RU2737395C1 - Method for growing cucumbers under cover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Disclosed is a method for increasing productivity and quality of cucumber, according to which pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cucumbers is carried out by way of their soaking in a solution obtained from background mineral substances, diluted in 100 l of water, with addition of alcohol distillers and zeolite, in amount of 5 g of each per 100 l of water. Soaking of cucumbers seeds is carried out within 24 hours, at the same time one additionally performs foliar dressing with the same solution during vegetation of plants in phase of 6–7 leaflets.

EFFECT: method allows to increase germination capacity of seeds, to accelerate growth of plants in height, to increase area of leaves, to accelerate approach of flowering and productivity of a cucumber in conditions of a winter greenhouse.

1 cl, 5 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of vegetable crops, and can be used to increase the productivity and quality of crops.

There is a known method in which for growing tomatoes on pure zeolite (with a ratio of silicon and aluminum Si / Al = 3.6) in a low-volume substrate, in which the ratio of the sum of sodium and calcium is less than the sum of calcium and magnesium, and the ground zeolite tuff with fractions not less than 2-4 mm is placed in polymeric container-containers and bags, the weight of which with the substrate is 30 kg (patent No. 2156566, published on 10.28.1997, IPC A01G 9/00, A01G 31/00).

In the known method, the technical solution is rather complicated, since prepare a substrate from zeolite with grinding to a certain size and place it in containers and bags.

There is also known a method in which on the basis of alcohol stillage and zeolite-containing clay Alanit prepare fertilizer (patent No. 2684213, published 04.04.2019, bull. No. 10 IPC A01G 9/00, A01G 31/00).

The disadvantage of the technical solution lies in the fact that the fertilizer contains several types of trace elements and biological products that complicate the very process of obtaining a fertilizer.

The closest technical solution is a method where a mixture of alcohol stillage and zeolite-containing clay is used (patent No. 2671474, published on 31.10.2018, bull. No. 31. IPC C05F 3/00).

The disadvantage of this method is the complex use of industrial waste, organic substances, mineral fertilizers, which complicates the method of application in greenhouse conditions and its effectiveness.

The technical result is to simplify the method in increasing the productivity of the cultivated crop in the greenhouse.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that in an aqueous solution of the prepared background of mineral substances, additionally 0.1% concentration of alcohol stillage and zeolite is introduced, soaking cucumber seeds at exposure for 24 hours and in the phase of 6-7 leaves carry out foliar feeding with the same composition.

The method is carried out as follows.

The background of minerals, traditionally used in greenhouses, consists of elements necessary for the growth and development of plants (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, etc.), diluted in 100 liters of water. Alcohol stillage containing a significant amount of nitrate compounds (up to 200 mg / l of nitrate nitrogen, up to 18 mg / l of nitrite nitrogen) is additionally added to this composition, which stimulate growth, protein content up to 28%, BEV up to 41%, fat up to 7% , fiber up to 18%, ash up to 8%, a complex of microelements (zinc, cobalt, manganese, vanadium, iron, etc.), which stimulates seed germination and feeds nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere, zeolite containing macro- and microelements, the main of which are silicon, iron, aluminum.

Within 24 hours, cucumber seeds are saturated with the necessary elements for their full growth and development. After soaking, the seeds were transplanted onto mineralized cubes saturated with the background solution. After emergence of seedlings (3-4 days), they were transplanted into mineral wool mats, and after 18-20 days, the plants were arranged. During the growing season (phase of 6-7 leaves), the plants were fed with the same solution (background + alcohol stillage + zeolite).

Substantiation of the selected parameters of the method has been proven experimentally.

Example. For pre-sowing seed treatment, a background solution of mineral substances was prepared, traditionally containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, etc. The background was injected with 5 g of zeolite and alcohol stillage per 100 L of water to prepare a 0.1% solution. The seeds were soaked in the resulting solution for 24 hours. After that, the sowing was carried out in mineral wool cubes measuring 10 * 10 * 10 in the first decade of September. The cubes were saturated with a nutrient solution (EC-1.7 mS / cm, pH-5.7) and covered with plastic wrap until shoots emerged. Plants were placed in a permanent place 18-20 days after germination by the time when the plants had 3-4 true leaves. Planting density - 2.5 plants / m ^2. Mineral wool mats were fed with the solution two days before placing the cubes, which is considered the background for feeding plants in greenhouses (EC 2.8 mS / cm, pH 5.7). On the 2-3rd day after disembarkation, drainage holes were made in the mats. After placing the cubes on the mats, the plants were not watered for two days in order for the root system to penetrate into the mat. The results are summarized in Tables 1-4.

Foliar top dressing with fertilizers contributed to an increase in plant growth in height by 0.7-1.1 cm in comparison with the control (Table 2). The best result was obtained by the combined use of vinasse and zeolite.

Presowing soaking of seeds and foliar dressing with fertilizer solutions had a positive effect on the dynamics of the area of cucumber leaves (Table 3). On the 7th, 25th and 37th day after the emergence of seedlings, the plants had a larger leaf area on the fertilized variants than on the control: on average, for 2 revolutions, their advantage was 0.7-1.8 cm ² / plant on the 37th day. with a predominance of a mixture of vinasse and zeolite.

Presowing seeds soaking and foliar feeding of plants with fertilizer solutions in the 13-leaf phase accelerated the onset of the flowering phase. From the data in Table 4, it can be seen that, on average, for 2 revolutions, flowering on fertilized variants began 1.5-2.5 days earlier than on control. At the same time, vinasse had some advantage over zeolite, however, a more significant acceleration (by 2.5 days) was observed when the vinasse was combined with zeolite.

Presowing soaking of seeds and foliar feeding of plants with fertilizer solutions had a positive effect on the yield of cucumber. On average, for 2 revolutions, the total yield of cucumber on fertilized variants was 0.7-2.1 kg / m more than on the control (Table 5).

Consequently, the use of aqueous solutions of alcoholic grain stillage and zeolite when growing cucumbers in a winter greenhouse for pre-sowing seeds and foliar feeding increases their germination, enhances plant growth in height, increases leaf area, accelerates the onset of flowering and increases the yield of standard fruits.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity and quality of cucumber, characterized by the fact that pre-sowing treatment of cucumber seeds is carried out by soaking them in a solution obtained from background minerals diluted in 100 liters of water, with the addition of alcohol stillage and zeolite, in an amount of 5 g each per 100 liters water, soaking of cucumber seeds is carried out within 24 hours, while additionally foliar feeding is carried out with the same solution during the growing season of plants in the phase of 6-7 leaves.