RU2242108C2 - Method for stimulating seed sprouting in legumes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, plant growing.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with preparing solid seeds of legumes for sowing. It includes mechanical treatment of seeds at applying zeolite-containing clays. Treated seeds at the quantity of hectare norm should be additionally mixed with 600-800 f local bacterial fertilizers. The latter are obtained due to digging the roots together with soil of the best plants out of old-aged legumes sowings out of 0-20 cm rhizospheric area. Roots should be reduced together with soil to be then wetted with alcoholic distillery grains at the quantity of 300-500 g. The present innovation increases nitrogen fixation and intensity of grass growth.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of stimulation.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the preparation of solid legume seeds for sowing.

A known method of stimulating the germination of hard seeds, which carry out scarification with the addition of abrasive materials, enhancing the process of violation of the upper hard shell (Shamsutdinov NZ Mechanical, chemical and biological methods of stimulating the germination of hard seeds. J. Agricultural biology. No. 3, 1996, p .20).

However, the treated seeds are damaged in this way, as a result of which their viability is reduced. In addition, the absence of bacterial fertilizers reduces the nitrogen-fixing ability of legumes.

A known method of stimulating the germination of seeds of legumes in which immediately before sowing prepare bacterial fertilizers from the roots of native species (patent No. 2168294, M. class. A 01 B 79/02, 2001).

However, the un moistened composition of bacterial fertilizers does not sufficiently contribute to plant growth and their nitrogen-fixing ability.

The closest technical solution is a method of stimulating the germination of seeds of legumes, including the scarification of seed material with the addition of zeolite-containing clays (patent No. 2151479, M. class. A 01 C 1/00, 2000).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that it does not use rizotorfin - a bacterial fertilizer, which reduces the formation and activity of nodule bacteria. Additional processing of bacterial fertilizer factory production - rhizotorfin - increases the cost of implementing the method. In addition, bacterial fertilizers - rhizotorfin - for the most part do not work enough, since they are limited by the shelf life. All this reduces the nitrogen fixation of legumes and the growth rate.

The purpose of the invention is to increase nitrogen fixation and growth rate.

This goal is achieved in that the seeds of legumes, in contrast to the known prototype method, are additionally treated with local bacterial fertilizers in the amount of 600 ... 800 g / ha, which are selected in 0 ... 20 cm layer of the rhizospheric zone of the best plants of leguminous plants of old age and when mixed with soil, moisten with distillery stillage in the range of 300 ... 500 g / ha.

The method is as follows.

The seeds of legumes treated with a scarifier with the addition of zeolite-containing clays are mixed with bacterial local fertilizers.

Bacterial fertilizers are prepared from the best selected plants of old-age crops. Usually, nodule bacteria concentrate on the roots in the arable layer of 0 ... 20 cm. When digging up plants (about 5 ... 7 pcs. Per 1 ha), without shaking them off the ground (since there may be nodule bacteria in the root zone), the roots are crushed and, together with the soil residues, the seeds processed on a scarifier are mixed and moistened with alcohol stillage in an amount of 300 ... 500 g / ha.

When processing seeds with ordinary factory-made rhizotorfin, moisten the mass to activate the action of nodules. However, even when moistened, the masses of nodules begin to function 15 ... 20 days after emergence.

Especially late appear nodules in sainfoin, and at the beginning of their development, for all leguminous herbs, a small amount of nitrogen is necessary, which stimulates the growth of stubborn seedlings.

The distillery distillery, a waste of the distillery, contains a significant amount of nitrate compounds (up to 200 mg / L - nitrate nitrogen and 16 ... 18 mg / L - nitrite nitrogen), which stimulate growth. Protein (25 ... 28%), BEV (40 ... 41%), fat (5 ... 7%), fiber (13 ... 18%), ash (7 ... 8) contained in the bard %) and a complex of trace elements (zinc, cobalt, manganese, vanadium, iron, etc.) are a nutrient substrate for nodule bacteria.

Thus, barda stimulates seed germination and nourishes nitrogen-fixing nodules in the rhizosphere.

The justification of the stillage parameters is explained by the need to moisten the entire mass of the hectare norm of seeds and local bacterial fertilizers. With an increase in the stillage, the mass will be waterlogged and thereby the sowing of the seeder becomes more complicated. With a decrease in moisture content, the activity of nodules decreases.

Example 1. Alfalfa seeds were processed on a scarifier, and zeolite-containing clays were placed in a loaded hopper. In the early spring (when the time comes for sowing legumes), when preparing the seeds for sowing, they dug up the roots of old growing alfalfa plants at a depth of 0 ... 20 cm and, without shaking off the soil, the crushed roots in an amount of 600 g were mixed with the hectare norm of the treated seeds (10 ... 12 kg). The entire mass was moistened with alcohol bard in an amount of 300 g, after which sowing was performed.

The results are summarized in table.

Example 2. Sainfoin seeds after scarification with zeolite-containing clays were mixed with 800 g of local bacterial fertilizers taken from old-age sainfoin crops and dug to the depth of the arable layer (0 ... 20 cm), that is, at the site of accumulation of nodule bacteria. They were mixed with the hectare norm of sainfoin (50 kg / ha) and moistened with 500 g of alcohol stillage.

Claims (1)

A method of stimulating the germination of seeds of leguminous herbs, including pre-sowing mechanical treatment of seeds with the addition of zeolite-containing clays, characterized in that the treated seeds in the amount of hectare norm are additionally mixed with 600 ... 800 g of local bacterial fertilizers obtained by digging the roots with soil from 0 .. .20 cm of the rhizospheric zone of the best plants of old-age leguminous crops and their grinding together with the soil, after which they are moistened with alcohol bard in an amount of 300 ... 500 g.