RU2176359C2 - Water-heating system device for complete combustion of pulverized wood wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermal engineering; hot water supply for wood-working plants, forestry, and agriculture. SUBSTANCE: device designed for complete combustion of pulverized wood wastes of up to 50% moisture content has metal water shell with water outlet and inlet pipes provided with heat insulation and metal casing; combustion chamber with hatch for solid fuel charging and ignition separated from combustion chamber by means of fire grate; ash pit with port for air admission and slag removal; heat exchanger running in upward direction from ash pit and provided with access holes for cleaning; metal smoke pipe installed under water jacket and connected to heat exchanger; expansion tank with cock and contact thermometer; supporting skids running from water-jacket bottom. Novelty is that device has metal bin with hatch located inside water jacket, its upper contraction communicating with combustion chamber; weighing device for charging pulverized solid fuel communicating with bin hatch; two fire grates, area of one grate being 50% smaller than that of other grate; heat-transfer pipe with lid installed inside bin; junction box mounted above water jacket and connected to upper end of heat exchanger with outgoing smoke pipes connected to bin hatch; tar collector connected to smoke exhauster with smoke pipe. EFFECT: enlarged mass of fuel charged and continuous combustion time. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of power engineering, production of hot water by complete combustion of solid fuels, including waste of finely chopped wood, in the device of a water-heating installation, the use of which is promising at wood-processing enterprises, in forestry and agriculture.

 It is known [Pavlov II, Fedorov M.N. Boiler plants and heating networks. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1977, p. 34, 113, 114, Fig. IU - 24, p. 115, 170, 171, 142, 143] a device of a water-heating plant for burning fine wood waste, containing a metal water jacket with pipes for supplying and discharging water, surrounded by thermal insulation and a metal cover, inside which there is a combustion chamber with a hatch for loading and igniting solid fuel , an ash pan with a hatch for removing slag, extending down and separated from it by a grate;

 The disadvantages of the known device are the incomplete combustion of fine wood waste, accompanied by the release of environmentally harmful substances into the atmosphere (soot, resin fumes), and the limited, short time (2-3 hours) of the continuous combustion process, which requires periodic loading of fuel into the combustion chamber.

 The technical result of the invention is to achieve the completeness of combustion of fine wood waste (sawdust, shavings, wood chips) with a moisture content of up to 50%, increase the mass of fuel loaded into the device and the duration of the continuous combustion process, more efficient use of the heat generated during combustion to heat water in the device of a hot water installation and trapping the resulting environmentally harmful substances.

 To achieve the specified technical result, the device comprises a metal water shell with pipes for supplying and discharging water, surrounded by thermal insulation and a metal cover, inside of which there is a metal combustion chamber with a hatch for loading and igniting solid fuel, a metal ash pan extending downward and separated from it by a grate with a hatch for supplying atmospheric air and removing slag, a metal heat exchanger extending upward from the ash pan with hatches for cleaning residual solid product ; a metal chimney located above the water shell and attached to the heat exchanger; an expansion tank with a faucet and a contact thermometer located above the water shell and attached to the pipe to drain water; supporting sleds extending from the bottom of the brow.

 To achieve the specified technical result, the device further comprises a metal hopper in the form of a rectangular shape with a hatch located inside the water shell and connected by a restriction from above to the combustion chamber; a metering device for loading solid finely divided fuel connected to the hopper hatch; two grates, the area of one of which is equal to half the other, and a heat exchanger flue pipe with a lid installed inside the hopper; a junction box located above the water shell and attached to the upper end of the heat exchanger, with flue pipes extending from it, connected to the hopper hatch and a tar pan, to which a smoke exhauster with a flue pipe is connected.

 The drawing schematically shows the device of a water heating system for the complete combustion of waste fine wood.

 The device of a water heating installation for the complete combustion of waste fine wood contains a water boiler with support sled 1 from a metal pipe extending from the bottom of the cover 11; a dispenser 22 for loading solid finely divided fuel connected to the hatch 19 of the hopper 28; an expansion tank 17 with a tap 16 and a contact thermometer 20 located above the water shell 13 and connected to the pipe for draining water 15; smolosbornik 36 and smoke exhaust 37, connected in series to the chimney 35.

 The hot water boiler includes a metal water jacket 13 with pipes for supplying and discharging water 32, 15, surrounded by thermal insulation (glass wool) 12 and a metal cover 11 made of galvanized sheet steel, inside of which there is a metal combustion chamber 6 with a hatch 5 for loading and igniting solid fuel ( firewood) extending downward and separated from it by a grate 30 metal ash pan 4 with a hatch 3 for supplying atmospheric air and removing slag, a metal hopper 28 with a hatch 19, connected by a restriction 9 from above to the combustion chamber 6, the N-shaped metal heat exchanger 31 with hatches 29 extending upward from the ash pan 4 for cleaning solid product residues. For structural strength, four supports 8 from a metal corner are welded on the sides to the combustion chamber 6 and the bunker 28. On top of the cover 11 is closed by a sealing metal cover 18.

 Inside the hopper 28 in the area of the narrowing 9 are installed horizontally two cast-iron grate grates 7, 10 and a vertically heat-exchanging chimney 14 with a lid and a handle.

 The device operates as follows.

 Pipes for supplying and discharging water 32, 15 are connected to a water heating system, for example, a drying chamber, etc. The crane 16 of the expansion tank 17, which serves to relieve excess water pressure, is in the open position. Industrial water is supplied to the pipe 32, rises to the top of the water shell 13 and through the pipe 15 enters the water heating system. Passing through it, the water again enters the water shell 13 from below through the pipe 32 and is thus repeated in a cycle.

 Through the dispenser 22 with the open gate 21, the hatch 19, the hopper 28 is loaded to the entire volume up to the grate 10 or in the absence of it to the grate 7 with waste fine wood. The lid of the heat exchanger flue pipe opens 14. The hatches 3,5 of the ash pan 4 and the combustion chamber 6 open. Through the hatch 5, the dried firewood is loaded and ignited into the combustion chamber 6. If wet solid fuel is loaded into hopper 28, pre-drying is performed. The gate 23, 34 opens, and the gate 21 closes. The heat generated during the combustion of firewood in the combustion chamber 6 enters the hopper 28 for drying the fuel. The smoke and water vapor generated during combustion escape through the pipe 14, the hatch 19, the connection box 25 and the pipe 33 to the atmosphere. At the end of the drying process, a smoke exhauster 37 is turned on in the electric network. Then the gates 21, 27 are opened, and the gates 34, hatches 3, 5, 23 are closed.

 Atmospheric air is forced into the device by means of a smoke exhauster 37 through the hatch 19, the pipe 14 with the cover open to the combustion chamber 6.

 The combustion process of solid finely divided fuel begins above the grate 10 or, if it is absent, above the grate 7 and is directed from top to bottom in the area of the combustion chamber 6. Burning particles carried out through the grate 7 or 10 burn out on the grate 30, and the length of the flame and sparks are extinguished by the bottom of the ash pan . The heated gaseous products of combustion are discharged through an N-shaped heat exchanger 31, which transfers heat to the water shell 13. Then, the cooled gaseous products enter the junction box 25, the flue pipe 35, the collector 36 and are discharged into the atmosphere through the pipe 38. By-product collection 36 catches by-products of combustion - tar, water, soot, possible nitrogen oxides, etc.

On a Beckman contact thermometer 20, a set temperature for heating water in the shell 13 is set, for example, in the range of 80-100 ^° C. When the set temperature is reached, the contact thermometer sensor 20 is activated and the smoke exhauster 37 reduces the air supply rate to the device or is disconnected from the mains.

 After the end of the continuous operation of the device, the ash pan 4, the combustion chamber 6, the hopper 28, the pipes 14, 26, 33, 35, 38, the box 25, the smoke collector 36, the smoke exhauster 37 are periodically cleaned.

Claims (1)

 The device of a water heating installation for the complete burning of fine wood waste containing a metal water jacket with pipes for supplying and discharging water, surrounded by thermal insulation and a metal cover, inside of which there is a metal combustion chamber with a hatch for loading and igniting solid fuel, going down and separated from it by the grate metal ash pan with a hatch for supplying atmospheric air and removing slag, a metal heat exchanger extending upward from the ash pan with hatches for cleaning ki from residues of solid product; a metal flue pipe located above the water jacket and attached to the heat exchanger, an expansion tank with a tap and a contact thermometer located above the water jacket and attached to the pipe to drain water, support sleds extending from the bottom of the cover, characterized in that it is equipped with a metal hopper with a hatch located inside the water shell and attached by a restriction from above to the combustion chamber; a dispenser for loading solid finely divided fuel connected to the hatch of the hopper, two grate grates, the area of one of which is equal to half the other and a heat exchange pipe with a lid installed inside the hopper; a junction box located above the water shell and attached to the upper end of the heat exchanger, with smoke exhaust pipes extending from it, attached to the hopper hatch and a tar collector, to which a smoke exhaust with a smoke exhaust pipe is connected.