WO2023240372A1 - System and method for capturing combustion gases and collecting the particulate material thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for capturing combustion gases and collecting particulate material from said combustion safely, wherein the system comprises: a combustion chamber (12) with a combustion nozzle (2), a steam pipe (4), and at least one oxyhydrogen injector (1) located in the combustion chamber (12) to provide a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen inside the chamber; at least one exhaust heat exchanger (14) to reduce the temperature of the combustion gases until reaching the dew point thereof; and a condensed-gas outlet (9) at the bottom of a combustion gas diffuser (8) to release the condensed gases and deposit them in a container (10) downstream of the condensed-gas outlet (9), thereby reducing greenhouse gases.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD TO CAPTURE COMBUSTION GASES AND COLLECT THEIR PARTICULATE MATERIAL.

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is related to the electricity generation and industrial industries in general. In particular, the present invention relates to a system and method for treating greenhouse gas emissions from thermoelectric and industrial generating sources in general, which use fossil fuels as a source of energy. Specifically, it is aimed at a system and method that humidifies combustion gases through the use of a mixture between oxygen and hydrogen called “Oxy-hydrogen”, since this fuel gas provides energy and its combustion generates abundant water vapor, incorporating humidity. to combustion gases. Because the gases contain water or are humid, they are subsequently easy to condense and can be stored in ponds in liquid form, without these greenhouse gases, drivers of climate change, entering the Earth's atmosphere and in this way reduce and ideally avoid the climate change that affects us.

This system and method is fundamentally proposed to be used in thermoelectric power generation plants and industries that use fossil fuels such as; Coal, Petcoke, Oil, gas, biomass, etc. Where this system and method is hybrid since it provides the fuels already mentioned with the mixture between oxygen and hydrogen called “Oxy-hydrogen”, to increase the calorific value in combustion and the humidity in the exhaust gases.

Thermoelectric energy is generated with the heat obtained from the combustion of fossil fuels. This combustion produces large-scale greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and ozone, which in turn contribute to the global warming that currently affects the planet and that a large part of its population suffers from. These gases are captured through water, initially present in vapor form and then in liquid form, for subsequent removal and treatment, and thereby prevent them from being present in the environment, specifically in the atmosphere.

Oxyhydrogen (HHO) is a mixture of hydrogen and atomic oxygen in a proportion of approximately 2:1, the same proportion as water. When this mix is ignited, its combustion produces water and 142.35 kJ (34,023.07 calories) of heat for each gram of hydrogen burned. Oxyhydrogen is usually produced from the electrolysis of water.

Oxyhydrogen burns when brought to its autoignition temperature. For a 2:1 stoichiometric mixture of hydrogen and oxygen at normal atmospheric pressure, autoignition occurs at approximately 570°C. The minimum energy needed to ignite a mixture with a spark is about 20 microjoules.

When ignited, the gas mixture turns into water vapor and releases energy, which sustains the reaction: 284.7 kJ of energy for each mole of diatomic hydrogen burned. In other words, the predominant residue is water in the form of vapor. The amount of heat energy released is independent of the combustion mode, but the flame temperature varies. The maximum temperature of approximately 2800 °C is achieved with a pure stoichiometric mixture, about 700 degrees higher than a hydrogen in air flame. When either gas is mixed in excess in this ratio, or when mixed with an inert gas such as nitrogen, the heat must spread through a greater amount of matter and therefore the temperature will be lower.

The present system and method is focused on reducing the effect of climate change and greenhouse gases, mainly related to static combustion equipment, such as a thermoelectric plant, related to the generation of electrical energy that we use daily to operate our homes, hospitals, offices, transportation, industries, etc.

STATE OF THE ART

Thermoelectric and Industries.

Pollution as a consequence of obtaining energy, goods and services. In general, all energy use entails different types of pollution and alteration of the environment. Atmospheric pollution currently seems to be the main negative aspect of energy use in the world and is caused by the combustion of both fossil fuels, firewood, biomass and others. The effects of this process can be local, regional or global. The local effects correspond mainly to those caused by the emission of particles, nitrous oxides and carbon monoxide, which make up the so-called smog, coming from vehicles and industrial and residential chimneys; The main regional effects refer to acid rain, caused mainly by the emission of sulfur dioxide, while the global effects correspond to the greenhouse effect caused due to the emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and, in general, NOx generated in combustion.

Emissions to the atmosphere

The main emissions from thermoelectric plants are sent to the atmosphere, both in terms of the volume of emissions and their potential to generate negative impacts. The amount and characteristics of emissions to air depend on factors such as fuel, type and design of the combustion unit, operational practices, emissions control measures and their state of maintenance (e.g. primary combustion, secondary flue gas treatment) and overall system efficiency.

Specifically, emissions from the combustion of coal and petcoke depend on the composition of the fuel, the type and size of the boiler, the firing conditions, the load, the type of combustion technology. control of emissions and the level of maintenance of the equipment among others. It is worth mentioning that petcoke is a petroleum derivative, obtained in the refining process of heavy oils.

The main air pollutants from the combustion of bituminous and sub-bituminous coals and petcoke are particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). In addition, combustible material is emitted, including CO, and numerous organic compounds (HC), which are emitted even under adequate operating conditions (CNE, 2007). Depending on the storage and disposal conditions, coal piles in fields or storage yards and ash deposits can constitute a source of fugitive dust, mainly due to the action of the wind. On the other hand, the operation of a thermal energy plant involves the generation of atmospheric emissions linked to mobile sources, a product of the combustion processes related to the engines of light vehicles, trucks and machinery used that requires their operation.

Table No. 1 shown below indicates the main atmospheric pollutants generated by thermoelectrity. These emissions into the atmosphere generate harmful effects on the health of the population located in the radius of influence of a thermoelectric plant, ranging from headaches to an increase in the frequency of different types of cancer. Additionally, as some of these pollutants can produce acid rain, certain areas may be affected by the acidification of nearby soils and water bodies, both surface and underground. In this sense, the operation of a thermoelectric plant in a territory can interfere with local and/or communal economic activities, such as agriculture, livestock and tourism.

Table N°1 Main atmospheric pollutants due to electric heaters.

Currently, the problem generated by polluting emissions from both fixed and mobile sources is no less significant. A series of equipment and systems have been used that, in some way, seek to reduce the particle content in suspension and reduce the emission of gases harmful to the environment, systems such as gas washing, electrostatic filters or bag filters, among others.

In the state of the art, the use of water filters that seek to “wash” the gases emitted from the combustion source is known. However, these methods achieve a very low efficiency in reducing the flow of gases and they escape into the atmosphere since complete contact of the gases with the washing water is not achieved. In Chilean patent application publication 199900615, a traditional spray device is described that is located above the mouth of the chimney, which forms a curtain of water to drag the particles towards a receptacle or tray attached to the chimney. This system suffers from the same problems already described.

On the other hand, electrostatic filters allow the capture of particulate matter, but not gases, like bag filters.

One of the advantages of this system and method is that it allows the capture of contaminants in their gas phase, transforming them into a RIL -Liquid Industrial Waste, a product of the condensation of gases, and also allows the capture of solid particulates and aerosols as a consequence of the condensation.

Furthermore, the present system and method does not require the installation of a new thermoelectric plant, since it is adaptable to existing thermoelectric plants.

In the state of the art, various solutions have been found that partially solve the technical problem posed. Among what is known is the publication WO 2004/022203, which discloses a method for reducing polluting emissions that include harmful gases and particulate matter in an exhaust stream from a combustion device that comprises: a) collecting the hot exhaust stream emitted by said combustion device through an exhaust channel; b) increasing the dew point of said hot exhaust stream; c) reducing the velocity of said hot exhaust stream having an increased dew point; d) reducing the volume and pressure of said hot exhaust stream having an increased dew point by cooling said stream, thus producing partial condensation of the gases using the particulate material as condensation nuclei so that a part of the gases in said exhaust stream are condensed into liquid form such that said liquid traps particles and harmful gases from said exhaust stream producing a liquid extraction stream and a non-condensed, residual gaseous stream; and e) collecting said condensed extraction stream, but this document does not disclose the use of oxy- hydrogen in the combustion chamber and does not mention the injection of oxygen and hydrogen separately in said combustion chamber, to prevent the flame from entering the supply pipe of each of these gases.

SOLUTION TO THE TECHNICAL PROBLEM

To remedy the problem raised, a system and method is presented to capture combustion gases and collect the particulate matter from said combustion, in a safe and ecological manner, since it uses Oxy-hydrogen as an energy source, which makes the combustion more efficient. combustion and is also a source of water, which improves the capture of exhaust gases in the gas cooling stage, leading to its condensation where the same particulate material is used as a condensation core, for subsequent removal and treatment. of said gases captured and condensed.

SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

System and method to capture combustion gases and collect the particulate matter from said combustion (RIL), such as particulate matter, through a hybrid combustion of Coal, Petcoke, Oil, gas, biomass, or a mixture of them, with a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen called “Oxy-hydrogen”, to increase the calorific value in combustion and the humidity in the exhaust gases, since it is useful as a condensation nucleus, in a safe way, because it is only a mixture of oxygen with hydrogen at the outlets of each nozzle located in the combustion chamber.

One embodiment of the present invention proposes a method to condense combustion gases from stationary sources that use fossil fuels as the main fuel. It is mainly aimed at thermoelectric plants and industries that use fossil fuels in their processes, whether heating water to produce steam or generating cooking or fusion of some material or other similar processes. These processes, in addition to fossil fuel, are fed with atmospheric air to generate and maintain combustion.

If the combustion of Oxy-hydrogen gas (HHO) is added to this traditional combustion process, heat energy and water vapor are contributed to said combustion, Because the combustion of Oxy-hydrogen, the only waste generated is water vapor.

This high-temperature water vapor mixes with the combustion gases generated by said fuels, be they Coal, Petcoke, Gas, Biomass, Diesel or other fuels that generate both greenhouse gases and other gases and particulate matter, pollutants for the environment. environment. The high moisture content provided by the water vapor generated by the combustion of Oxy-hydrogen allows the combustion gases to be humidified, hydrated and even saturated with moisture, raising the dew point to condense an important part of these polluting compounds at high temperatures. , using condensation systems appropriate in design and materials for the temperatures, gas volumes and characteristics of the gases and particulate matter trapped in the condensate.

The condensed gases are deposited in ponds so that these liquid wastes can be treated and transformed into water, carbonates, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, particulate matter, etc. depending on the type of fuel that has been used.

Another modality of the invention is to use the oxygen generated by the manufacture of Hydrogen, proposing a method to condense combustion gases when fossil fuels are used as the main fuel. Fundamentally, it is aimed at thermoelectric generating plants that manufacture Hydrogen and that use fossil fuels in their processes. These processes minimize the emission of NOX, since they are fed with oxygen and atmospheric air to generate and maintain combustion, given that they would use a higher percentage of oxygen that would come from said production of Hydrogen.

If the combustion of Oxy-hydrogen gas (HHO) is added to this traditional combustion process, heat energy and water vapor are contributed to said combustion, because the combustion of Oxy-hydrogen, the only waste it generates is water vapor, therefore the gases generated from the combustion of said fossil fuels could be condensed.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of at least one Oxy-hydrogen injector (1). Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the present invention. Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of the present invention.

The present system and method has a higher efficiency than traditional gas washing systems, electrostatic filters, bag filters and other similar ones, because the combustion gases are saturated by the high humidity provided by the combustion of Oxy-hydrogen. allowing them to be condensed at relatively high temperatures, 50°C or more, since the dew point can be achieved at high temperatures due to excess water vapor, allowing these gases to be diluted in the condensed liquid. This system and method allows sub-micron particles (PM1) to be trapped in the condensed gases, which are impossible to trap by any existing washing method. In addition, it includes a subsystem for injecting sprayed water or water with microdroplets, which It allows to increase the humidity and abruptly reduce the temperature of the exhaust gases and thereby further improve the capture of gases and/or particulate pollutants.

One of the problems that arise in the combustion of thermoelectric plants, boilers and industrial generators is that atmospheric air is used as an oxidizer with the aim of incorporating oxygen to generate combustion. The problem with using atmospheric air to achieve combustion is that 78% of the air is nitrogen and only 21% of the air corresponds to oxygen, which is the oxidizer needed to carry out combustion. In combustion, Nitrogen is transformed into various compounds such as Nitric Oxide (NO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and eventually Nitrous Oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas over 300 times more powerful than Carbon Dioxide (CO2). These compounds derived from atmospheric nitrogen can be eliminated if pure oxygen is used to replace atmospheric air. It should be noted that these primary pollutants derived from nitrogen facilitate the formation of secondary pollutants that are part of photochemical smog and among which is Ozone (03), which is an oxidizing and toxic gas that can cause respiratory problems in humans.

Considering that the addition of Oxy-hydrogen to a combustion process adds heat energy and humidity to it, since 100% of the HHO is transformed into water vapor, a test was carried out on a generator that uses oil for its operation. diesel and a device that added Oxygen-hydrogen in a ratio of approximately 5% of the fuel consumed was added to the injection. The Oxygen-hydrogen comes from two pipes, on one side oxygen and on the other hydrogen to prevent the flame from entering each distribution pipe, since each gas Separated it is not fuel and the mixture is achieved at the nozzle outlets. This test did not alter the efficiency of the generator, but the combustion of the Oxyhydrogen did significantly contribute high-temperature humidity to the engine exhaust gases, humidity that allowed an important part of the gases generated in the combustion of oil to be trapped and whose These effects directly contribute to the greenhouse effect and environmental pollution.

The combustion gases from the generator engine, after the humidification process, were subjected to a condensation process in a heat exchanger, made up of aluminum tubes with dissipating fins facing a forced air fan, achieving greater amounts of condensate when the ambient air was colder and even in another configuration, water was included in the form of mist at the inlet of the heat exchanger, which lowered the temperature of the gases further and increased the presence of humidity, capturing a greater amount of polluting gases and more particulate matter.

Various analyzes were carried out by a specialized laboratory on the condensed liquids, which contained, among other compounds, carbonic acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Some of these results are indicated in the following table No. 2:

Table N°2 Analysis of the tests of the condensed liquid obtained from the combustion of the diesel generating equipment, increasing the humidity at the combustion.

• Sulfates were trapped between 1.8 to 4.9 grams per liter of condensed gases.

• Total solids between 20 to 31 grams per liter of condensed gases.

• Carbons in sediments between 23% to 37%.

It is highlighted from this system and method that the condensed combustion gases are not released into the atmosphere, achieving the stated objective, since they are confined in the wastewater, which can be treated, in a controlled manner, to separate different compounds such as acid. sulfuric acid, nitric acid, solid carbonates and water among other compounds. Another modality that can be carried out using Oxy-hydrogen in combustion is the following; An electrical generation plant that uses fossil fuels allocates part of the electrical energy generated to produce “Hydrogen” through the process of hydrolysis of water. This process, in addition to Hydrogen as the objective product, generates Oxygen. The idea is that, in this process, the Hydrogen produced is as green as possible. Given that when the water molecule is broken and hydrogen and oxygen are obtained and the main objective of the process is the production of Hydrogen, allocate the oxygen obtained to be used in combustion and in this way minimize or even not use atmospheric air that contains 78% Nitrogen, reducing or eliminating the generation of nitrous oxides since the humidity generated in combustion would allow the gases generated by the combustion of fossil fuels to condense and thus avoid the emission of greenhouse gases.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As shown in the figures, the present invention is related to a system to capture combustion gases and collect the particulate material from said combustion, safely comprising: a combustion chamber (12) that comprises a nozzle (2) of combustion where the combustion of some fuel is generated; at least one water vapor pipe (4), located inside the combustion chamber (12), through which water enters (16) and steam leaves (17), which feeds at least one steam turbine (not shown in the figures) with steam (17); at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1) located inside the combustion chamber (12), to provide a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen inside the combustion chamber (12) and thereby deliver a greater amount of fuel and as a result of said combustion generate water vapor; at least one exhaust heat exchanger (14), located at the outlet (3) of the combustion chamber (12) to reduce the temperature of the combustion gases, until reaching the dew point of the combustion gases; a combustion gas diffuser (8) located at the exit of the at least one heat exchanger (14), which comprises: a chimney (11) in the upper part of the combustion gas diffuser (8), to release non-condensed gases; and a condensed gas outlet (9) in the lower part of the combustion gas diffuser (8), to release the condensed gases and deposit them in a container (10) downstream of the condensed gas outlet (9), thereby achieving the reduction of greenhouse gases and also the waste RILES are treated to separate the components and reuse the accumulated water; control means (100), which control the flow of oxygen and hydrogen from the at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1).

In a preferred configuration, the at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1) comprises: a. a hydrogen feed pipe (1 a); b. an oxygen supply pipe (1 b); c. a mixture injector (1c), which mixes hydrogen and oxygen generating the oxy-hydrogen fuel mixture, safely since the mixture is carried out in the mixture injector (1c) allowing a wide range of flow management and avoiding that the flame enters back into the supply pipes (1 a, 1 b), allowing ample management of the oxy-hydrogen flow, since to increase the flow of said gases, the outlet of the nozzle of the mixing injector (1 c), and if the mixing were carried out in a chamber other than Oxy-hydrogen, this would be very dangerous to handle due to its high combustion ease. In other words, it is not possible to achieve large Oxy-hydrogen flow rates in the combustion nozzle when the mixing is not done right at the exit of both gases, oxygen and hydrogen, since there is a high probability that the flame will enter the chamber. of Oxy-hydrogen mixture and causes an unwanted explosion and that makes the handling of Oxy-hydrogen unfeasible when the outlet volumes are high, therefore, it is required that the mixture of oxygen and hydrogen be carried out right at the outlet. of the mixture injector (1 c) to avoid the return of the flame to the supply pipes (1 a, 1 b), since by having the gases separately, the fuel is not in the same place with the oxidizer, thereby avoiding unwanted combustion.

In another preferred configuration, the at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1) further comprises: d. a hydrogen flow actuation and regulation valve (2a); and e. an oxygen flow actuation and regulation valve (2b); where each of these flow actuation and regulation valves (2a, 2b) are commanded by the control means (100), where the control means (100) are chosen from sensors and actuators, such as pressure sensors. pressure, temperature, flow, a data processing means, configuration means, to establish the predetermined operating control values, to activate the actuators or valves that regulate the flow of the different fluids, such as air, water, oxygen, hydrogen, quantity fuel, polluting gas sensors, such as CO, CO2, NOx, particulate matter, among other pollution sensors.

In another preferred configuration, the hydrogen feed pipe (1 a) and the oxygen feed pipe (1 b) are intertwined together forming a helicoid to improve the gas mixture, thus taking advantage of the kinematics and dynamics of the gases.

In another preferred configuration, the exhaust heat exchanger (14) further comprises: a plurality of heat dissipating fins (7), to improve heat transfer to the environment; and a duct (6) through which the combustion gases flow, where the exhaust heat exchanger (14) also comprises: a coil inside the exhaust heat exchanger (14), through which a fluid flows to reduce the temperature of the flue gases and increasing the contact area with the flue gases on a cold surface. (Not shown in figures)

In another preferred configuration, at least one water injector (15), which delivers water to the interior of the at least one exhaust heat exchanger (14), to control the temperature of the exhaust gases, increasing the humidity inside the heat exchanger. exhaust heat (14) to control the dew point temperature of the combustion gases inside the duct (6).

An air turbine (13) injects air into the combustion chamber (12) to improve combustion and/or an additional oxygen injector (18) injects oxygen into the combustion chamber (12) to improve combustion. , because the entry of oxygen allows the entry of air to be reduced, and thereby reduce the flow of atmospheric air and therefore the amount of nitrogen present is reduced, therefore NOx is reduced.)

In another preferred configuration, the control means (100) also control the water flow rate of the water injector (15) and/or the flow rate of the air turbine (13) and/or the flow rate of the additional oxygen injector ( 18).

In another preferred configuration, the combustion chamber (12), the combustion nozzle (2), at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1) and the water vapor pipe (4) They are built with materials with a melting point greater than 1000 °C that are chosen from among stainless steels, molybdenum, iron, tungsten, copper, ceramics, nickel, zirconium, chromium, and/or a mixture of them.

Furthermore, a method is disclosed to capture combustion gases and collect the particulate material from said combustion, safely, which includes the following stages: a.- Initiating combustion in a combustion chamber (12) through a main fuel which is chosen from Coal, Petcoke, Oil, gas, biomass, among others, generating a flame by combustion of more than 700°C; b.- generate an oxy-hydrogen mixture in a mixture injector (1 c), where an outlet of a hydrogen feed pipe (1 a) is joined with an outlet of an oxygen feed pipe (1 b ); c.- expel the oxy-hydrogen mixture from the mixture injector (1c) to the combustion chamber (12) to combust the oxy-hydrogen mixture with the flame existing in said combustion chamber (12) and thereby generate greater heat and increase the proportion of water vapor, due to the combustion of oxy-hydrogen leaving only water vapor as a residue; d. -heat the existing water in a boiler steam pipe (4), to generate useful steam for later use, such as in a steam turbine and thereby obtain movement for the generation of electricity; e.- cool the exhaust gases in an exhaust heat exchanger (14), located at the outlet (3) of the combustion chamber (12) to reduce the temperature of the combustion gases, until reaching the dew point. of said combustion gases; f.- condense the exhaust gases in a combustion gas diffuser (8) located at the exit of at least one heat exchanger (14); g.- capture the condensed exhaust gases in a container (10) downstream of the condensed gas outlet (9); and h.- release the non-condensed gases into a chimney (1 1) in the upper part of the combustion gas diffuser (8).

In another preferred configuration, in step c.- it also comprises controlling the proportion of the oxy-hydrogen mixture with a hydrogen flow control and regulation valve (2a) in the hydrogen feed pipe (1a) and with an oxygen flow actuation and regulation valve (2b) in the oxygen supply pipe (1 b), through control means (100), which control the proportion of the oxygen and hydrogen flow rate of the at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1).

In another preferred configuration, in stage e.- it also comprises entering sprayed water through a water injector (15) into the exhaust heat exchanger (14), to increase the humidity and decrease the temperature of the exhaust gases. exhaust in said exhaust heat exchanger (14), to promote the condensation of the exhaust gases and divide the exhaust gases through a combustion gas diffuser (8) and thereby improve the capture of particles and gases. combustion.

In another preferred configuration, in stage g.- it also comprises extracting the condensed exhaust gases from the container (10), through a RILES pump (5).

In another preferred configuration, in step g.- it also comprises treating the RILES, to extract the water, the acids and capture the solids contained in the RILES.

Different options described for different technical characteristics can be combined with each other, or with other options known to a person normally versed in the art, without this limiting the scope of the present application.

In the context of this application, without limiting its scope, “at least one” will be understood as one or more of the elements referred to. Consequently, the number of elements referred to does not limit the scope of this application. Additionally, in the event that more than one element is provided, said elements may or may not be identical to each other without this limiting the scope of the present application.

In the context of this application, without limiting its scope, “plurality” will be understood as two or more of the elements referred to. Consequently, the number of plurality elements referred to does not limit the scope of this application as long as it is greater than or equal to two. Additionally, said elements of the plurality may or may not be identical to each other without this limiting the scope of the present application.

APPLICATION EXAMPLE

Below, examples of application of this utility model will be presented. Such examples are provided for illustrative purposes only to provide a better understanding of the invention, but in no case should they be considered to limit the scope of the protection requested. Additionally, specifications of different technical characteristics described in the examples can be combined with each other, or with other previously described technical characteristics, without this limiting the scope of the protection requested.

A standard boiler was used, with coal. An Oxy-hydrogen injector (1) was added to this coal boiler to combust hydrogen with oxygen called oxy-hydrogen (HHO).

What is oxy-hydrogen (HHO) and how is it obtained?

Hydrogen gas and Oxygen gas are obtained through the electrolysis of water. To produce 1 kilo of hydrogen by electrolysis, between 55 to 60 kWh are consumed depending on the efficiency of the electrolysis equipment to be used.

To produce 1 kilo of hydrogen, approximately 1 1 liters of water are required.

1 M ³ of hydrogen gas at 1 Atmosphere weighs 90 grams (0.08995 kg/m ³ )

1 M ³ of oxygen gas at 1 Atmosphere weighs 1 kilo 354 grams

1 kilo of hydrogen gas occupies an approximate volume of 1 1.1 1 M ³ to 1 Atmosphere

With 11 liters of water and a consumption between 55 to 60 kWh, the following were obtained:

11.1 M ³ hydrogen

5.55 M ³ oxygen

Total 16.65 M ³ of Oxy-hydrogen Gas

The combustion of Oxyhydrogen, apart from generating heat, the only waste it generated was water vapor.

How the invention works:

The coal boiler was turned on. Then the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen called Oxy-hydrogen was ignited, the combustion gases mixed with the water vapor generated by the combustion of the Oxy-hydrogen, and then these gases left the combustion chamber at 900°C +/ - 50°C towards the exhaust heat exchanger (14), where the combustion gases were cooled using two techniques, one of which includes dissipating elements such as heat dissipating fins and a coil that circulates a cooling fluid, achieving lower Exhaust gas temperature at 500°C +/-40°C.

In a second stage, sprayed water was injected into the hot combustion gases (500°C +/-40°C), this sprayed water upon coming into contact with the gases. Hot, it evaporates instantly, reducing the temperature of the combustion gases to 60°C +/-20°C. With these two techniques, the gases are cooled and enriched with abundant water vapor and when condensed, it allowed the capture of particulate matter lower than PM1. (PM1 is a particle size standard related to the control sieve), where the particles functioned as condensation nuclei, due to the abundant amount of water in the exhaust gases, where the following gases were captured: CO2, No _x , and gases derived from sulfur and others diluted in the condensed water, which was subsequently confined in a pond for subsequent treatment. CO2 is neutralized, turning it into a solid, NOx can be fixed as fertilizer in water and others separated as acids. The contaminated water was sent for treatment to be recovered and purified.

Claims

CLAIMS - System to capture combustion gases and collect particulate matter from said combustion, in a safe manner that comprises: a combustion chamber (12) that includes a combustion nozzle (2) where the combustion of some fuel is generated; at least one water vapor pipe (4), located inside the combustion chamber (12), through which water enters (16) and steam leaves (17), which feeds at least one steam turbine (not shown in the figures) with steam (17); CHARACTERIZED because the gas capture system comprises: at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1) located inside the combustion chamber (12), to provide a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen inside the combustion chamber ( 12) and thereby deliver a greater amount of fuel and as a result of said combustion generate water vapor; at least one exhaust heat exchanger (14), located at the outlet (3) of the combustion chamber (12) to reduce the temperature of the combustion gases, until reaching the dew point of the combustion gases; a combustion gas diffuser (8) located at the exit of at least one heat exchanger (14), which comprises: a chimney (11) in the upper part of the combustion gas diffuser (8), to release the non-condensed gases; and a condensed gas outlet (9) in the lower part of the combustion gas diffuser (8), to release the condensed gases and deposit them in a container (10) downstream of the condensed gas outlet (9); control means (100), which control the flow of oxygen and hydrogen from the at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1). 2- The system for capturing gases according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1) comprises: a. a hydrogen feed pipe (1 a); b. an oxygen supply pipe (1 b); c. a mixture injector (1c), which mixes hydrogen and oxygen generating the oxy-hydrogen fuel mixture, safely since the mixing is carried out in the mixture injector (1c) allowing a wide range of flow management and preventing the flame from entering back into the feed pipes (1 a, 1 b), allowing ample management of the Oxy-hydrogen flow. 3- The system for capturing gases according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED because the at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1) also comprises: a. a hydrogen flow actuation and regulation valve (2a); and b. an oxygen flow actuation and regulation valve (2b); where each of these actuation and flow regulation valves (2a, 2b) are commanded by the control means (100). 4- The system for capturing gases according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the hydrogen supply pipe (1 a) and the oxygen supply pipe (1 b) intertwine with each other, forming a helicoid to improve the mixture of gases. 5- The system for capturing gases according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the exhaust heat exchanger (14) also comprises: a plurality of heat dissipating fins (7), to improve heat transfer to the environment; and a duct (6) through which the combustion gases flow. 6- The system for capturing gases according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the exhaust heat exchanger (14) also comprises: a coil inside the exhaust heat exchanger (14), through which a fluid flows to decrease the temperature of the combustion gases and increase the contact area with the combustion gases on a cold surface. 7- The system for capturing gases according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one water injector (15), which delivers water into the interior of the at least one exhaust heat exchanger (14), to control the temperature of the exhaust gases, increasing the humidity inside the exhaust heat exchanger (14) to control the dew point temperature of the combustion gases inside the duct (6). 8- The system for capturing gases according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that an air turbine (13) injects air into the combustion chamber (12), to improve combustion. 9- The system for capturing gases according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because an additional oxygen injector (18) injects oxygen into the combustion chamber (12), to improve combustion. 10- The system for capturing gases according to claim 1 or 8 or 9, CHARACTERIZED in that the control means (100) also control the water flow rate of the water injector (15) and/or the turbine flow rate. of air (13) and/or the flow rate of the additional oxygen injector (18). 1 1 - The system for capturing gases according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the combustion chamber (12), the combustion nozzle (2), at least one Oxy-hydrogen injector (1) and the steam pipe of water (4) are constructed with materials with a melting point greater than 1000 °C that are chosen from among stainless steels, molybdenum, iron, tungsten, copper, ceramics, nickel, zirconium, chromium, and/or a mixture of them. 12- A method to capture combustion gases and collect particulate matter from said combustion, safely, CHARACTERIZED because it includes the following stages: a.- Initiating combustion in a combustion chamber (12) through a main fuel which is chosen from Coal, Petcoke, Oil, gas, biomass, among others, generating a flame by combustion of more than 700°C; b.- generate an oxy-hydrogen mixture in a mixture injector (1c), where an outlet of a hydrogen feed pipe (1 a) is joined with an outlet of an oxygen feed pipe (1 b) ; c.- expel the oxy-hydrogen mixture from the mixture injector (1c) to the combustion chamber (12) to combust the oxy-hydrogen mixture with the flame existing in said combustion chamber (12) and thereby generate greater heat and increase the proportion of water vapor, due to the combustion of oxy-hydrogen leaving only water vapor as a residue; d. -heat the existing water in a boiler steam pipe (4), to generate useful steam for later use, such as in a steam turbine and thereby obtain movement for the generation of electricity; e.- cool the exhaust gases in an exhaust heat exchanger (14), located at the outlet (3) of the combustion chamber (12) to reduce the temperature of the combustion gases, until reaching the dew point. of said combustion gases; f.- condense the exhaust gases in a combustion gas diffuser (8) located at the exit of at least one heat exchanger (14); g.- capture the condensed exhaust gases in a container (10) downstream of the condensed gas outlet (9); and h.- release the non-condensed gases into a chimney (1 1) in the upper part of the combustion gas diffuser (8). 13- The method for capturing gases according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED in that step c.- also comprises controlling the proportion of the oxy-hydrogen mixture with a hydrogen flow regulation and actuation valve (2a) in the hydrogen supply pipe (1 a) and with a valve for actuating and regulating the oxygen flow (2b) in the oxygen supply pipe (1 b), through control means (100), which control the proportion of the oxygen and hydrogen flow rate of the at least one oxy-hydrogen injector (1). 14- The method for capturing gases according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED in that step e.- also comprises entering sprayed water through a water injector (15) into the exhaust heat exchanger (14), to increase the humidity and decrease the temperature of the exhaust gases in said exhaust heat exchanger (14), to promote the condensation of the exhaust gases and divide the exhaust gases through a combustion gas diffuser (8) and thereby improve the capture of particles and combustion gases. 15- The method for capturing gases according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED because step g.- also comprises extracting the condensed exhaust gases from the container (10), through a RILES pump (5). 16- The method for capturing gases according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED because step g.- also includes treating the RILES, to extract the water, the acids and capture the solids contained in the RILES.