JP2018136112A - Method of manufacturing device for supplying nano micro-particle water (particle diameter 1 to 100 nm) as high functional air for combustion, improving combustion efficiency and generating such high functional air for combustion - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device capable of improving combustion efficiency by supplying high functional air for combustion containing nano micro-particle water to a combustion device.SOLUTION: In a space of a spray chamber and air pressurization and mixture chamber 3-a comprising a fan 5 for sucking air in atmospheric air, nano micro-particle water is sprayed into air (standard air of which the specific gravity is 1.2, the temperature is 0 to 45°C, the powder dust concentration is 0.5 mg/m3 or less and the humidity is 0 to 99%) that is sucked into the spray chamber and air pressurization and mixture chamber 3-a, thereby generating further microfabricated nano micro-particle water in spaces of the spray chamber and air pressurization and mixture chamber 3-a and air pressurization and mixture chambers 3-b and 3-c. The nano micro-particle water iteratively meanders through partition walls 18 and 19 for air circulation pipe control and a middle partition wall 20 for air circulation together with air, such that the nano micro-particle water is passed through these three spaces and supplied from a high functional air outlet 17 for combustion through a high functional air pipe 21 to a combustion device as high functional air for combustion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

In the present invention, fuel base oils for combustion apparatuses (thermal power plants, automobiles, ship engines, generators, general-purpose boilers, heating / cooling water heaters), etc. include heavy oil, kerosene, light oil, and waste oil. By producing and containing nano fine particle water (particle diameter: 1 to 100 nm) in the combustion air supplied to the combustion apparatus, sophisticated high-performance air for combustion is generated. It is supplied to the combustion device as combustion air. In the combustion chamber of the combustion apparatus, water molecules (H 2 O) can no longer exist due to thermal energy and decompose into oxygen and hydrogen. The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen (decomposition / bonding) occurs at the astronomical numerical level. Large heat energy is generated during the activation movement. It relates to a system that increases hydrogen combustion efficiency and combustion efficiency.

Combustion air used for combustion equipment is generally used for cooling, heating, dehumidification, and humidification treatment of air in the atmosphere, including combustion equipment for large to small boilers such as boilers. Without being supplied directly to the combustion device. The outside air in the place is introduced without being processed. The actual situation is that the temperature and humidity are not controlled throughout the year, and a simple filter is attached to the combustion device as it is as combustion air.

Generally, the engine power output is expressed by the difference between the energy used for air acceleration of the engine and the air kinetic energy after being injected. It is proportional to the product of the square of air weight (density kg / m ³ ) and air velocity (m / s). Therefore, it is said that how to increase the air weight is a major issue of technological reform in order to increase the driving output energy.

The value of air density at each temperature is shown below for general air density (kg / m ³ ). (At 1 atm)
Dry bulb temperature −50 ° C. Air density 1.534 kg / m ³
Dry bulb temperature 0 ° C Air density 1.293kg / m ³
Dry bulb temperature + 20 ° C. Air density 1.205 kg / m ³
Dry bulb temperature + 40 ° C Air density 1.127kg / m ³
As described above, the air density at 1 atm indicates a high air density value when the temperature is low.

Last year, a big international environmental conference was held. The 21st Conference of the Parties to the Climate Change (COP21) and the 11th International Conference of the Kyoto Protocol were held. As a result, Japan's carbon dioxide reduction target was formulated. Japan has decided to reduce by 26% (compared to FY2013) by 2030. However, of the carbon dioxide emissions, the proportion of combustion equipment is very high. Everyone knows that the regulation of the total amount of base oil used in combustion equipment is an urgent issue. However, the combustion device of the device is equivalent to little improvement since the war. Although there are improvements in technology for improving the thermal efficiency of partial equipment, no drastic reformer for improving combustion efficiency has yet been born.

General combustion is a chemical reaction in which a substance emits light and heat and combines with oxygen, and a wide variety of combustion machinery and waste incineration are combustion itself. To understand combustion, you need to know the basics. Therefore, regarding the properties of the internal combustion engine fuel, A heavy oil has a carbon content of 86.2%, a hydrogen content of 13.5%, a sulfur content of 0.5% or less, an oxygen content of 0, a specific gravity of 0.86 or less, a water content of 0.2% or less, Nitrogen content 0.02% or less, calorific value 10200 kcal / kg. Light oil has 85.5% carbon, 14.0% hydrogen, 0.001% or less sulfur, 0 oxygen, 0.86 or less moisture, 0% nitrogen, 0.05% nitrogen, and a calorific value of 10200 kcal / kg. Kerosene has a carbon content of 85.5%, a hydrogen content of 14.5%, a sulfur content of 0.5% or less, an oxygen content of 0, a specific gravity of 0.79, a moisture content of 0.001%, a nitrogen content of 0.001%, and a calorific value of 10300 kcal / kg or more.

Combustion is an oxidation chemical change in which a substance and oxygen combine. Oxidation (combustion) is violent oxidation while giving off heat or light. The combustion of carbon becomes carbon C + oxygen O 2 → carbon dioxide CO 2, and it burns by emitting heat and light, and the reaction becomes a gas substance. Combustion of hydrogen becomes hydrogen 2H2 + oxygen O2 → water 2H2O, which generates heat and light and burns explosively. After the reaction, hydrogen becomes water, oxygen is generated in the state of water vapor, and when cooled, it becomes water droplets. The combustion of sulfur becomes sulfur S + oxygen O 2 → SO 2 sulfur dioxide, and it burns with heat and light blue light.

The amount of combustion air is obtained from the basic reaction of combustion. The main elements constituting the combustible material are all three of carbon C, hydrogen H, and sulfur S. From the quantitative relationship of the combustion reaction of these elements, the amount of air required for combustion and the amount of combustion product gas can be obtained. Next, the oxygen amount of the three elements, that is, the theoretical air amount is obtained.
From carbon (12 kg) + O 2 (22.4 nm 3) → CO 2 (22.4 Nm 3), 12 kg of carbon reacts (combusts) with 22.4 Nm 3 of oxygen to produce 22.4 Nm 3 of carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide). Therefore, the oxygen required for combustion of 1 kg of carbon is 22.4 Nm3 / 12 kg → 1.867 Nm3 / kg.
From H2 (2 kg) +1/2 O2 (11.2 Nm3) → H2O (22.4 Nm3 steam or water 18 kg), 2 kg of hydrogen is 11.2 Nm3 of oxygen and a combustion reaction of 22.4 Nm3 of water. Or 18 kg of water. Therefore, the oxygen required for combustion of 1 kg of hydrogen is 11.2 Nm 3 ÷ 2 kg → 5.6 Nm 3.
Sulfur is S (32 kg) + O 2 (22.4 Nm 3) → SO 2 (22.4 Nm 3), 32 kg of sulfur reacts (combusts) with 22.4 Nm 3 of oxygen to produce 22.4 Nm 3 of sulfur dioxide.
Therefore, the oxygen required for combustion of 1 kg of sulfur is 22.4 Nm 3 ÷ 32 kg → 0.7 Nm 3.

The theoretical air amount is the theoretical (determined from the chemical composition) oxygen amount necessary for combustion of 1 kg of combustible component. If the amounts (unit: kg) of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur contained in the waste 1 (not the amount of air) are C, H, O, and S, the theoretical oxygen amount is given by the following equation. O0 → 1.87C + 5.6 (H−O / 8) + 0.7S

The theoretical amount of air does not burn only with oxygen when actually incinerating waste, but supplies the necessary amount of oxygen in the form of air. This air volume is called the theoretical air volume and is written as A0. Since the volume ratio of air and oxygen is 100: 21, A0: O0 → 100: 21 and ∴A0 → (100/21) × O0, so A0 → (100/21) × {1.87C + 5.6 (H−O / 8) + 0.7S} ∴A0 → 8.89C + 26.7 (H−O / 8) + 3.3S Nm3 / kg.

Regarding the air ratio, the amount of air used for actual combustion is represented by A (Nm3 / kg).
A value obtained by dividing A by the theoretical air amount A0 is referred to as an air ratio and is represented by m. m → A / A0.
The air ratio can be approximately obtained from the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas (O2%). The equation is m → 21 / (21−O2).

The actual theoretical air volume is calculated from the following equation. What is the theoretical amount of air required to burn 1 kg of garbage? What is the amount of combustion air when the air ratio is 2.6?
The properties are 21.2% carbon, 2.94% hydrogen, 16.47% oxygen, and 0.032% sulfur. From the composition, the weight of each element contained in 1 kg of garbage is C → 0.212 kg, H → 0.029 kg, O → 0.1647 kg, S → 0.00032 kg. This is substituted into the formula shown in item 9.
A0 → 8.89 × 0.212 + 26.7 × (0.0294−0.1647 / 8) + 3.3 × 0.00032 → 2.12 Nm3 / kg. The actual amount of air used can be obtained from the following equation. A → m × A0 → 2.6 × 2.12 → 5.53 Nm3 / kg.
In the above items, general air (intake of atmospheric air as combustion air as it is) is burned as combustion air.

Regarding the combustion of base oil, the flame in the flame is a chemical reaction between the fuel and oxygen in the air. The hydrogen in the base oil and the water in the air is 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, but this reaction is established as a whole and is called “overall reaction”. In fact, this reaction is not happening. The theory of combustion phenomena of base oil components and air components during actual combustion has not been established, and each scientist is in fact a hundred controversy. But in the case of hydrogen, it's easy, so I'll give you an example. Others are not completely understood. At high temperatures, H2 and O2 molecules can no longer exist, bonds are released and H, H, O, and O atoms start to move on their own, and energy is applied to decompose them. It is important that not all are, but that some are chemically active species. They have the property of trying to return to molecules, their movement does not require energy. For example, in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen, O2 + H → OH + O reacts to form one active species (OH, O). This reaction is called “elementary reaction” as opposed to “summary reaction”. Two active species are born from one active species, which is called “chain branching reaction”, and the active species increases in the mouse formula. This does not require energy. When such active tumors recombine with each other, there is a large fever and the flame becomes hot. H releases about 120 kilocalories of heat per gram. The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen consists of about 20 elementary reactions.

Emulsion fuel (gasoline, heavy oil, kerosene, light oil, waste oil) is a fuel that is emulsified by adding water, surfactant and emulsifier, stirring and mixing. The particles in the liquid instantly micro-explode and refine and disperse the oil particles, increasing the contact surface with oxygen and complete combustion. This has the effect of suppressing the generation of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, and reducing the environmental burden caused by the gas discharged from the internal combustion engine. The appearance of these emulsified fuels is an emulsified and cloudy liquid. Water particles are not separated immediately because the oil film layer contains a surfactant. If the emulsion fuel is a mixture of A heavy oil and water, it will be an emulsion fuel containing the components of A heavy oil. If it is light oil, the nature of light oil, if it is kerosene, the nature of kerosene, and so on. It depends on the fuel used.

This section introduces various technologies for combustion air.
A high-humidity gas turbine engine, which is AHAT (Advanced Humid Air Turbine) proposed in 1981, has been studied to increase the efficiency of the turbine by adding moisture to combustion air. However, since the particle size of the fine water in this moisture spray is greatly averaged to an average particle size of 14 μm, the water particles are combined immediately after spraying and the inside of the apparatus is condensed. The fact is that I can't say that. The target of AHAT generator efficiency is said to be 55% at 100 MW output. Here, there was an improvement effect of about 5%.

In order to increase the output of engines that are generally applied, the value of propulsive force is determined by dividing combustion consumption, but in order to increase it further, the compression efficiency of the compressor is increased and the density (air weight) is increased. Increase Also set the combustion temperature high.
The above two points are currently used methods.

Progress is currently being made toward the realization of a coal-fired power plant that does not emit CO2 using oxyfuel combustion. Air combustion literally uses air to burn fuel. Since air is composed of about 79% nitrogen and about 21% oxygen on a volume basis, CO2 is only about 18% because the exhaust gas from air combustion also contains about 79% nitrogen. On the other hand, oxygen combustion uses pure oxygen instead of air for fuel combustion. Since nitrogen is not included in the first place, the main component of the exhaust gas becomes CO2, and the amount of exhaust gas is reduced to about 1/5. From this feature, CO2 can be easily recovered by oxyfuel combustion. The merit of oxygen combustion is shown below.
1. Since the CO2 concentration in the combustion exhaust gas is high, post-treatment such as exhaust gas purification and CO2 liquefaction is unnecessary or simplified.
2. When NOx in the gas is reduced in the furnace when the combustion exhaust gas is recirculated, the amount of NOX generated is reduced.
3. There is a possibility that the boiler can be made compact by reducing the amount of recirculated gas and increasing the artificial oxygen concentration.
4). In addition to new installations, it is possible to remodel existing boilers by applying oxyfuel combustion.
5. Commercial use of N2 and Ar separated by oxygen production facilities can also be planned.
This project is called Callide Oxyfuel Project. It is underway in Australia.

The current technology for improving the efficiency of combustion machines in Japan and the world is that the general air combustion system is nearly 100%. In order to further improve the efficiency of the combustor, there is a limit to the improvement of the combustor as well as the reform of the fuel.
The present invention patent can utilize hydrogen energy because nano fine particle water (0-100 nm close to water molecules) is mixed with combustion air. The present invention is an apparatus that enables these things.
Scientifically, it has become clear that the hydrogen H2 contained in the fuel described in the prior art 0007 is explosively burned in the combustion chamber, raising the temperature of the combustion chamber to increase the combustion efficiency. ing. We think that further technological innovation will be necessary in order to increase the combustion efficiency.

A high-humidity gas turbine engine, AHAT, has undergone industry-university joint demonstration experiments in Japan. It was reported that the combustion efficiency of this equipment was improved by around 5%. According to the photograph around the combustion air chamber, which is described in the report that the diameter of the water fine particle is about 14 μm, it was found that most parts in the apparatus were condensed.
It seems that the original purpose was technology that did not cause condensation. For example, it is considered that the water particle diameter is not condensed by the nano-level diameter technique, and the combustion efficiency is remarkably improved. The report on improvement of the examination subject in this demonstration experiment is not disclosed.

I think that the purpose of making the combustion air high humidity in the previous paragraph was to improve the combustion efficiency by separating the hydrogen from the water molecules by making the water particles finer, and performing hydrogen combustion.

According to a book issued by the Society of Combustion Engineering, the combustion air condition of the generator engine is described as being best when the temperature is 15 ° C. and the relative humidity is 95%. The air specific gravity under this condition is 1 / 0.83.

Other existing combustion air technologies include oxygen enrichment technology and pure oxygen technology, but they are far from widespread.

None

Terutoshi Uchida Toward the realization of thermal power generation using oxygen combustion that does not emit CO2. Katsutoshi Konishi Introduction to Combustion Theory Saitama Institute of Technology Satoshi Niioka Burning Theory Professor, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University Water Burning Technology Kurata Ohami

In the present invention, the combustion air of the conventional combustion apparatus only performs dust treatment of the outside air in the atmosphere. The fuel base oil supplied as fuel to the combustion apparatus is almost 100% carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur in terms of its composition. In order to increase the combustion efficiency of the base oil, it is highly necessary to improve the combustion air quality. Air quality improvement is a major factor. However, technological improvements and reforms to improve the functionality of combustion air have hardly been addressed to date. In the present invention, a mechanism for generating nano fine particle water in nature is constructed as an engineering system. Thereby, nano fine particle water having a particle size close to water molecules having a particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm is used as high-function combustion air, and as a device utilizing hydrogen energy, it is provided to increase combustion efficiency.

The present invention exists as a providence for producing nano-fine water particles in the natural atmosphere. When raining, large rain particles adsorb and process large dust particles, and then the surface temperature of the ground rises due to solar radiation and grass and soil moisture re-evaporates. At that time, a large amount of nano fine particle water is generated in the atmosphere. The air on the ground surface is covered with a large amount of fine water, and the fine particle water purifies the air by pulverizing fine fine dust. Such a mechanism of the natural world was constructed as a system. It is a feature of the present invention that this apparatus generates a large amount of nano fine particle water having a diameter of 1 to 100 nm in the apparatus of the present invention to increase combustion efficiency as combustion air.

The device of the present invention is a casing provided with a spray chamber / air pressurized mixing chamber and a sedimentation chamber / precipitation water tank, and the spray chamber / air pressurized mixing chamber is provided with an air intake and a combustion high function air outlet, Is provided with an air flow pipe control venturi partition, and a space is formed by the partition plate, and the air intake port takes in air containing dust and the like from the atmosphere. The spray chamber / air pressurization mixing chamber is sprayed with nano fine particle water, and is generated into highly functional air while being further reduced and purified to nano fine particles toward the outlet of high function air for combustion. The A smoke generator is configured to generate smoke from the water discharged by a pump pressure from a nozzle at the tip of a water supply pipe connected to the water tank as nano fine particle water, and the smoke from the smoke outlet is a highly functional air. System features that are generated and supplied to the combustion device.

The apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that dust, odor, carbon dioxide, etc. in the atmosphere can be removed by the apparatus.

As is clear from the above description, the effects of the nano-fine particle water combustion air produced by the present invention are listed below.
(1) It was confirmed from the particle size distribution analyzer measurement that analyzes and analyzes the size of the ultrafine water particles that a particle size with a distribution of 1 to 100 nm is generated.
(2) 1000 trillion values were obtained by measuring the density of ultrafine water.
(3) Although the number of water molecules is calculated from the number of densities generated in (2), it can be expected to be 10 billion. From this value, the number of H2 and O can be calculated to calculate the energy of hydrogen H2.
(4) From the calculation obtained in (3), it can be predicted that the improvement effect of the present apparatus and the conventional combustion air is about 10 times as effective.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the apparatus schematic diagram-1 of the best 1st form for implementing this invention. The nanoparticle water particle size distribution and density number of the combustion air produced by the device. It is a removal graph, such as dust, which shows the air purification performance of an apparatus.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows that the nano fine particle water is sprayed in the spraying and pressure mixing chamber 3a in the apparatus, and the nano fine particle water moves the air circulation partition wall and the intermediate partition wall downstream while the space of the apparatus is pressurized. While meandering, the nano fine particle water is supplied while being produced. 1 shows a schematic view of a generator for the purpose of producing combustion high-performance air.
The apparatus is shown in FIG.

Air sucked into a spraying and air pressure mixing chamber 3a provided with a fan 5 for sucking air in the atmosphere (standard air, specific gravity 1.2, temperature 0 to 45 ° C., dust concentration 0.5 mg / M3 or less, humidity 0-99%) sprays nano fine particle water in the space of the spray chamber / air pressurized mixing chamber 3a, and the space between the spray chamber / air pressurized mixing chamber 3a and the air pressurized mixing chamber 3bc. In this way, finer nano-fine particle water is produced. The nano fine particle water is separated from the air flow pipe control partition wall 18a. 19b and the air partition wall 20c through air repeatedly meander through these three spaces to form high-function combustion air into the combustion device. It is supplied to the combustion device via the air pipe 21.

2. Spraying and air pressurized mixing chamber of FIG. 5. a and air pressurized mixing chamber bc, precipitation chamber / precipitation water tank 4abc, external casing for incorporating them into the apparatus It is composed collectively including The cooling coil 14 intended to cool the liquid in the precipitation water tank 4abc is attached to the bottom of the liquid, and the temperature in the liquid tank of the precipitation chamber 4abc is maintained at a temperature of 3 to 10 ° C. It is formed by the refrigerator 13, the cooling coil 14, and the refrigerant pipe 15 to maintain cooling.

A nozzle 11 is formed at the tip of the water supply pipe 10 from the side wall above the middle part of the spraying and air pressure mixing chamber 3a in FIG.

As a result of colliding the high-pressure water discharged from the first nozzle 11 with the collision object 12, nano fine water particle water is generated, and together with the air sucked into the spray chamber / air pressurizing and mixing chamber 3c, a suction pressure fan 5 (also serving as a pressure fan) causes contaminants in the air to be dissolved and precipitated in the precipitation chamber / precipitation water tank 4abc.

The present invention provides a combustion air that can greatly improve the efficiency of the combustor in an environment where energy resources such as oil, coal, and LNG necessary for many combustors around the world are exhausted and in an environment where the total amount of the resource is being constrained. An apparatus for supplying nano-particle water is provided. In addition, the carbon dioxide, SOX, and NOX, which are exhaust gases, are greatly reduced and the exhausted fuel is greatly reduced. The highly efficient combustion high-performance air device according to the present invention has a total function for taking an energy revolution as a whole. The system apparatus is provided. The customers include thermal power plants, automobiles, chemical factories, paper-related factories, steel plants, ship engines, general-purpose boilers, kerosene-fired air-conditioning and heating water heaters, and so on. I think that domestic needs are more in the world than in the group.

(1) Conceptual diagram of equipment 1
(2) Suction chamber (3) a Spray chamber / air pressurized mixing chamber b Air pressurized mixing chamber c Air pressurized mixing chamber (4) a Precipitation chamber / precipitation water tank b Precipitation chamber / precipitation water tank c Precipitation chamber / precipitation water tank (5) Suction pressure fan (6) Equipment casing bottom plate (7) Equipment casing top plate (8) High pressure pump (9) Pump suction port (10) First water supply pipe (11) First nozzle (12) Colliding sphere 13) Refrigerator <14> Cooling coil <15> Refrigerant piping <16> Water tank <17> High-function air outlet for combustion <18> a. Venturi bulkhead for controlling air flow pipe (19) b. Venturi bulkhead for controlling air flow pipe (20) c. Partition wall for air flow ▲ 21 ▼ High performance air pipe for combustion ▲ 22 ▼ Drainage pipe ▲ 23 ▼ Drainage tank

Claims (8)

Combustion high-performance air containing nano fine particle water generated by the apparatus of the present invention becomes humidity 0-99% and controlled to high humidity combustion high-function air that does not cause condensation. The water particle diameter in the air has a particle size distribution of 1 to 100 nm. This highly functional air for combustion is mixed with astronomical amounts of nano fine particle water of 1 to 100 nm. Since these particle sizes are close to water molecules, the high-performance air for combustion is separated because it can be separated into hydrogen H2 and oxygen O by thermal energy when introduced into the combustion device. H2 can be used as hydrogen energy. In addition, high-performance air for combustion containing nano fine particle water makes it possible to increase the thermal efficiency of combustion air. It becomes high-density air and can increase the weight by 15-25%. The present invention is an apparatus that enables the above-described two points (the use of hydrogen energy and the use of high-density air). Moreover, it is a big feature that it is the production | generation technique (particle diameter 1-100nm) of nano fine particle water. A major feature of the above apparatus is that it generates high-performance air for combustion. The apparatus of the present invention is a unique feature that enables the production of nano fine water particle water (1 to 100 nm aperture). The nano fine water particle water (1-100 nm caliber) generation technology of the device of the present invention is that spray water having a particle diameter of 1-100 nm is generated by constructing a water supply pipe, a high pressure water supply pump, a nozzle, and a sphere. This is a major feature of this device. In this apparatus, nano-particulate water and contaminants are adsorbed and dissolved and precipitated in a sedimentation chamber / functional water tank in this apparatus by using air containing pollutants in the atmosphere (dust, PM dust, carbon dioxide, etc.). The air becomes purified fresh air. The nano fine particle water produced by this apparatus is made into fine particles having a particle size distribution of 1 to 100 nm, and is supplied as high-function air for combustion to the combustion apparatus in the state of water smoke. The nano fine particle water produced by this apparatus is characterized in that a density number of 100 trillion per 1 cm 3 was obtained. It is a feature of this apparatus that the improvement effect of the thermal energy efficiency obtained by supplying the high-performance air for combustion of the present invention from this apparatus to the combustion apparatus is about twice as large as that of the conventional apparatus. 2. Spray chamber / air pressure mixing chamber of this apparatus Air blower to ab. 6, the spraying chamber and air pressure mixing chamber. 3. In a, nano fine particle water (a diameter of 0 to 5 μm) is sprayed, and components in the air and the nano fine particle water are sprayed into the air pressure mixing chamber. While being pressurized to 3abc, it passes through the air tube control venturi partition 18.19 and the high function air tube outlet 20. Then, it is supplied as high-function air for combustion to the combustion apparatus of the supply destination. Further, the sediment / functional water tank 4abc can adsorb and remove contaminants such as air dust and gas taken in by the blower 6.

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