RU2461177C2 - Method of growing cereal crops of annual forage crops for seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to crop production. The method includes in-row location of cereal and legume grasses, fertilising and plowing of legumes as green manure. At that annual clover is sown in the summer, mixing the seeds with molybdenum-containing industrial wastes in a ratio 1:1. Cereals are sown in spring, plowing legume component as the green manure between the rows, leaving cereals for seed.

EFFECT: method enables to reduce the cost of fertiliser due to industrial wastes recycling, to increase seed yield and soil fertility.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and can find application in the cultivation of fodder crops for seeds.

There is a method in which fodder crops are placed in a wide row, alternating their sowing in spring and autumn with top dressing of herbage with bio and macro fertilizers (No. 2373688, published November 27, 2009).

However, the known method is not effective enough, since the introduction of a biological product and other fertilizers increases costs.

There is also known a method in which the seed material is mixed with zeolite-containing clays and, in the phase of development of the cultivated culture, row-spacing is cultivated by smelling the lighthouse pea culture on green manure (patent No. 2294077, published 02.27.2007).

However, in the known method, zeolite-containing clays sown as ballast are not effective enough, because their chemical composition does not contain enough trace elements necessary for legumes (peas, clover, soy, etc.), as nitrogen-fixing plants.

In addition, excavating, delivering, and transporting clay to a place of grass cultivation increases costs.

The closest technical solution is a method where legumes and cereal fodder crops are sown alternately, mixing seeds before sowing with fertilizers, and after harvesting the bean component, the remaining biomass is smelled as green manure (patent No. 2377763, published January 10, 2010).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that fertilizers increase the cost of implementing a technical solution.

The technical result is a reduction in costs due to the disposal of industrial waste.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that an annual open-clover clover is used as a bean component, which is sown widely in the summer, mixing seeds with molybdenum-containing industrial waste in a ratio of 1: 1, and cereals are sown in spring, smelling the bean component between rows between siderat, leaving cereal plants to ripen seeds.

The method is as follows.

Molybdenum-containing wastes of the Pobedit plant in Vladikavkaz are molybdenum-produced wastes and contain (%) - molybdenum 3-4; copper - 30-35; iron - 12-13; sulfur - 15-16.

A 1: 1 ratio is justified by the elements contained in the waste. In such a quantity, microelements provide intensive growth of clover bean culture, activating the development of nodule nitrogen-fixing bacteria located on the roots of plants, enriching the soil with biological nitrogen, necessary for the growth and maturation of plants of annual cereal crops Moghara and Paiza. Iron compounds in the composition of the fertilizer (waste) improves metabolism. The copper and sulfur contained in the waste affect the absorption of iron in the nutrient solution. Especially this element affects the productivity of the root system. Iron takes an active part in the respiration of plants and is a catalyst in the metabolism.

Sulfur is a part of amino acids and in a mixture with introduced elements is involved in the ionic equilibrium of plant cells.

Molybdenum in plant cells has a positive effect not only on the stimulation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, but also on the biosynthesis of nucleic acids.

The created biological nitrogen of the bean culture is the necessary nutrition of the seed grass stand of cereal grasses (mogar and paiza).

Example 1. Clover open-seeded was sown on August 10, mixing the hectare seed rate of 12 kg / ha with molybdenum-containing industrial waste from the Pobedit plant in North Ossetia-Alania (Vladikavkaz). They were sown with 60 cm row-spacing. In spring, when the clover grew and it reached the branching phase (1st decade of May), the cereal annual component mogar was sown in the row-spacing with a sowing rate of 10 kg / ha. 15-20 days after the emergence of cereal grass seedlings, the cultivator to a depth of 10-12 cm covered the clover in the soil, leaving the moghar grass for seeds.

Example 2. Sown clover, as in the first example. In the spring, in the first decade of May, the Paizu cereal forage crop was sown. In the tillering onset phase (3rd decade of May), the paizas were embedded in the soil with a clover cultivator, which reached the budding phase to a depth of 10-12 cm, leaving the cereal component on the seeds.

The results of the experiments are summarized in the table:

Experiment Options The content is biological. nitrogen in the soil, kg / ha Crop of seeds of the cereal component, kg / ha The mass of 1000 cereal seeds, g Paiza Panic Paiza Panic Clover sowing (without top dressing) 85 360 420 2,4 1,6 Convenience (propotype) 126 410 480 2,8 2.2 Convenience without clover plowing 138 520 560 3.2 2,8 Proposed 162 600 680 3.8 3.6

Consequently, molybdenum-containing wastes, having a complex content of trace elements at no additional cost, can increase the yield of grain crops and increase soil fertility.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating cereal annual fodder crops for seeds, including a row arrangement of cereal and bean grasses, fertilizing and storing legumes as green manure, characterized in that the open-clover annual sowing is sown in summer, mixing the seeds with molybdenum-containing industrial waste in a ratio of 1: 1 and cereals are sown in spring, smelling the bean component in the rows between rows for siderat, leaving cereal plants for seeds.