 1990.

6. Trends in the development of agricultural machinery abroad. Federal State Budgetary Institution Rosinfor-Magrotech, 2003, pp. 99-104.

7. Alfa Laval Agri. Alpro system. Flyer. 2000 year

8. L.G. Boyarsky. Feed technology and complete feeding of farm animals. Rostov-on-Don, Phoenix, 2001.

9. B.C. Shipilov, V.G. Zarosa, V.P. Karev. Maternity ward and dispensary on a dairy farm. J. Livestock, 1986, No. 8.

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11. Boxes for cows adjustable. Patent on PM RU 76546, cl. A01K 1/00, publ. September 27, 2008. Author Terentyev N.A.

12. Boxing maternity for cows. Patent for IZ RU 2373699, cl. A01K 1/00, publ. 10/27/2009 Author Terentyev N.A.

13. The milking glass of Terentyev - DST. Patent for IZ RU 2354113 C2, cl. A01J 5/08, publ. 05/10/2009. Author Terentyev N.A.

14. Prevention for calves. Patent for IZ RU 2373700, cl. A01K 1/00, publ. 10.27.2009 Author Terentyev NA.

15. The method of preparation of compost. Patent for IZ RU 2382754, cl. A01K 1/01, B01F 3/00, C05F 3/00, publ. 02/27/2010 Author Terentyev N.A.

16. The method of applying organic fertilizers. Patent for IZ RU 2365083, cl. A01C 21/00, publ. August 27, 2009. Author Terentyev N.A.

17. Natural heat-exchange drying system of Terentyev ventilation of livestock farms. Patent for IZ RU 2347148, cl. F24F 7/00, E04H 5/08, F24F 12/00, publ. 02/20/2009 Author Terentyev N.A.

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19. The trough is dual. Patent for PM RU 88248, cl. A01K 1/00, publ. November 10, 2009. Author Terentyev N.A.

Claims (6)

1. The combined method of keeping cows, which includes loose and, if necessary, short-term tethered keeping with the fixation of animals by the neck, together with the use of previously patented:
boxes for adjustable cows,
maternity boxes for cows,
Terentyev - DST milking cups and automated milking machines based on them,
calf dispensaries
methods of composting and applying organic fertilizers,
Terentyev’s natural heat-exchange drying system for ventilation of livestock farms,
Terentyev’s feeders with a lifting wall,
dual feeders
characterized in that the cows are kept in constant herds in line-group technology. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tail brush is amputated in cows. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in all passages of the staff between the herds of animals, disinfection mats are arranged at the entrance to each section of the calf dispensary and at the exit of the cows. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the farm building is equipped with corrals for active exercise of cows. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening of the gate for the passage of the feeder and their closing is automated. 6. The method according to claims 1-5, characterized in that it is used as a single technology.

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