RU2236640C2 - Method of and device for heating boiler and thermal power stations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method of heating boiler and thermal power stations includes charging of initial fuel into furnace with combustion chamber, combustion of initial fuel and generation of heat, heating of water boiler unit with provision of hot water for heating or high-pressure steam getting into public heating system registers or on blades of turboelectric generator. Furnace with combustion chamber heats gas generator, combustion domestic wastes or industrial wastes are delivered into gas generator where they are subjected to decomposition by heat, and decomposition products in form of combustible gases and their liquid condensates are returned into furnace with combustion chamber to reduced consumption on initial fuel. Device for heating boiler and thermal power stations hast furnace with initial fuel combustion chamber communicating with water boiler unit to be heated connected through system of pipelines with public heating system registers or turboelectric generators of thermal power station. Furnace with combustion chamber is connected through heated walls with low-temperature carbonization chamber of gas generator for decomposition of domestic wastes or industrial wastes by heat. Gas generator is connected with fuel nozzles of furnace with combustion chamber through outlet branch pipes for condensates. Invention makes it possible to increase efficiency of boiler and thermal power station at reduction of consumption of initial of expensive energy carrier owing to utilization of domestic and industrial wastes without pollution of atmosphere.

EFFECT: increased efficiency, no pollution of ambient air.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for heating boiler rooms and thermal power plants using recyclable household and industrial waste as fuel.

A known method of thermal processing of household and industrial waste, which consists in preheating the gas generator with hot air heaters, dosed loading of burning waste into the gas generator, pyrolysis of waste with burning carbon residues, removal of ash residues and slag into the discharge chamber, removal of combustible and flue gases from the gas generator, catalysis and afterburning of carbon monoxide at temperatures above 3000 ° C, condensation of combustible gases to obtain liquid combustible products, which are sent to the fuel metering unit Stem internal combustion engine, the exhaust gases and the electric power from the generator is used as the heat in the pyrolysis of waste (1).

The disadvantage of this method of processing waste is to achieve a closed recycling cycle and minimal heat loss, eliminate atmospheric pollution by harmful emissions, its adaptability only to conditions of close proximity to landfills and warehouses of industrial waste. The use of an engine for conditions with generated thermal energy (boiler rooms, thermal power plants) by this method becomes impractical.

Closest to the proposed method is the heating of boiler rooms and thermal power plants, which consists in loading the original solid, liquid or gaseous fuel, respectively, into the furnace or combustion chamber, burning the original fuel and generating heat, heating the water registers or boilers to produce warm heating water or high pressure water vapor entering the blades of a turboelectric generator (2).

A disadvantage of the known heating method is its low efficiency, associated with the desire to use cheaper and, as a rule, low-calorific source fuel (peat, fuel oil, coal, gas) with the removal of heat after heating water registers and boilers to a given temperature and pressure, as a rule to the atmosphere through chimneys or cooling towers. To increase the efficiency of thermal power plants, heating and utilities, winter greenhouses, etc. are additionally produced with the generation of electricity. With this method, atmospheric air is polluted with flue gases and the costs of removing ash residues and slag are necessary, so you have to switch to heating boiler and thermal power plants with a more expensive and essentially completely combustible gas.

A pyrolysis device is known that contains a gas generator with a heat-insulating casing and chambers for dosed loading of household waste and industrial waste and unloading ash residues and slags, a silk chamber with coaxially mounted external and internal augers with direct and reverse feed drives, annular cavities of the silk chamber communicating with the loading and unloading chambers as well as with a gas outlet and an exhaust pipe for supplying engine exhaust gases, while the engine is equipped with an electric generator and a metering device for supplying combustible gases from the gas generator ora, gas outlet communicates with a catalyst for separating carbon monoxide and with a camera calcination residues flue and exhaust gases (1).

A disadvantage of the known device is its cost-effective use only in areas of landfills and industrial waste depots, the launch and closed cycle of the gas generator directly depends on the internal combustion engine. The use of combustible gases and liquid fuels after their condensation is advantageous only in the presence of an internal combustion engine, the exhaust gases of which are used as a heat source during the pyrolysis of waste and the start of a gas generator.

Closest to the proposed one is a device for heating boiler rooms and thermal power plants, containing a furnace or a combustion chamber for the source of solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, communicating with a heated high-pressure water boiler connected via a pipeline system to communal heating registers or to turboelectric generators of thermal power plants (2).

A disadvantage of the known device is the use of expensive source fuel at a significant cost to protect the surrounding atmosphere from pollution, while constantly improving the device in order to increase its efficiency.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of boiler houses and power plants while reducing the consumption of the original expensive energy carrier, the disposal of combustible household waste and industrial waste without polluting the atmosphere with harmful emissions.

The technical result in terms of the method is achieved by the fact that the method of heating boiler houses and thermal power plants includes loading the source fuel into a furnace with a combustion chamber, burning the source fuel and generating heat, heating the water boiler unit to produce hot water for heating or high-pressure water vapor entering the utility registers heating or on the blades of a turboelectric generator, and a furnace with a combustion chamber heats the gas generator, combustible household waste or industrial waste is fed into the gas generator odes and produce their pyrolysis, pyrolysis products in the form of combustible gases and their liquid condensate are sent back to the furnace with a combustion chamber while reducing the consumption of initial fuel.

The proposed heating method can be efficiently and easily implemented in existing boiler houses and thermal power plants by slightly reconstructing them and equipping them with ready-made pyrolysis gas generators, which, using the heat from the furnaces and combustion chambers, utilize household waste and industrial waste to produce additional fuel that is sent back to the furnaces and a combustion chamber while reducing the consumption of the original expensive fuel. Combustible gases and their liquid products after condensation are not released into the atmosphere, flue gases can be neutralized by catalysts, and their residues are calcined at temperatures above 3000 ° C. Thus, the heating efficiency of boiler houses and thermal power plants is increased, garbage and waste are disposed of while eliminating the pollution of the atmosphere and the environment.

The technical result in terms of the device is achieved by the fact that the device for heating boiler and thermal power plants contains a furnace with a combustion chamber of the initial fuel, communicating with a heated water boiler unit connected through a piping system with communal heating registers or turboelectric generators of a thermal power station, and the furnace with a combustion chamber through heated walls It is connected with the channel chamber of the gas generator for the pyrolysis of combustible household waste or industrial waste, and the gas generator es diverting nozzles to their condensation products associated with the fuel injectors of the furnace with the combustion chamber.

The proposed device can be easily manufactured by minor reconstruction of existing boiler houses or combustion chambers during alternate shutdown of blocks of a thermal power plant. Fire chambers or combustion chambers operate at a reduced consumption of expensive source fuel due to the use of household waste and industrial waste of combustible gases and their combustible condensate obtained during pyrolysis. Thus, the emission of combustible gases into the atmosphere in the proposed device is eliminated, and air pollution from flue and carbon monoxide is eliminated by known industrial methods.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a device for heating a boiler unit of a thermal power plant with natural circulation.

A device for heating boiler rooms and thermal power plants contains a furnace 1 with a combustion chamber 2 for the initial liquid or gaseous fuel (fuel oil, gas) supplied through fuel burners 3 with nozzles 4, in communication with a heated water boiler unit connected through steam heaters 5 and piping system 6 with registers communal heating or turboelectric generators of a thermal power plant (not shown in the drawing). The furnace 1 through the heated walls 7 is connected to the channel 8 of the gas generator 9, equipped with a mixing device in the form of coaxially rotating screws 10 and 11 from the electric drives 12, for the pyrolysis of combustible household waste and industrial waste (tire cover), portioned through the loading window 13. The gas generator 9 is connected through a gas outlet pipe 14 to a condenser 15 and a carbon monoxide catalyst 16, and through a discharge chamber 17 with a shutter 18 to a slag mine 19 of the boiler. The combustible gas condenser 15 is connected by a pipe 20 to the nozzles 4 of the burners 3 of the boiler unit. Smooth control of the temperature and the required steam pressure in the steam heaters 5 is carried out by the air supplied by the blower fan 21 to the air heater 22, and the water heated in the water economizer 23 and passing through the water drum 24 into the pipelines 6. Volatile combustion waste from the furnace 1 after ash pan 25 of the smoke exhaust 26 fed to the catalyst 16 and further, after final purification, into the atmosphere.

A device for heating boiler rooms and thermal power plants works as follows.

In the chimney chamber 8 of the gas generator 9, installed in the furnace 1, household garbage or industrial waste (crushed tires) is fed through the loading window 13, the garbage and waste are pyrolyzed by mixing them, for example, by rotating screws 10 and 11 in different directions. As a result of pyrolysis in the upper part of the gas generator 9 collect combustible gases and through the gas outlet pipes 14 are sent to the condenser 15 to obtain a liquid combustible condensate, which is collected and fed through the pipe 20 to the nozzles 4 of the burners 3 of the furnace 1 while reducing the flow rate running fuel.

Flue gases from the gas generator 9 and from the furnace 1 after passing ash pan 25 are collected and the exhaust fan 26 is sent to the catalyst 16 and through a further cleaning system. Slags through the discharge chamber 17 from the boiler unit are periodically released into the common slag mine 19.

The proposed method was successfully tested in a stationary boiler room of a rural children's sanatorium and gave coal savings in the utilization of 300 automobile tires in the amount of 50,000 rubles per month. During the pyrolysis of tires, a liquid combustible product with a flash point of 122 ° C and a total humidity of less than 4% was obtained, which was used in the furnace of a boiler room for heating a water heat generator based on solid fuel of the KChM-3M type with a capacity of 72.5 kW. The heat generator furnaces were equipped with gas generators in the form of a vertical hermetically sealed pipe with a loading window and a lower discharge window. There is considerable interest of industrialists, municipal services and private households in the implementation of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method of heating boiler rooms and thermal power plants, including loading the source fuel into a furnace with a combustion chamber, burning the source fuel and generating heat, heating the water boiler unit to produce hot water for heating or high-pressure water vapor entering the communal heating registers or the blades of a turboelectric generator, characterized in that the furnace with a combustion chamber heats the gas generator, combustible household waste or industrial waste is fed into the gas generator and pyrolyzed, oliza in the form of combustible gases and liquid condensate is directed back into the furnace with the combustion chamber while reducing the flow rate of the propellant. 2. A device for heating boiler rooms and thermal power plants according to claim 1, comprising a furnace with a source fuel combustion chamber communicating with a heated water boiler unit connected through a piping system to communal heating registers or turboelectric generators of a thermal power plant, characterized in that the furnace with a combustion chamber through heated the walls are connected with the channel chamber of the gas generator for the pyrolysis of combustible household waste or industrial waste, and the gas generator through the branch pipes for their products condensation is associated with the fuel nozzles of the furnace with a combustion chamber.